• Over the past 530 million years, the vertebrate lineage branched out from a primitive jawless fish wriggling through Cambrian seas to encompass all the diverse forms of fish, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. (sciencedaily.com)
  • New regulatory elements affecting transcription factors peaked in our early vertebrate ancestors 500 million years ago, then declined steadily to background levels by the time mammals evolved. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In mammals and many higher vertebrates, each muscle fiber typically has a single synaptic site innervated by a single motor axon branch. (intechopen.com)
  • I am a palaeontologist and evolutionary biologist who studies the anatomy, phylogeny, and evolution of fossil vertebrates, particularly dinosaurs, birds, and mammals. (lu.se)
  • The taxonomy of Hominidae, the family comprising bipedal primate mammals, which includes humans, has been updated for 2005. (bvsalud.org)
  • We also conducted supertree analyses of a phylogenomic dataset of 1,955 candidate orthologous genes among five caecilian species and other major lineages of vertebrates, with the inferred tree being in agreement with current views of vertebrate evolution and systematics. (ucm.es)
  • These results provide a framework for continuing research on nos genes' roles, highlighting subfunctionalization and reciprocal loss of function that occurred in different lineages during vertebrate genome duplications. (nsf.gov)
  • Here, we review the evolution of the developmental association of neural crest and placodes from the perspective of the jawless (cyclostome or "agnathan") vertebrate lineage. (frontiersin.org)
  • Among such animals, the caecilians (order Gymnophiona) likely constitute the least known group of vertebrates, despite being an old and remarkably distinct lineage of amphibians. (ucm.es)
  • However, there is now a growing body of evidence to suggest that kiss2 , the paralogous gene for kiss1 , evolved in parallel during vertebrate lineage, and the kiss2 product also activates the GPR54 (kisspeptin receptor) signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • Most of the changes that have happened during vertebrate evolution, as animals acquired new body plans and features like feathers and hair, were not the result of new genes but of new regulatory elements that turn genes on and off in different patterns," Haussler said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • ANNOUNCEMENT ================================================================================ HOVERGEN Homologous Vertebrate Genes Data Base Release 6 (May 9 1994) from GenBank Release 82 (April 15 1994) ================================================================================ The new release is available by anonymous FTP at biom3.univ-lyon1.fr (134.214.100.42) in the directory /pub/hovergen HOVERGEN is a database of homologous vertebrate genes. (bio.net)
  • HOVERGEN allows one to easily select sets of homologous genes among a given set of vertebrate species. (bio.net)
  • This graphical tool gives thus a rapid and simple access to all data necessary to interpret homology relationships between genes: phylogenetic trees of gene families, taxonomy, GenBank information and protein multiple alignments. (bio.net)
  • In Vertebrates, three Nanos paralogous genes were described. (nature.com)
  • In Vertebrates, Nanos paralogous genes were associated to partial redundancies and specific functional evolutions. (nature.com)
  • We identified vertebrate homologous elements of caecilian functional genes of varying tissue specificity that reveal a great number of unclassified gene families, especially for the skin. (ucm.es)
  • Our study provides insights into the evolution of vertebrate protein-coding genes, and a basis for future research on the molecular elements underlying the particular biology and adaptations of caecilian amphibians. (ucm.es)
  • Understanding whether novel genes lead to the origin and diversification of novel cell types, therefore, is of great importance in vertebrate evolution. (nsf.gov)
  • The mitochondrial solute carrier genes (SLC25) are highly conserved during vertebrate evolution. (uniba.it)
  • On the other hand, it has been generally accepted in evolutionary biology that genes duplicated from a single gene in the ancestral vertebrate undergo sub-functionalization, neo-functionalization, or non-functionalization ( Ohno, 1970 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Despite the significance of this developmental feat, its evolutionary origins have remained unclear, owing largely to the fact that there has been little comparative (evolutionary) work done on this topic between the jawed vertebrates and cyclostomes-the jawless lampreys and hagfishes. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we briefly summarize the developmental mechanisms and genetics of neural crest and placodes in both jawed and jawless vertebrates. (frontiersin.org)
