• Aside from binding to membranes, the activated FERM domain of ERM proteins can also bind the guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor of Rho GTPase (RhoDGI), which suggests that in addition to functioning as a cross-linker, ERM proteins may influence Rho signalling pathways. (embl.de)
  • The second class are known as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) and these promote hydrolysis of GTP to GDP (via the intrinsic GTPase activity of the G protein) thus terminating RhoG-mediated signalling. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which promote the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP, GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) which increase the GTP hydrolysis activity, and GDP dissociation inhibitors which inhibit the dissociation of the nucleotide from the GTPase. (novusbio.com)
  • The spatio-temporal activation and inactivation of these small GTPases is tightly controlled by a complex interconnected network of different regulatory proteins, including guanine-nucleotide-exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), and guaninenucleotide- dissociation inhibitors (GDIs). (elsevierpure.com)
  • The mutual exclusion of GTPase activities, especially that of RhoA and Rac1, which is well established, provides a mechanism through which polarity complexes that act through distinct Rho GTPases function as cellular rheostats to finetune specific downstream pathways to differentiate and preserve the apical and basolateral domains. (elsevierpure.com)
  • A common theme of these processes is a dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton which has now emerged as a major switch control mainly carried out by Rho and Rac GTPase subfamilies, playing an acknowledged role in adaptation of cell motility to the microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conversely, in amoeboid movement cells have a rounded morphology, the movement is independent from proteases but requires high Rho GTPase to drive elevated levels of actomyosin contractility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A structural feature that distinguishes the Rho proteins from other small GTPases is the so-called Rho insert domain located between a β strand and an α helix within the small GTPase domain [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Typically Rho proteins are 190-250 residues long and consist only of the GTPase domain and short terminal C-terminal extensions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Within their GTPase domains, they share approximately 30% amino acid identity with the Ras proteins and 40-95% identity within the family. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rho GTPase effectors are a large group of proteins and include actin nucleation promoting molecules, adaptors, as well as kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two factors concur to determine specific Rho GTPase function: tissue specificity of GTPase effectors and distinct intracellular localizations of closely related Rho GTPases, due to different lipid modifications [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rho GTPase activating protein 32 [Sour. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Loss of the Ras GTPase-activating protein neurofibromin promotes nervous system tumor pathogenesis in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, specific localization patterns of GEFs and GTPase-activating proteins, and a molecular network of their regulation underlie the spatiotemporal control of Rho GTPases activities in the cells. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a specific effector of the Rho GTPase Cdc42, is activated by HGF, and we have previously shown that activated PAK4 induces a loss of both actin stress fibres and focal adhesions. (silverchair.com)
  • The first are known as Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and these facilitate the exchange of GDP for GTP so as to promote subsequent RhoG-mediated signalling. (wikipedia.org)
  • The dynamic regulation of G protein signalling is necessarily complex and the 130 or more GEFs, GAPs and GDIs described thus far for the Rho family are considered to be the primary determinants of their spatiotemporal activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • This pathway involves RhoG-dependent activation of Rac via the DOCK (dedicator of cytokinesis)-family of GEFs. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this Commentary, we focus on current understanding on how polarity complexes interact with GEFs and GAPs to control the precise location and activation of Rho GTPases (Crumbs for RhoA, Par for Rac1, and Scribble for Cdc42) to promote apical-basal polarization in mammalian epithelial cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The exchange of GDP to GTP and thus the activation of Rho GTPases is catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which act downstream of numerous growth factor receptors, integrins, cytokine receptors, and cadherins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rho GTPases are key integrating molecules from different extracellular signals, as they can be activated by different GEFs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Guanine nucleotide exchange factors ("GEFs") stimulate the dissociation of the GTP hydrolytic product, GDP, from small GTP-binding proteins, to promote the binding of a new GTP molecule. (justia.com)
  • The formation and establishment of epithelial cell polarity is mediated by the cooperation of polarity protein complexes, namely the Crumbs, partitioning defective (Par) and Scribble complexes, with Rho family GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The activation of different GTPases triggers distinct downstream signaling pathways to modulate protein-protein interactions and cytoskeletal remodeling. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Rho GTPases represent a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in cell cytoskeleton organization, migration, transcription, and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This review will focus on the role of Rac and Rho small GTPases in cell motility and in the complex relationship driving the reciprocal control between Rac and Rho granting for the opportunistic motile behaviour of aggressive cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rho GTPases work as sensitive molecular switches existing either in an inactive, GDP-bound form or an active GTP-bound form. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In turn, GTP-bound active GTPases can interact with a plethora of different effectors which mediate the different cellular functions of this family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Activating mutations in the Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause Parkinson's disease and previously we showed that activated LRRK2 phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases (Steger et al. (stanford.edu)
  • Guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulators (GDSs, or exchange factors), such as RALGDS, are effectors of Ras-related GTPases (see MIM 190020) that participate in signaling for a variety of cellular processes. (cancerindex.org)
  • Small G-proteins, monomeric GTPases, or the RAS (Rat sarcoma) superfamily are a large family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins with molecular weights ranging from 20 to 30 kDa [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The class 1A phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) beta (PI3Kβ) is functionally unique in the ability to integrate signals derived from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and Rho-family GTPases. (elifesciences.org)
  • Rho-family GTPases orchestrate both of these cellular processes. (silverchair.com)
  • Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2. (embl.de)
  • Other proteins known to bind RhoG in its GTP-bound state include the microtubule-associated protein kinectin, Phospholipase D1 and the MAP Kinase activator MLK3. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, wt-ORF6 leads to phosphorylation of a stress-activated serine/threonine protein kinase, p38 MAPK, suggesting a role of the viral protein in regulating p38 activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • We found that Homer3, the predominant isoform in Purkinje cells, is phosphorylated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) both in vitro and in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • In this study, we revealed that Homer3 was phosphorylated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in Purkinje cells, and the phosphorylation reduces the affinity for Homer target molecules, resulting in change of the solubility. (jneurosci.org)
  • death associated protein kinase 1 [Sou. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Previous experiments have not been able to elucidate whether interactions with membrane-tethered proteins primarily control PI3Kβ localization versus directly modulate lipid kinase activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
  • RhoG (Ras homology Growth-related) (or ARGH) is a small (~21 kDa) monomeric GTP-binding protein (G protein), and is an important component of many intracellular signalling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhibition of R-Ras/R-Ras2 and ROCK1 signaling also triggered the accumulation of abnormal intracellular vesicles, indicating that these signaling molecules regulate the movement of proteins and other molecules in the cellular interior. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Critical for cellular organization, phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipids regulate the localization and activity of numerous proteins across intracellular membranes in eukaryotic cells ( Di Paolo and De Camilli 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Activated G proteins are able to couple to multiple downstream effectors and can therefore control a number of distinct signalling pathways (a characteristic known as pleiotropy). (wikipedia.org)
  • The extent to which RhoG regulates these pathways is poorly understood thus far, however, one specific pathway downstream of RhoG has received much attention and is therefore well characterised. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, during this phase an enrichment in genes involved in the formation of the lipid droplets was evidenced as well as the activation of the thyroid-receptor/retinoic X receptor (TR/RXR) and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Within neurons, multiple pathways are known to transport proteins and transmitters to the cell surface. (sdbonline.org)
  • Another distinction that has been drawn contrasts the constitutive and the regulated pathways to distinguish the ongoing transport of protein and lipid to the cell surface from the ability to secrete hormones and transmitters in response to specific stimuli. (sdbonline.org)
  • Two important pathways were examined in the current study: (1) a basic pathway of exocytosis that brings new proteins to the cell surface and permits the cell to grow, and (2) synaptic transmission, a specialized form of exocytosis, regulated by Ca 2+ entry, in which vesicles already present at synapses fuse with the membrane and recycle locally (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
  • Given the antagonistic activity of ORF6 on several cellular pathways, we investigated the role of the viral protein towards NRF2-mediated antioxidant response. (bvsalud.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated as consequence of oxidative metabolism, activate signal transduction pathways, which contribute to cellular homeostasis [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • R-Ras proteins function distinctly from classic Ras proteins by regulating distinct signaling pathways that promote MPNST tumorigenesis by mediating migration and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have previously shown that three related Ras proteins (the classic Ras proteins) are highly activated in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cells with neurofibromin loss and that they drive cancer cell proliferation and survival by activating multiple cellular signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We examined the activation of cytoplasmic signaling pathways in the presence and absence of R-Ras signaling and found that R-Ras proteins regulated 13 signaling pathways distinct from those regulated by classic Ras proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RhoG shares a subset of common binding partners with Rac, Cdc42 and RhoU/V members but a major specificity is its inability to bind to CRIB domain proteins such as PAKs. (wikipedia.org)
