Family of proteins focal adhesion protein tyrosine kinases. Medical search. Frequent questions

Tyrosine phosphorylation of target proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target protein activity, and/or to generate a binding site on the target protein that recruits other signaling molecules. (wikipedia.org)
In MCF10A/HER2 cells, TGF-beta enhanced cell motility, FAK phosphorylation, F-actin assembly, and focal adhesion formation and inhibited RhoA activity. (nih.gov)
The non-classical pathway refers to EphA2 ligands and tyrosine kinase non-dependent activation and phosphorylation. (aging-us.com)
Inflammatory cytokines and growth factors via RSK AKT and Protein Kinase A (PKA) induce phosphorylation of EphA2 Ser897. (aging-us.com)
Fyn, a Src kinase known to interact with CD36, co-precipitates with p130Cas and is an essential upstream intermediate in the signaling pathways leading to phosphorylation of the p130Cas substrate domain. (neuroprobe.com)
Furthermore, the p130Cas-interacting kinase Pyk2 and the cytoskeletal adapter protein paxillin also demonstrate CD36-dependent phosphorylation, identifying these focal adhesion molecules as additional members of this β-amyloid signaling cascade. (neuroprobe.com)
Disruption of this p130Cas complex by small interfering RNA silencing inhibits p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation and microglial migration, illustrating the importance of this pathway in microglial activation and recruitment. (neuroprobe.com)
Both cell adhesion and Rac activation stimulated PKL tyrosine phosphorylation. (healthyguide.info)
The absence of either FAK or Src-family kinases prevents PKL phosphorylation and suppresses localization of PKL Panobinostat but not GIT1 to focal adhesions after Rac activation. (healthyguide.info)
Manifestation of Panobinostat an triggered FAK mutant in the absence of Src-family kinases partially restores PKL localization suggesting that Src activation of FAK is required for PKL phosphorylation and localization. (healthyguide.info)
A) Normal MEF cells were transfected and plated on 5 μg/ml fibronectin for 180 min followed by acquisition of time-lapse images every … DISCUSSION We have recognized Src/FAK- and Rac-dependent phosphorylation of the ArfGAP PKL and identified that phosphorylation is required for PKL focal adhesion localization paxillin binding and normal cell adhesion dynamics. (healthyguide.info)
Integrin-FAK signaling has been shown to activate a number of biological mechanisms through phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions promoting tumorigenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
The best characterized FAK phosporylation event is the auto-phosphorylation at the tyrosine397 (Tyr397) which creates a motif that is recognized by various SH2 domain-containing proteins, such as src which phosphorylates FAK on Tyr576. (aacrjournals.org)
d Quantification of ERK phosphorylation in organoids, 24 h after induction of control, BRAF or KRAS transgenes, using a capillary protein analysis. (researchgate.net)
Phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 342 in the PTK6 activation loop corresponds with its activation. (oncotarget.com)
Similar to findings in the prostate, we detect nuclear and cytoplasmic PTK6 in normal mammary gland epithelial cells, but no phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 342. (oncotarget.com)
However, in human breast tumors, striking PTK6 expression and phosphorylation of tyrosine 342 is observed at the plasma membrane. (oncotarget.com)

These events are influenced by and activate other molecular pathways, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK),[2] and therapies are now available that target these pathocellular processes. (cancernetwork.com)
However, it does bind tightly to other ligand-bound EGF receptor family members to form a heterodimer, stabilizing ligand binding and enhancing kinase-mediated activation of downstream signalling pathways, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. (origene.com)

Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating cell migration, adhesion, spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation and disassembly of focal adhesions and cell protrusions, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Together, these data are the first to identify the signaling cascade that directly links CD36 to the actin cytoskeleton and, thus, implicates it in diverse processes such as cellular migration, adhesion, and phagocytosis. (neuroprobe.com)
RESULTS Identification of a 95-kDa Tyrosine Phosphorylated Nck-binding Protein The SH3-SH3-SH3-SH2 adaptor protein Nck is a major downstream mediator of extracellular matrix and growth element receptor signaling to the cytoskeleton through its ability to associate with receptor tyrosine kinases PAK and the WASP/WAVE complex (Buday and indicated like a Box-and-Whiskers Storyline (Number 10B). (healthyguide.info)
Rho GTPases represent a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in cell cytoskeleton organization, migration, transcription, and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Migration and invasion require coordinated reorganisation of the actin cytoskeleton and regulation of cell-adhesion dynamics. (silverchair.com)
Members of the Rho family of small G proteins transduce signals from plasma-membrane receptors and control cell adhesion, motility and shape by actin cytoskeleton formation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
FERM domains are found in a number of cytoskeletal-associated proteins that associate with various proteins at the interface between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. (embl.de)
Protein-tyrosine phosphatases PTPN3 and PTPN4, enzyme that appear to act at junctions between the membrane and the cytoskeleton. (embl.de)
For cytoskeleton-membrane cross-linking, the dormant molecules becomes activated and the FERM domain attaches to the membrane by binding specific membrane proteins, while the last 34 residues of the tail bind actin filaments. (embl.de)
The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous proteins that enables the active transport of cellular cargo, transduces force, and when assembled into higher-order structures, forms the basis for motile cellular structures that promote cell movement. (mechanobio.info)
The Rho family of GTP-binding proteins has been implicated in the regulation of various cellular functions including actin cytoskeleton-dependent morphological change. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Functions in integrin signal transduction, but also in signaling downstream of numerous growth factor receptors, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), EPHA2, netrin receptors and LDL receptors. (nih.gov)
Eph receptors and their ligands, Ephrin proteins (Eph receptor interacting proteins), play a key role in many pathological states (abnormally elevated RTK activity is a feature of most human cancers), and therefore Eph receptors can be used as potential drug targets [ 9 , 10 ]. (aging-us.com)
Cytokines bind to their receptors, activating signal transduction pathways such as adenylate cyclase/cAMP, phospholipase C/inositol trisphosphate, and Ca 2+ and tyrosine kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
Podosomes are structurally divided into a core, which mainly contains proteins involved in actin polymerization (such as WASP, the Arp2/3 complex and cortactin ), and a surrounding ring populated by integrin receptors and adhesion proteins (for example, paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK/Pyk2) ) [15] . (cellmigration.org)
FAK is identified as a key mediator of signaling by integrins, the major family of cell surface receptors for extracellular matrix, as well as by other receptors in both normal and cancer cells. (aacrjournals.org)
HSCs express numerous cell surface receptors including both discoidin domain receptors (DDRs)-which are receptors for collagen I and many of the integrin subunits, which are a major family of cell surface receptors for extracellular molecules and play a critical role in many biological functions [ 7 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Members of the RYK/Derailed family have recently been shown to regulate axon guidance in both Drosophila and mammals by acting as Wnt receptors. (biologists.com)
Janus tyrosine kinases (JAKs), cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases that are non-covalently associated with the cytoplasmic tails of receptors for cytokines or polypeptidic hormones. (embl.de)
Its activity is directed by intracellular signals mediated by various types of receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Fyn is primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane, where it phosphorylates tyrosine residues on key targets involved in a variety of different signaling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
PKL is definitely phosphorylated on tyrosine residues 286/392/592 by Src and/or FAK and these sites are required for PKL localization to focal adhesions and for paxillin binding. (healthyguide.info)
PTKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to tyrosine (tyr) residues in protein substrates. (umbc.edu)
Typically Rho proteins are 190-250 residues long and consist only of the GTPase domain and short terminal C-terminal extensions. (biomedcentral.com)
Residues conserved across the rhoGAP family are largely confined to one face of this bundle, which may be an interaction site for target G proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The proteins encoded by members of the Dbl family share a common domain, presented in this entry, of about 200 residues (designated the Dbl homology or DH domain) that has been shown to encode a GEF activity specific for a number of Rho family members. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Interaction with ECM is a major driver of HSC morphology [ 11 ], and signal transduction from integrin activation occurs at least partly through aggregation and subsequent activation of focal adhesion kinases (FAKs) by autophosphorylation of tyrosine 397 (Y397). (biomedcentral.com)