  • To test this, we explored the diversity of fibrillar collagens in lamprey, a jawless vertebrate which diverged from jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) more than five hundred million years ago and has undergone its own gene duplications. (nsf.gov)
  • The two successive nanos gene duplications may result from the second and third whole genome duplication events at the basis of Vertebrates and Teleosts respectively. (nature.com)
  • family Bunyaviridae , genus Phlebovirus ) is an emerging public health threat in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Vertebrate microfossils were identified to the most specific taxonomic level possible, usually to the family or genus level. (confex.com)
  • All living species of loons are members of one genus ( Gavia ) in a family ( Gaviidae ), and order ( Gaviiformes ) all of their own. (earthlife.net)
  • Overview of Filarial Nematode Infections Filarioidea are a superfamily of threadlike, parasitic worms, with numerous families, genus, and species. (msdmanuals.com)
  • RVF virus belongs to the Bunyaviridae family, genus Phlebovirus ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The taxonomy of the vertebrates presented by John Zachary Young in The Life of Vertebrates (1962) is a system of classification with emphasis on this group of animals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Placodermi, armoured jawed fishes of the Silurian to Devonian periods (430-360 million years old), are an entirely extinct major group of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). (plos.org)
  • Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , 4 , 330-343. (palass.org)
  • Corresponding author/current address: Vertebrate Paleontology Lab, J. J. Pickle Research Campus, 10100 Burnet Rd. Bldg. 6, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78758, U.S.A. (bioone.org)
  • Krister T. Smith and Marie-Cé Line Buchy "A New Aigialosaur (Squamata: Anguimorpha) with Soft Tissue Remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Nuevo León, Mexico," Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28(1), 85-94, (1 March 2008). (bioone.org)
  • Neural crest and placodes are key innovations of the vertebrate clade. (frontiersin.org)
  • At the family level, maximal clade diversity is achieved through increased sympatry of member species, i.e. packing of related species within a single geographic area. (datadryad.org)
  • Although BBAP has a unique N terminus, the C-terminal region is highly homologous to that of DTX family members. (nih.gov)
  • Now researchers combing through the DNA sequences of vertebrate genomes have identified three distinct periods of evolutionary innovation that accompanied this remarkable diversification. (sciencedaily.com)
  • They found three broad categories of evolutionary innovations in gene regulation that increased in frequency during different periods in vertebrate evolution. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The findings also provide the first indication of distinct phases in vertebrate molecular evolution, with changes in different types of biological processes dominating during different periods of evolutionary history. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This finding prompted us to explore nos gene evolution, surveying vertebrate species representing key evolutionary nodes. (nsf.gov)
  • As a result of these evolutionary dynamics, the general nucleotide composition at each position has remained relatively conserved throughout vertebrates. (uniba.it)
  • Gonadotropin releasing hormone in the primitive vertebrate family Myxinidae: reproductive neuroanatomy and evolutionary aspects. (nel.edu)
  • The family Myxinidae embraces all hagfish species, and occupies an evolutionary niche intermediate between ancestral vertebrates and the. (nel.edu)
  • Sills E, Palermo G. Gonadotropin releasing hormone in the primitive vertebrate family Myxinidae: reproductive neuroanatomy and evolutionary aspects. (nel.edu)
  • Among my research interests are building large family trees of extinct species, understanding major evolutionary transitions (when organisms drastically change their body plans and expand into new environments), and using computed tomography scanning to study the biology and behaviours of extinct species. (lu.se)
  • Our study opens new perspectives concerning the complex evolution of nanos1 paralogs and their potential distinct roles in Vertebrates gonads. (nature.com)
  • Vertebrates have distinct tissues which are not present in invertebrate chordates nor other metazoans. (nsf.gov)
  • Vast arrays of vertebrate and invertebrate creatures can envenomate humans. (medscape.com)
  • This article focuses on the more than 600 members of the invertebrate Conidae family of the phylum Mollusca and the class Gastropoda (ie, the cone snails). (medscape.com)
  • Vertebrate Zoology, 66 (2): 125-140. (eol.org)
