Family amino acid isomerases. Medical search. Frequent questions

The peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerase (PPIase) class of proteins is traditionally comprised of three distinct protein families, the cyclophilins (cyclosporin A binding proteins), FKBPs (FK506 binding proteins) and parvulins, that are linked by their shared ability to catalyse the bond preceding a proline residue between its cis and trans forms. (biomedcentral.com)

Parvulins compose a family of small peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PPIases) involved in protein folding and protein quality control. (birmingham.ac.uk)
The observed catalytic tetrad is strikingly conserved in Pin1- and parvulin-type proteins and hence constitutes a common feature of small peptidyl prolyl isomerases. (birmingham.ac.uk)
Members of a family of highly conserved proteins which are all cis-trans peptidyl-prolyl isomerases (PEPTIDYLPROLYL ISOMERASE). (bvsalud.org)

They contribute to many crucial metabolic processes such as fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis of ether lipids and free radical detoxification. (genome.jp)
Correlation analysis showed that DOX-induced HF mainly affected phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and other metabolic pathways, suggesting abnormal amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and glycerol phospholipid metabolism. (frontiersin.org)
four CYP450s, three methyltransferases and three isomerases were identified as the candidates most likely to be involved in the later steps of RIN and IRN biosynthesis. (biomedcentral.com)

l-amino acid oxidases (LAOs, 8−11%), c-type lectins/lectin-like (CTLs, 7−9%) protein families, and many newly detected ones, e.g., renin-like aspartic proteases (RLAPs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases (PPIs), and venom vasodilator peptides (VVPs). (uni-giessen.de)
Dermorphin is not found in humans or other mammals and similar D-amino acid peptides have only been found in bacteria, amphibians and molluscs. (peptidesworldwide.com)

Ketomethylthiobutyrate is finally transaminated by an aminotransferase that exists usually as a broad specificity enzyme (often able to transaminate aromatic aminoacid keto-acid precursors or histidinol-phosphate). (biomedcentral.com)
The aromatic amino acid pathway (AAAP) branches from the central carbon metabolism (CCM) by the aldolic condensation of erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), being present in bacteria and plants. (biomedcentral.com)
The AAAP is responsible for the production of aromatic amino acids and aromatic vitamins. (biomedcentral.com)

Peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA), also known as cyclophilin A (CypA) or rotamase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPIA gene on chromosome 7. (wikipedia.org)

As a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) family, this protein catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds, which allows it to regulate many biological processes, including intracellular signaling, transcription, inflammation, and apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
This gene encodes a member of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) family. (wikipedia.org)
The peptidyl-prolyl cis / trans isomerase (PPIase) class of proteins is present in all known eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and archaea, and it is comprised of three member families that share the ability to catalyze the cis / trans isomerisation of a prolyl bond. (biomedcentral.com)
Given this data, we would hypothesize that: (i) the evolution of the fungal PPIases is driven, at least in part, by the size of the proteome, (ii) evolutionary pressures differ both between the different PPIase families and the different fungi, and (iii) whilst the cyclophilins and parvulins have evolved to perform conserved functions, the FKBPs have evolved to perform more variable roles. (biomedcentral.com)
Despite their shared conservation throughout nature, the three traditional PPIase families do not share a conserved role in cell viability. (biomedcentral.com)
PPIH is a part of the peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) family. (abeomics.com)

Chalcone isomerase an important class of enzyme presents crucial role during flavonoid metabolism in many plants. (springeropen.com)
The α-amylase family was originally created early in 1990s based on several crucial scientific observations, pioneering discoveries and efforts, such as sharing sequence similarities among different α-glucan-active enzymes within the same predicted fold of their catalytic domain, identifying the functionally versatile enzyme named neopullulanase and creating the classification of glycoside hydrolases (GHs) into sequence-based families. (or.jp)
The main α-amylase family GH13 with more than 54 thousand sequences and about 30 different enzyme specificities belongs to the largest GH families. (or.jp)
In comparison with GH13, the second α-amylase family GH57 is a smaller family with only about 2,000 members and less than 10 enzyme specificities. (or.jp)
At present the α-amylase enzyme family covers 27 different enzyme specificities from hydrolases (EC 3), transferases (EC 2) and isomerases (EC 5). (go.jp)
The two molecules acetyl-CoA (from one molecule of glucose) then enter the citric acid cycle, producing two molecules of ATP, six more NADH molecules and two reduced (ubi)quinones (via FADH2 as enzyme-bound cofactor), and releasing the remaining carbon atoms as carbon dioxide. (3dresearchspecs.com)
Examination of DsbC homologues from Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Erwinia chrysanthemi, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Vibrio cholerae (30-70% sequence identity with the Escherichia coli enzyme) revealed that the mechanism responsible for avoiding oxidation by DsbB is a general property of DsbC family enzymes. (elsevierpure.com)
The first, ubiquitous, enzyme of the pathway, MtnA (methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase), belongs to a family of proteins related to eukaryotic intiation factor 2B alpha. (biomedcentral.com)
The encoded enzyme is a hydroperoxide isomerase that synthesizes a unique type of epoxy alcohol (8R-hydroxy-11R,12R-epoxyeicosa-5Z,9E,14Z-trienoic acid) from 12R-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12R-HPETE). (prosci-inc.com)