Fyn is a tyrosine-specific phospho-transferase that is a member of the Src family of non-receptor tyrosine protein kinases. (wikipedia.org)
In TGF-beta-treated MCF10A mammary epithelial cells overexpressing HER2 and by chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified novel Smad targets including protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type kappa (PTPRK). (nih.gov)
Here, using different experimental approaches, especially designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD) chemogenetic technology, we found that sustained activation of G q -protein signaling impairs the functionality of striatal neurons and we unveil the precise molecular mechanism underlying this process: a phospholipase C/Ca 2+ /proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2/cJun N -terminal kinase pathway. (jneurosci.org)
The Eph receptor family is the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases and is a key regulator of cell growth, differentiation and motility [ 6 - 8 ]. (aging-us.com)
The ArfGAP paxillin kinase linker (PKL)/G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein (GIT)2 continues to be implicated in regulating cell spreading and motility through its transient recruitment of the p21-activated kinase (PAK) to focal adhesions. (healthyguide.info)
Here, we show that the non-receptor Src family tyrosine kinases, SRC64B and SRC42A, are involved in WNT5-mediated signaling through Derailed in the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system. (biologists.com)
Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2. (embl.de)
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) is a member of the VEGF family of receptor tyrosine kinase proteins, which are expressed on both endothelial and tumor cells, are one of the key proteins contributing to cancer development, and are involved in drug resistance. (researchgate.net)
This gene encodes a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family of receptor tyrosine kinases. (origene.com)
However, the mechanisms underlying receptor-dependent regulation of Rho family members remain incompletely understood. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Dbl targets Rho family proteins thereby stimulating their GDP/GTP exchange, and thus is believed to be involved in receptor-mediated regulation of the proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)

The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the fyn-binding protein. (wikipedia.org)

Whereas the formation of focal adhesions requires actomyosin-mediated contractile force mediated by RhoA , podosome formation is stimulated by a local loss of contractility and the recruitment of negative regulators of RhoA, such as p190RhoGAP [16] . (cellmigration.org)
What steps are involved in the formation of focal adhesions? (mechanobio.info)

Fyn is functionally distinct from its family members in that it interacts with FAK and paxillin (PXN) in the regulation of cell morphology and motility. (wikipedia.org)
In the present study we identify the focal adhesion-associated proteins p130Cas, Pyk2, and paxillin as novel members of the tyrosine kinase signaling pathway downstream of CD36 and show that assembly of this complex is essential for microglial migration. (neuroprobe.com)
Overexpression of the nonphosphorylated GFP-PKL Triple YF mutant stimulates cell distributing and protrusiveness much like overexpression of a paxillin mutant that does not bind PKL suggesting that failure to recruit PKL to focal adhesions interferes with normal cell distributing and motility. (healthyguide.info)

This growth factor also stimulates production of collagens, proteoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, tenascin and thrombospondin, diminishes production of extracellularly active neutral endoproteinases belonging to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and serine proteinase families, and stimulates production of endogenous MMP inhibitors (tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinase [TIMP]) and serpins (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1). (biomedcentral.com)
The PTKc family is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases such as protein serine/threonine kinases, RIO kinases, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). (umbc.edu)
A family of serine proteinase inhibitors which are similar in amino acid sequence and mechanism of inhibition, but differ in their specificity toward proteolytic enzymes. (lookformedical.com)
Some members of the serpin family may be substrates rather than inhibitors of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES, and some serpins occur in plants where their function is not known. (lookformedical.com)
Furthermore, pyrin interacts with proline-serine-threonine phosphatase-interacting protein (PSTPIP1), also known as CD2-binding protein 1 (CD2BP1), which is a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein involved in cytoskeletal organization and thereby involved in immunologic cellular interactions. (medscape.com)