  • The best-characterized molecules are Rho, which controls the stress fibers and focal adhesion formation, and Rac and Cdc42, which regulate membrane ruffling, and filopodium formation, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DOCK8 is a Cdc42-specific guanine-nucleotide exchange factor that is essential for development and functions of various subsets of leukocytes in innate and acquired immune responses. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Substitution of the two basic residues, K576 and R581, with alanine abolished PI(4,5)P2 binding in vitro, ablated the ability of DOCK8 to activate Cdc42 and support leukocyte migration in three-dimensional collagen gels. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Focal-adhesion kinases (FAKs), cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases involved in signalling through integrins. (embl.de)
  • The amino-acid sequence of the FERM domain is highly conserved among ERM proteins and is responsible for membrane association by direct binding to the cytoplasmic domain or tail of integral membrane proteins. (embl.de)
  • Conclusion: COM-1, although overexpressed at the messenger level, appears to be distributed in a cytoplasmic fashion at the protein level in tumours. (iiarjournals.org)
  • PDZ domains can occur in one or multiple copies and are nearly always found in cytoplasmic proteins. (embl.de)
  • We showed previously that cytoplasmic release of mtDNA activates the cGAS STING TBK1 pathway resulting in interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression that promotes antiviral immunity4. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Another GEF, known as SGEF (Src homology 3 domain-containing Guanine nucleotide Exchange Factor), is thought to be RhoG-specific and has been reported to stimulate macropinocytosis (internalisation of extracellular fluid) in fibroblasts and apical cup assembly in endothelial cells (an important stage in leukocyte trans-endothelial migration). (wikipedia.org)
  • In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. (novusbio.com)
  • The present invention relates to diagnosing abnormal cell proliferation in biological samples and screening for drugs which inhibit, reduce or abolish cell growth, especially tumorigenic cell growth, by detecting a phosphovariant isoform of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor biomarker, such as the novel GEF-H1S. (justia.com)
  • TCF-1 is an HMG family transcription factor which is known to be critical for T cell development. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • MADS-box gene family is a significant transcription factor family that plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth, development, signal transduction, and other processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tβ4 levels are transcriptionally regulated via the novel cis -acting element AGACAAAG, which interacts with Smad and T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) to synergistically activate the Tβ4 promoter downstream of TGFβ. (aacrjournals.org)
  • For cytoskeleton-membrane cross-linking, the dormant molecules becomes activated and the FERM domain attaches to the membrane by binding specific membrane proteins, while the last 34 residues of the tail bind actin filaments. (embl.de)
  • All members contain the sequence motifs characteristic of all GTP-binding proteins, bind to GDP and GTP with high affinity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2017). Moreover, Golgi-associated Rab29 can recruit LRRK2 to the surface of the Golgi and activate it there for both auto- and Rab substrate phosphorylation. (stanford.edu)
  • Substrate recognition through a PDZ domain in tail-specific protease. (embl.de)
  • Its substrate specificity suggests that Tsp may contain a substrate recognition domain, which selectively binds to the nonpolar C-termini of substrate proteins, separate from its catalytic site. (embl.de)
  • In this work, we show that substrate recognition of Tsp is mediated by a PDZ domain, a small protein module that promotes protein-protein interactions by binding to internal or C-terminal sequences of their partner proteins. (embl.de)
  • The use of a separate substrate recognition domain such as a PDZ domain may be a general mechanism for achieving selective protein degradation. (embl.de)
  • It is a member of the Rac subfamily of the Rho family of small G proteins and is encoded by the gene RHOG. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the current study, we performed genome-wide analysis on the SR gene family in rice. (bvsalud.org)
  • The synteny analysis revealed that segmental duplication events were critical for the expansion of OsSR gene family. (bvsalud.org)
  • This research facilitates our understanding of SR gene family in rice and provides clues for further exploration of the function of OsSR genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • Here, SUN gene families of strawberry were identified from the genome of the diploid Fragaria vesca, and their physicochemical properties, genes structure, evolution and genes expression were also analyzed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results showed that there were thirty-one FvSUN genes in F. vesca and the FvSUNs encoded proteins were classified into seven groups, and the members in the same group showed high similarity in gene structures and conservative motifs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Collinearity analysis showed that the members of FvSUN gene family were mainly expanded by segmental duplication in F. vesca, and Arabidopsis and F. vesca shared twenty-three pairs of orthologous SUN genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • In order to study the characteristics of MADS-box gene family in Docynia delavayi (Franch. (bvsalud.org)
  • Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the expression of MADS-box gene family members during different stages of seed germination in D. delavayi. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results showed that 81 genes of MADS-box gene family were identified from the transcriptome data of D. delavayi, with the molecular weight distribution ranged of 6 211.34-173 512.77 Da and the theoretical isoelectric point ranged from 5.21 to 10.97. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mutations of the NF1 gene potentially results in the activation of multiple Ras proteins, which are key regulators of many biologic effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • with Pubmed ID, gene symbol/accession number and viral interacting protein. (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