The members of the α-amylase family GH13 employ a retaining reaction mechanism, share 4-7 conserved sequence regions (CSRs) and adopt a TIM-barrel domain with the GH13 catalytic machinery. (or.jp)
Currently, the family is divided into 42 GH13 subfamilies, for which unique features in their amino acid sequences, i.e. sequence fingerprints, can be identified to be responsible for their individual specificities. (or.jp)
They belong to the three glycoside hydrolase Families 13, 70 and 77, forming a clan GH-H in the frame of the sequence-based classification of glycosidases. (go.jp)
The proteins without catalytic function that exhibit clear sequence similarities to the enzymes from the α-amylase Family 13 are the main subject of this article. (go.jp)
Such sequence information can address not only this question but also many others related to the influence of selection on gene families. (biomedcentral.com)
The derived amino acid sequence of Ov-phy-1 encoded a peptide that was most similar to the two Caenorhabditis elegans prolyl 4-hydroxylase homologues and to the isoform II enzymes of vertebrates. (embl.de)
A synthetic peptide corresponding to a sequence within amino acids 250-350 of human HSD3B1 (P14060). (thermofisher.com)
Recombinant fusion protein containing a sequence corresponding to amino acids 1-280 of human ALOXE3 (NP_067641.2). (prosci-inc.com)
Furthermore, using sequence analysis of human genomic DNA, researchers concluded that the amino acids important for catalysis by COX-1 are conserved and are equally important for catalysis by COX-2. (medscape.com)

In addition to enzymes from hydrolases, transferases and isomerases, it contains also some non-enzymatic proteins involved in amino acid transport. (or.jp)
Finally, it is probable that the specificity of α-amylase is present also in the family GH126, although biochemical evidence is still unclear with regard to the endo- vs. exo-mode of action of the only characterized "amylase" from Clostridium perfringens, which, moreover, exhibits a structural homology with β-glucan-active enzymes employing inverting reaction mechanism. (or.jp)
In addition to GH families reflecting classification based on catalytic domains, the so-called starch-binding domains of amylolytic enzymes classified among more than 10 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) families, like CBM20, CBM21 and others, has attracted scientific interest, too. (or.jp)
There is also a glycoside hydrolase Family 57 containing some α-amylases and related enzymes especially from hyperextremophiles, which however, have sequences, according to present knowledge, unrelated to those from the main Family 13. (go.jp)
They are the mammalian proteins inducing transport of dibasic and neutral amino acids across cell membranes and the mammalian 4F2 heavy-chain cell surface antigens, i.e ., proteins without any functional relatedness to amylolytic enzymes. (go.jp)
Nevertheless, from the structural and evolutionary points of view, these proteins may form with the enzymes common to the α-amylase protein family. (go.jp)
Recent studies showed that α-glucosidases could be divided into two groups, family I and family II, in which family I enzymes belong to the α-amylase family. (go.jp)
The enzymes that dephosphorylate these three amino acids are classified into four groups on the basis of specific catalytic signatures/domain sequences and substrate preference. (ac.be)
Additionally, 193 cytochrome P450 (CYP450), 280 methyltransferase and 144 isomerase genes were identified, that are potential candidates for enzymes involved in RIN and IRN synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)

A number of amino acids in the catalytic cavity are highly conserved, but their precise role within the catalytic mechanism is unknown. (birmingham.ac.uk)

14733) putative transcriptional regulator%2C AsnC family CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0015 complement(14711. (go.jp)

These techniques allowed for the discovery and detailed analysis of many molecules and metabolic pathways of the cell, such as glycolysis and the Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle), and led to an understanding of biochemistry on a molecular level. (3dresearchspecs.com)
In this work, a modeling approach was applied to describe the physiological behavior and the metabolic fluxes of a shikimic acid overproducing Escherichia coli strain lacking the major glucose transport system, grown on complex media. (biomedcentral.com)
This information was then used for an improved fed-batch process designed to preserve the metabolic conditions that were found to enhance shikimic acid productivity. (biomedcentral.com)
The combination of dynamic metabolic modeling and experimental parameter response surfaces was a successful approach to understand and predict the behavior of a shikimic acid producing strain under variable substrate concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)

The first product in this stepwise condensation manner is naringenin chalcone, which is then undergoing isomerization via chalcone isomerase ( CHI ) to form naringenin (Fig. 1 ). (springeropen.com)