C3 exoenzyme, a specific inhibitor of the prenylated small signaling Rho proteins, mimicked the inhibitory effects of simvastatin and L-839,867. (neuroprobe.com)
Aside from binding to membranes, the activated FERM domain of ERM proteins can also bind the guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor of Rho GTPase (RhoDGI), which suggests that in addition to functioning as a cross-linker, ERM proteins may influence Rho signalling pathways. (embl.de)

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A2 (EphA2) is a member of the Eph subfamily with tyrosine kinase activity, plays a key role in the regulation of signaling pathways related to the malignant phenotype of various tumor cells, but its specific regulatory mechanism in colorectal cancer needs to be further clarified. (aging-us.com)
What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
We previously showed that Musashi-2 (MSI2) RNA-binding protein is associated with NSCLC progression by regulating several signaling pathways relevant to NSCLC. (researchgate.net)

Fer kinase also regulates cell cycle progression in malignant cells. (umbc.edu)
Cryopyrin (also called NALP3, PYPAF1, or NACHT, leucine-rich repeat [LRR], and PYD domains-containing protein 3) is a member of the APAF-1/NOD1-like protein family, which regulates apoptosis and inflammation. (medscape.com)

Nascent adhesions are the first observable adhesive structures, emerging within the lamellipodium. (cellmigration.org)
Nascent adhesions are small and highly transient - either maturing or disassembling ('turning over') - and are therefore not easily observed in every cell type [6] , [7] . (cellmigration.org)
They are larger than nascent adhesions, depend on myosin II for their formation and maintenance, and reside at the boundary of the lamellum and lamellipodium [10] , [11] . (cellmigration.org)
Like nascent adhesions, they also tend to either disassemble (turnover) or grow and elongate into focal adhesions. (cellmigration.org)
Although focal adhesions are similar, in terms of molecular composition, to nascent adhesions and focal complexes, several adhesion proteins appear to change as focal adhesions evolve in response to tension, e.g., zyxin and vinculin . (cellmigration.org)
From left: Panel 1 shows formation of nascent adhesions at the cell periphery. (mechanobio.info)

Focal-adhesion kinases (FAKs), cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases involved in signalling through integrins. (embl.de)

Fyn is a protein, present in the signaling pathway of integrins, which activates ras. (wikipedia.org)

and microtubule targeting, which may contribute to adhesion disassembly. (cellmigration.org)
The four panels represent roughly the different steps in the formation and disassembly of focal adhesions. (mechanobio.info)

These adhesions are usually physically linked to large, readily visualized actomyosin bundles [13] , and their appearance correlates inversely with motility, such that they are conspicuously absent in cells migrating within a three-dimensional (3D) substrate. (cellmigration.org)
Thaw the Active FAK, Kinase Assay Buffer III (5X), and Substrate on ice. (rndsystems.com)
Inhibition of cell/substrate adhesion with specific anti-integrin antibodies demonstrated that P-FAKSer732 activation is not induced by integrin clustering. (aacrjournals.org)
Focal adhesions act as molecular clutches that provide grip to the substrate for the lamellipodium to protrude forward during motility. (mechanobio.info)

FAK seems also to have a role in the proliferation of tumor cells by its biochemical and biological association to cytoplasmic kinases such as src and ERK. (aacrjournals.org)
Fer kinase is a member of the Fes subfamily of proteins which are cytoplasmic (or nonreceptor) tyr kinases containing an N-terminal region with FCH (Fes/Fer/CIP4 homology) and coiled-coil domains, followed by a SH2 domain, and a C-terminal catalytic domain. (umbc.edu)
The amino-acid sequence of the FERM domain is highly conserved among ERM proteins and is responsible for membrane association by direct binding to the cytoplasmic domain or tail of integral membrane proteins. (embl.de)