  • In particular, the earliest and most primitive placoderms have great potential to illuminate the evolution of jawed vertebrate traits. (plos.org)
  • Here we were particularly interested in the evolution of the vertebrate musculoskeletal system, the muscles and connective tissues that support a diversity of body plans. (nsf.gov)
  • Temporal changes in speciation rate were compared against family diversity as well as the mean and maximum number of overlapping familial ranges. (datadryad.org)
  • Hundreds of new species of fossil plants, insects, spiders, and vertebrates were described as a result of Hill's work with scientists. (nps.gov)
  • I have done fieldwork with colleagues around the world and have described over 20 new species of fossil vertebrates. (lu.se)
  • This implies that placoderms may be uniquely informative about the evolution of gnathostome body architecture, the single most dramatic morphological transformation in vertebrate evolution and a key step in our own ancestry. (plos.org)
  • These cells arise within the dorsal ectoderm of all vertebrate embryos and have the developmental potential to form many of the morphological novelties within the vertebrate head. (frontiersin.org)
  • The vertebrate head is a complex tapestry of morphological features woven together during embryonic development from a varied array of specialized cell types. (frontiersin.org)
  • [2] However, the 5th edition of Fishes of the World still classifies these as separate families, [3] and at least one 2008 study suggests that even the narrow Aplocheilidae may not be monophyletic, with Aplocheilus itself possibly being basal to all other Cyprinodontiforms and thus only distantly related to the younger Pachypanchax . (eol.org)
  • Family-group names of Recent fishes. (eol.org)
  • Christopher J. Raxworthy's research focuses on Old World reptile and amphibian systematics and biogeography, especially the study of family relationships among species of chameleons. (amnh.org)
  • We then discuss recent studies on the role of neural crest and placodes-and their developmental association-in the head of lamprey embryos, and how comparisons with jawed vertebrates can provide insights into the causes and consequences of this event in early vertebrate evolution. (frontiersin.org)
  • Protein multiple alignments and phylogenetic trees have been calculated for each family. (bio.net)
  • We annotated several protein domains for those unknown candidate gene families to investigate their function. (ucm.es)
  • The ALX3 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is a member of the homeobox protein family. (medlineplus.gov)
  • HOVERGEN is particularly useful for: - comparative sequence analysis - phylogeny - molecular evolution studies More generaly, HOVERGEN gives an overall view of what is known about a particular gene family. (bio.net)
  • Interestingly, either kiss1 or kiss2 or both have been lost during evolution in many vertebrate species, and the functional significance of kiss1 or kiss2 for the central regulation of reproduction is suggested to vary according to the species. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we argue that the steroid sensitivity of the kiss1 or kiss2 neurons has been well conserved during evolution among tetrapods and teleosts, and thus it may be the key to understanding the functional homologies of certain populations of kisspeptin ( kiss1 or kiss2 ) neurons among different species of vertebrates. (frontiersin.org)
  • McGonnell IM, Graham A, Richardson J, Fish JL, Depew MJ, Dee CT, Holland PW, Takahashi T. Evolution of the Alx homeobox gene family: parallel retention and independent loss of the vertebrate Alx3 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Kinetoplastid parasites are common in many vertebrate species including fish and humans. (ucc.ie)
  • Their definitive hosts are vertebrates, but only a few filarial species infect humans. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A unified nomenclature for vertebrate olfactory receptors. (jax.org)
  • Some authorities use this family-group name, which is well-established, for a single lumped aplocheiloid family as it gives the nomenclature stability over time and avoids the impact of a new name at family rank for a popular aquarium fish group. (eol.org)
  • Some of the principal components of vertebrate hyaline cartilage are the fibrillar collagens type II and XI, but their presence in cartilage development across all vertebrate taxa has been disputed. (nsf.gov)
  • Thus, to understand the origin of the vertebrates is to understand how these cell populations became developmentally and evolutionarily coupled in our earliest vertebrate ancestors. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the present review, we will first introduce recent advances in the study of steroid sensitive kiss1 and kiss2 systems in vertebrates and effects of peptide administrations in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • HOVERGEN corresponds to all nuclear vertebrate sequences of GenBank, with some data corrected, clarified, or completed, notably to address the problem of redundancy. (bio.net)