A previous in silico analysis has suggested that the third α-amylase family GH119 should share the CSRs, catalytic machinery and fold of the catalytic domain with the family GH57. (or.jp)
This paper focusing on the difference in the α-glucosidase families reviews the structural information including the catalytic amino acid residues of nucleophile and acid/base catalyst, the recognition of substrate molecule, and the intermediate in the transition state of hydrolytic reaction. (go.jp)
Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a widely expressed family of protein phosphatases made of a core dimer, composed of a catalytic (C) subunit and a structural (A) subunit, in association with a third variable regulatory (B) subunit. (ac.be)

This cupin signature is found as a central component of many microbial proteins including certain types of phosphomannose isomerase, polyketide synthase, epimerase, and dioxygenase. (embl-heidelberg.de)

unpublished data), may indicate a shared early evolutionary history for the cyclophilin and FKBP families. (biomedcentral.com)
They share a common 109 amino acid cyclophilin-like domain (CLD) and additional domains unique to each member of the family. (embl.de)

Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of two vicilins, seed proteins with a characteristic beta-barrel core, led to the identification of a small number of conserved residues and thence to the discovery of several microbial proteins which share these key amino acids. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Furthermore, we identified and characterized methylated, acetylated, and oxidized proteoforms relating to the PLA2 and disintegrin toxin families and the site of their modifications. (uni-giessen.de)

[ 5 ] These defects were largely problems in the catabolism of lipids and amino acids or in the rapid breakdown of glycogen. (medscape.com)

4 While proteins can be phosphorylated on nine amino acids, serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation are by far the most predominant in eukaryotic cells. (ac.be)

Here, we isolated the full-length cDNA (1161 bp) of a novel Chalcone Isomerase from safflower encoding 217 amino acid polypeptide using oligos from 5′ and 3′ ends. (springeropen.com)
PPIH Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain (a.a 2-177) containing 186 amino acids and including a 10 a.a N-terminal His tag. (abeomics.com)

solute carrier family 20 member 1 [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Experiments revealed that lipids belonging to the classes of PC (phosphatidylcholines), SM (sphingomyelins), PE (phosphatidylethanolamines), PS (phosphatidylserines), PA (phosphatidic acids), and TG (triglycerides) are present in the venom gland. (uni-giessen.de)

Therefore, COX - also known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), fatty acid COX, prostaglandin H (PGH) synthase, and EC 1.14.99.1 - is implicated in the production of fever, inflammation, and pain. (medscape.com)
Their distinct biosynthetic activity includes an endoperoxidase synthase reaction that oxygenates and cyclizes polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors (eg, arachidonic acid) to form prostaglandin G 2 (PGG2), and a peroxidase reaction that converts PGG2 to prostaglandin H 2 (PGH2), as shown below. (medscape.com)

protein_coding" "AAC73139","fkpB","Escherichia coli","FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (rotamase) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
FKBP-type peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
FKBP prolyl isomerase 1A [Source:HGNC Sym. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Aside from the genetic material of the cell, nucleic acids often play a role as second messengers, as well as forming the base molecule for adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy-carrier molecule found in all living organisms. (3dresearchspecs.com)

the fractions per nucleotide site, first, of synonymous (silent) nucleotide substitutions, and K s , second, of non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions (which change the encoded amino acid), K a (see Box 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
If a duplicate gene pair shows a K a /K s ratio of about 1, that is, if amino-acid replacement substitutions occur at the same rate as synonymous substitutions, then few or no amino-acid replacement substitutions have been eliminated since the gene duplication. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent duplicates appear to tolerate more replacement amino-acid substitutions than older duplicates, however. (biomedcentral.com)
For duplicates that differ at less than 5% of synonymous sites, between one in two and one in three substitutions are amino-acid replacement substitutions. (biomedcentral.com)
In the case of some hemoglobin variants, demonstrating substitutions of one or another amino acid was actually possible. (medscape.com)

In order to further delineate the molecular pathology of autosomal recessive cataracts, we investigated a consanguineous family with nuclear pulverulent cataracts and identified a novel germline CRYBB1 mutation. (molvis.org)

It is worth noting that we have found the key upstream target of DOX-induced HF, PTP1B, which inhibits the expression of HIF-1α by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRS, leading to disorders of fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis, which together with the decrease of Nrf2, SOD, Cytc, and AK4 proteins lead to oxidative stress. (frontiersin.org)
Deficiencies of this isoenzyme primarily effect bile acid metabolism and may present with cholestasis, hepatomegaly, steatorrhea, failure to thrive, and low serum levels of the fat soluble vitamins A, E, and D. (medscape.com)