These results recommend early and concomitant dysregulation of HNF-1(inhibition of its transcriptional activity without loss of its proteins appearance) and its own focus on genes, aswell as genes involved with mitochondrial function and biogenesis including secreting NKT cells, neutrophils, and monocytes) through regional creation of proinflammatory cytokines, including IFN-and TNF-using IFN-or TNF-stimulation. (bms-911543.com)
However, as opposed to what seen in the AKI model, IFN-treatment induced a moderate but significant reduction in HNF-1protein manifestation (Number 2C), whereas protein levels were drastically decreased (six- to seven-fold) when gene manifestation was inhibited with an siRNA, suggesting that these conditions did not fully recapitulate the condition where HNF-1protein large quantity is probably controlled by multiple cytokines. (bms-911543.com)

Acute G q -protein activation in direct-pathway or indirect-pathway neurons produced an enhancement or a decrease, respectively, of activity-dependent parameters. (jneurosci.org)
In contrast, sustained G q -protein activation impaired the functionality of direct-pathway and indirect-pathway neurons and disrupted the behavioral performance and electroencephalography-related activity tasks controlled by either anatomical framework. (jneurosci.org)
These β-amyloid-stimulated events are not detected in CD36 null cells and are dependent on CD36 activation of Src family tyrosine kinases. (neuroprobe.com)
Rho activation is thought to generate focal adhesions and actin bundling due to increased myosin II activity. (cellmigration.org)
In the current study, we investigated the role of different extracellular matrix proteins in stellate cell proliferation, activation (alpha smooth muscle actin expression and retinoic acid uptake) and cytoglobin expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results demonstrate that cytoglobin expression is correlated with a more quiescent phenotype of stellate cells in culture and that cytoglobin is regulated by the extracellular matrix through integrin signalling dependent on activation of focal adhesion kinase. (biomedcentral.com)
By enhancing their GTPase activity, GAP proteins inactivate small Rho and Ras proteins, so inactivation of rhoGAP proteins might cause constitutive activation of their GTPase targets. (embl-heidelberg.de)
We detected PTK6 mRNA and protein expression in the immortalized normal MCF-10A human mammary gland epithelial cell line, and examined PTK6 expression and activation in a normal human breast tissue microarray, as well as in human breast tumors. (oncotarget.com)
Understanding consequences of PTK6 activation at the plasma membrane may have implications for developing novel targeted therapies against this kinase. (oncotarget.com)
Activation of Rho proteins through release of bound GDP and subsequent binding of GTP, is catalysed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) in the Dbl family. (embl-heidelberg.de)

The classical mode means that EphA2 inhibits positive signaling of ligands and tyrosine kinases, thereby suppressing tumorigenesis. (aging-us.com)

Rho proteins belong to the Ras superfamily. (biomedcentral.com)
Like all members of the Ras superfamily, the Rho proteins cycle between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound conformational states. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Proto-oncogene proteins fes are protein-tyrosine kinases with a central SH2 DOMAIN. (bvsalud.org)
Fes proto-oncogene proteins also bind TUBULIN and promote MICROTUBULE assembly. (bvsalud.org)

This family also includes Abl, Src, focal adhesion kinase and Janus kinase. (wikipedia.org)

The protein also has a role as an acute-phase protein and is active in the control of immunologic and inflammatory processes, and as a tumor marker. (lookformedical.com)
Protein Tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6/BRK) is overexpressed in the majority of human breast tumors and breast tumor cell lines. (oncotarget.com)

Scheme depicts the process of adhesion maturation. (cellmigration.org)
Focal complexes are adhesions in the early stages of maturation. (cellmigration.org)
Fibrillar adhesions represent an extreme in the maturation of adhesions and are not generally seen in migrating cells. (cellmigration.org)
The protrusions of the cell edge are shown as green arrows corresponding to points of adhesion maturation (panels 3 and 4). (mechanobio.info)

note that PP2 also inhibits other tyrosine protein kinases such as Abl, PDGFR and c-Kit. (wikipedia.org)

Protein-tyrosine phosphatases PTPN14 and PTP-D1, PTP-RL10 and PTP2E. (embl.de)