  • Coding sequences have been classified in gene families. (bio.net)
  • Because HRTV has yet to be isolated from any wild or domestic animals, the question of vertebrate reservoir(s) remains unanswered. (cdc.gov)
  • We describe shared and derived patterns of neural crest and placode development in these animals and compare them to well-studied examples from traditional jawed vertebrate model systems. (frontiersin.org)
  • Learn about Marine Vertebrate Animals. (acsedu.com)
  • Female mosquitoes, however, drink blood from vertebrate animals. (mo.gov)
  • The Nanos proteins family regroups highly conserved RNA-binding proteins in higher eukaryotes implicated in germ cell development and maintenance. (nature.com)
  • Herein, we report that BBAP and the human family of DTX proteins (DTX1, DTX2, and DTX3) function as E3 ligases based on their capacity for self-ubiquitination. (nih.gov)
  • The purpose of this Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) is to support research that tests interventions or services to prevent substance misuse or use disorder among youth, caregivers (including foster parents), and/or families involved in, or with risk for involvement in the child welfare system. (nih.gov)
  • The depositional environment is interpreted as a continental wetland based on the palynoflora, which includes several hydrophilic taxa, together with sparse occurrences of fresh-water algae, such as Ovoidites, and the absence of marine palynomorphs.Although the coprolites of Ariño samples generally are dominated by pollen produced by Taxodiaceae (cypress) and Cheirolepidiaceae (a family of extinct conifers), the sediment samples have a slightly higher relative abundance of fern spores. (lu.se)
  • Hyenas (or hyaenas) are African and Asian dog-like carnivores in the family Hyaenidae, order Carnivora, the order that also includes the dogs, cats, seals, and bears. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Aplocheilidae , the Asian killifishes or Asian rivulines , is a family of fish in the order Cyprinodontiformes found in Asia . (eol.org)
  • Based on phylogenetic and synteny analyses, this study reveals that nanos1 gene has undergone multiple duplications and gene copies losses in Vertebrates. (nature.com)
  • Settlements offered pathogens not only host density but also opportunities for their vertebrate reservoirs and arthropod vectors to cohabitate with us. (cdc.gov)
  • Placoderms are considered as the first jawed vertebrates and constitute a paraphyletic group in the stem-gnathostome grade. (plos.org)
  • We thus asked whether the repertoire of fibrillar collagens in vertebrates reflects differences in the musculoskeletal system. (nsf.gov)
  • Note that this announcement, RFA-DA-24-012, and the companion announcement, RFA-DA-24-011 , both support research to prevent substance use among children and families involved in the child welfare system. (nih.gov)
  • Cloning and subcellular localization of apr-1--a new gene of tumor specific antigen family]. (nih.gov)
  • In combination with the mouse model, this study supports a role for ARHGAP35 in vertebrate ocular development. (nature.com)
  • Coprolites from the Early Cretaceous vertebrate bone-bed at Ariño in Teruel, Spain, were analyzed geochemically and palynologically. (lu.se)
  • Comparative morphology and classification of South American cynopoeciline killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae), with notes on family-group names used for aplocheiloids. (eol.org)
  • The micro-ophthalmia related phenotypes observed in three families are consistent with those reported in the mouse model. (nature.com)
  • DTX family members homodimerize and heterodimerize in vivo, suggesting that physical interactions between various DTX family members modify E3 activity and/or substrate availability. (nih.gov)
  • This gene is a member of the KIF27 (kinesin 4) sub-family of the mammalian kinesin family. (nih.gov)
  • Downregulation of MAGE family member H1 enhances hepatocellular carcinoma progression and serves as a biomarker for patient prognosis. (nih.gov)
  • Timid, social birds, waxbills are typically found in small flocks but may sometimes descend upon a field en masse. (factmonster.com)
  • White-fronted bee-eaters have one of the most complex family-based social systems found in birds. (wikipedia.org)
  • The realisation of robust gene drive strategies in vertebrate pests has the potential to revolutionise biocontrol. (mdpi.com)
  • Providing prevention services to child welfare-involved youth and families has the potential to reduce near-term and multigenerational risk for substance misuse and use disorders. (nih.gov)
  • Members of the DTX (Deltex) family act as Notch signaling modifiers and may also regulate transcription through interactions with specific transcription factors. (nih.gov)