The obtained flux distributions indicate the presence of high fluxes through the pentose phosphate and Entner-Doudoroff pathways, which could limit the availability of erythrose-4-phosphate for shikimic acid production even with high flux redirection through the pentose phosphate pathway. (biomedcentral.com)

A family of inhibitory proteins which bind to the REL PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS and modulate their activity. (bvsalud.org)

protein_coding" "AAC73627","ppiB","Escherichia coli","peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B (rotamase B) [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Both model sets provided information that could be applied to enhance shikimic acid production on an engineered shikimic acid overproducing Escherichia coli strain. (biomedcentral.com)

This gene is a member of the lipoxygenase family, which are catabolized by arachidonic acid-derived compounds. (prosci-inc.com)
By 1964, after recognition of this basic structure, Bergstrom and colleagues successfully synthesized series 2 prostaglandins from arachidonic acid using sheep seminal fluid. (medscape.com)
Further investigations by Smith concluded that aspirin and indomethacin inhibited synthesis by specifically blocking oxygenation of arachidonic acid. (medscape.com)
Cyclooxygenase conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandin H2 (PGH2). (medscape.com)

RAB31, member RAS oncogene family [Source. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Two decades later, the prostaglandins were deduced to be a family of related compounds that contain 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids with a cyclopentane ring, as depicted below. (medscape.com)

Safflower has been valued historically for its abundant Flavonoids content, fatty acids, various phenolic compounds, and lignin product (Dai et al. (springeropen.com)
Two compounds, Compound 1 (1,4-dihydrophenanthrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid) and Compound 5 [8-(N-butyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl)-1,4-dihydrophenathrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid], with comparable potencies in vivo, were chosen to investigate the effect of the inhibition of the hydroxylation of newly synthesized uterine collagen on the turnover of this protein in vivo. (embl.de)

serpin family E member 1 [Source:HGNC Sym. (gsea-msigdb.org)

46] Examples of protein structures from the Protein Data Bank Members of a protein family, as represented by the structures of the isomerase domains Ingested proteins are usually broken up into single amino acids or dipeptides in the small intestine and then absorbed. (3dresearchspecs.com)

the E-value for the Pro_isomerase domain shown below is 7.1e-13. (embl.de)
Mur ligase family, Mur ligase middle domain [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
The 0.8 Å crystal structure of the prolyl isomerase domain of parvulin Par14 shows the electron density of hydrogen atoms between the D74, H42, H123, and T118 side chains. (birmingham.ac.uk)
A domain family that is part of the cupin metalloenzyme superfamily. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Evidence of domain swapping within the jumonji family of transcription factors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
We show that the resistance of DsbC to oxidation by DsbB is abolished by deletions of one or more amino acids within the α-helix that connects the N-terminal dimerization domain with the C-terminal thioredoxin domain. (elsevierpure.com)
The first step involves cleavage of the extracellular, amino-terminal domain of beta APP. (thermofisher.com)

subunit alpha of MPP mitochondrial signal peptidase heterodimer","protein_coding" "Zm00001e017599_P001","No alias","Zea mays","Protein disulfide isomerase-like 2-2 OS=Oryza sativa subsp. (ntu.edu.sg)

Abeta peptide is 40-43 amino acids long and generated from the beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP) in a two-step process. (thermofisher.com)
This resulted in a 40% increase in the shikimic acid titer (60 g/L) and 70% increase in volumetric productivity (2.45 gSA/L*h), while preserving yields, compared to the batch process. (biomedcentral.com)

He localized the biologic activity to a fraction of lipid soluble acids that he termed "prostaglandin," hypothesizing that these substances originate in the prostate gland. (medscape.com)

The JmjN and JmjC domains are two non-adjacent domains which have been identified in the jumonji family of transcription factors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
The transcription of COX-1 yields a 2.7-kilobase (kb) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that encodes a 576-residue, 65-kd protein. (medscape.com)

42329 iron %28metal%29 dependent repressor%2C DtxR family CP001857 CDS Arcpr_0049 complement(42326. (go.jp)

PPIA is an 18 kDa, 165-amino acid long cytosolic protein. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy1

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Binding proteins1

Peptidyl prolyl isomerases3

Biosynthesis3

Peptides2

Aromatic3

Peptidylprolyl Isomerase1

PPIase6

Enzyme9

Sequence9

Enzymes9

Highly conserved1

Putative1

Metabolic4

Isomerization1

Catalytic3

Epimerase1

Cyclophilin2

Residues1

Identified and characterized1

Catabolism1

Serine1

Polypeptide2

Solute carrie1

Lipids1

Synthase2

FKBP3

Nucleic1

Substitutions5

Mutation1

Metabolism2

Pathway1

Bind1

Escherichia2

Arachidonic4

Oncogene family1

Prostaglandins1

Compounds2

Member1

Protein family1

Domain7

Alias1

Process2

Activity1

Transcription2

Repressor1

Long1