Inhibiting Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK), Protein Kinase B (PKB) and Extracellular Regulated Rotein Kinases (ERK) affects cell motility and survival. (aging-us.com)
Filopodin, a slime mold protein that binds actin and which is involved in the control of cell motility and chemotaxis. (embl.de)

It plays important roles in neuronal polarization and neurite development, cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, growth factor signaling, and the regulation of cell-cell interactions mediated by adherens junctions and focal adhesions. (umbc.edu)
Talin, a cytoskeletal protein concentrated in regions of cell-substratum contact and, in lymphocytes, of cell-cell contacts. (embl.de)

Within their GTPase domains, they share approximately 30% amino acid identity with the Ras proteins and 40-95% identity within the family. (biomedcentral.com)

Protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6, also called BRK) is a SRC-related intracellular tyrosine kinase expressed in normal epithelia and cancer. (oncotarget.com)

Growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) are upregulated to stimulate angiogenesis, while downregulation of endogenous protein inhibitors (thrombospondin 1 and interferon) disrupts the balance of physiologic angiogenesis. (cancernetwork.com)

The best-characterized molecules are Rho, which controls the stress fibers and focal adhesion formation, and Rac and Cdc42, which regulate membrane ruffling, and filopodium formation, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
The enzyme breaks down elastin, the specific protein of elastic fibers, and digests other proteins such as fibrin, hemoglobin, and albumin. (lookformedical.com)
In panel 2, some adhesions attach to stress fibers and grow in size while some disassemble (yellow with dotted outline) at the lamellipodium-lamellum boundary. (mechanobio.info)

Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. (rndsystems.com)
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (rndsystems.com)
Recombinant protein was captured through anti-DDK affinity column followed by conventional chromatography steps. (origene.com)
Affinity and binding kinetics of CPTC-MAPK1-1 antibody and full-length MAPK1 recombinant protein were measured using biolayer interferometry. (cancer.gov)
MAPK1 full length recombinant protein was amine coupled onto AR2G biosensors. (cancer.gov)
Buffer only and biosensors having no recombinant protein were used as references for background subtraction. (cancer.gov)
MAPK1 recombinant protein was amine coupled onto a Series S CM5 biosensor chip. (cancer.gov)
MAPK1 recombinant protein was coated on the plate and detected using goat anti-rabbit antibody and TMB. (cancer.gov)

Like all other GTPases, Rho proteins act as molecular switches, with an active GTP-bound form and an inactive GDP-bound form. (embl-heidelberg.de)

These adhesions generate signals that activate Rac, promoting actin polymerization and preventing myosin II engagement in the lamellipodium. (cellmigration.org)
At the lamellipodium-lamellum interface, unstable adhesions disappear and stable ones start to elongate in a centripetal fashion along the direction of actin retrograde flow. (mechanobio.info)

It encodes a membrane-associated tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in the control of cell growth. (wikipedia.org)
These findings suggest that EphA2 is a novel membrane protein with phase separation ability and is associated with ferroptosis and immune cell infiltration, which further suggests that malignant progression of colorectal cancer may be inhibited by suppressing the phase separation ability of EphA2. (aging-us.com)
In primary microglia and macrophages exposed to β-amyloid, the scaffolding protein p130Cas is rapidly tyrosine-phosphorylated and co-localizes with CD36 to membrane ruffles contemporaneous with F-actin polymerization. (neuroprobe.com)
PTK6 is expressed in the normal human mammary gland, but does not appear to be active and may have kinase-independent functions that are distinct from its cancer promoting activities at the membrane. (oncotarget.com)

Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn (p59-FYN, Slk, Syn, MGC45350, Gene ID 2534) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FYN gene. (wikipedia.org)
Prepare a 15 μL enzyme dilution with Kinase Dilution Buffer X (1X) at the desired concentration, with Kinase Dilution Buffer X (1X), in a pre-chilled 96-well plate. (rndsystems.com)
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins, including elastin. (lookformedical.com)

A structural feature that distinguishes the Rho proteins from other small GTPases is the so-called Rho insert domain located between a β strand and an α helix within the small GTPase domain [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In turn, GTP-bound active GTPases can interact with a plethora of different effectors which mediate the different cellular functions of this family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Rho-family GTPases orchestrate both of these cellular processes. (silverchair.com)
GTPase activator proteins towards Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like small GTPases. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The Rho family GTPases Rho, Rac and CDC42 regulate a diverse array of cellular processes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
It does not share significant sequence homology with other subtypes of small G-protein GEF motifs such as the Cdc25 domain and the Sec7 domain, which specifically interact with Ras and ARF family small GTPases, respectively, nor with other Rho protein interactive motifs, indicating that the Dbl family proteins are evolutionarily unique. (embl-heidelberg.de)

They also activate other kinase cascades. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Oncogenic mutations in KRAS or BRAF are frequent in colorectal cancer and activate the ERK kinase. (researchgate.net)
In healthy individuals, cryopyrin and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) interact via the oligomerization of ASC to induce both apoptosis and activate nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B. (medscape.com)

EphA2 is a member of the Eph family, and high expression of EphA2 occurs in a variety of tumors, such as liver cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancers, bladder cancer and glioblastoma, and EphA2 is a key driver of metastasis and a predictor of poor prognosis in several tumors [ 9 , 11 - 13 ]. (aging-us.com)

Changes in its DNA sequence transform it into an oncogene that leads to the formation of a different protein with implications for normal cell regulation. (wikipedia.org)

The active conformation is promoted by guanine-nucleotide exchange factors, and the inactive state by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) which stimulate the intrinsic GTPase activity of small G proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)

In this study, we performed Reverse Protein Phase Array (RPPA) analysis of murine lung cancer, which suggests that VEGFR2 protein is strongly positively regulated by MSI2. (researchgate.net)

Oligophrenin-1 encodes a rhoGAP protein involved in X-linked mental retardation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
This gene is highly expressed in fetal brain and encodes a protein of relative molecular mass 91K, named oligophrenin-1, which contains a domain typical of a Rho-GTPase-activating protein (rhoGAP). (embl-heidelberg.de)

Little is known about how the kinase activity-deficient RYKs transduce Wnt signals. (biologists.com)

Although their molecular composition is very similar to that of focal adhesions, their spatial distribution is radial, forming dot-like structures similar to 'suction cups' [14] . (cellmigration.org)

Simvastatin dose dependently inhibited THP-1 cell migration mediated by monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, with a 50% inhibitory concentration of about 50 nM. (neuroprobe.com)
Cell adhesion (the physical interaction of a cell with another cell or with the extracellular matrix (ECM)) is essential for cell migration and tissue integrity. (cellmigration.org)
Cell-matrix adhesion is the best-studied form of adhesion that mediates cell migration, and is the focus of this outline. (cellmigration.org)

Cell-cell adhesion maintains epithelial tissues, supports functional contacts between specialized cells, and can facilitate directed migration (for example, radial glia can guide neuronal progenitor cells to specific layers of the brain). (cellmigration.org)

Anatomy27

Organisms6

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs158

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes40

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Phosphorylation17

Mitogen-activa2

Cytoskeleton11

Receptors9

Residues6

Signal Transduction1

Receptor11

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kina1

Formation of focal adhesions2

Paxillin3

Serine5

Inhibitor2

Pathways3

Regulates2

Nascent adhesions6

FAKs1

Integrins1

Disassembly2

Substrate4

Cytoplasmic3

Cytokines2

Activation10

Tumorigenesis1

Superfamily2

Proto-Oncogene2

Janus1

Tumor2

Maturation4

Inhibits1

Phosphatases1

Motility2

Cytoskeletal2

Amino acid1

Intracellular1

Inhibitors1

Fibers3

Recombinant protein8

Active GTP-bound1

Lamellipodium2

Membrane4

Enzyme3

GTPases6

Activate3

EPHA21

Regulation1

Stimulate1

LUNG CANCER1

Encodes2

Transduce1

Molecular1

Cell migration3

Epithelial1