  • Here, we find that persistent mtDNA stress is not associated with basally activated NF-κB signalling or interferon gene expression typical of an acute antiviral response. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • They are small (21-25 kDa) molecules that share structural homology and become activated only when bound to GTP. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The OsSR genes' structures, distribution of conserved domains, and protein tertiary structure of OsSR were conserved within each subfamily. (bvsalud.org)
  • Neurofibromin loss potentially hyperactivates classic Ras (H-Ras, N-Ras, K-Ras), M-Ras, and R-Ras (R-Ras, R-Ras2/TC21) subfamily proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cells were transfected with doxycycline-inducible vectors expressing either a pan-inhibitor of the R-Ras subfamily [dominant negative (DN) R-Ras] or enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). (biomedcentral.com)
  • GDIs can also sequester G proteins in the cytosol which also prevents their activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)
  • Furthermore, the distinct tissue-specific expression patterns of OsSR genes showed that these genes may function in different developmental stages in rice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)
  • In addition, activation by phosphorylation of the serine residue at position 40 of NRF2 is increased in the cytoplasm of wt-ORF6-expressing cells, supporting the presence of an altered redox state, although NRF2 nuclear translocation is hindered by the viral protein to fully antagonize the cell response. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, both robust phosphorylation of Homer3 and its dissociation from metabotropic glutamate receptor 1α (mGluR1α) were triggered by depolarization in primary cultured Purkinje cells, and these events were inhibited by CaMKII inhibitor. (jneurosci.org)
  • Serving a critical role in cell signaling, the class I family of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) catalyze the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P 2 ] to generate PI(3,4,5) P 3 . (elifesciences.org)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • The mammalian genome comprises nuclear DNA (nDNA) derived from both parents and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that is maternally inherited and encodes essential proteins required for oxidative phosphorylation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Well characterised examples include the dual specificity GEF TRIO which is able to promote nucleotide exchange on RhoG and Rac (via its GEFD1 domain) and also on RhoA via a separate GEF domain (GEFD2). (wikipedia.org)
  • ERM proteins are regulated by an intramolecular association of the FERM and C-terminal tail domains that masks their binding sites for other molecules. (embl.de)
  • In doing so, this GEF-facilitated exchange of GDP for GTP is associated with structural changes in the GTP-binding protein which influence the degree to which the GTP-binding protein can interact with other molecules. (justia.com)
  • When GTP is bound, for instance, Ras proteins can interact with effectors and other molecules to affect cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. (justia.com)
  • Homer proteins are components of postsynaptic density (PSD) and play a crucial role in coupling diverse target molecules. (jneurosci.org)
  • HMGB1 is an abundant protein, 10 6 molecules per cell [ 7 ], which has been postulated as a redox sensor [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • FERM domains are found in a number of cytoskeletal-associated proteins that associate with various proteins at the interface between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. (embl.de)
  • The proposed model for RhoG-dependent Rac activation involves recruitment of the ELMO/Dock180 complex to activated RhoG at the plasma membrane and this relocalisation, together with an ELMO-dependent conformational change in Dock180, is sufficient to promote GTP-loading of Rac. (wikipedia.org)
  • MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
  • PDZ domain proteins are frequently associated with the plasma membrane, a compartment where high concentrations of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) are found. (embl.de)
  • This Rac1 antibody was developed against a synthetic peptide from amino acid region 100-150 as a part of human Rac1 conjugated to blue carrier protein. (novusbio.com)
  • Instead, PI3Kβ is synergistically activated by pY/GβGγ and pY/Rac1(GTP) through a mechanism of allosteric regulation. (elifesciences.org)
  • adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E5. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
  • However, despite growing biological and clinical significance, little is known about the structural arrangement of this receptor or any of its family members. (uci.edu)
  • Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
  • There have been very few interactions reported between RhoG and negative regulators of G protein function. (wikipedia.org)
  • As important regulators of alternative splicing (AS) events, serine/arginine (SR)-rich proteins play indispensable roles in the growth and development of organisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Protein-tyrosine phosphatases PTPN3 and PTPN4, enzyme that appear to act at junctions between the membrane and the cytoskeleton. (embl.de)
  • The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous proteins that enables the active transport of cellular cargo, transduces force, and when assembled into higher-order structures, forms the basis for motile cellular structures that promote cell movement. (mechanobio.info)
  • To decipher how amplification of PI(3,4,5)P 3 arises from the relay of signals between cell surface receptors, lipids, and peripheral membrane proteins, we must understand how membrane localization and activity of PI3Ks is regulated by different signaling inputs. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, agonist-dependent activation of cell surface receptors is sometimes required to promote interaction with a PDZ protein. (embl.de)
  • Three classes of protein interact with RhoG to regulate GTP/GDP loading. (wikipedia.org)
  • This family is divided into four subfamilies (A-D) and it is subfamilies A and B that are involved in the pathway described here. (wikipedia.org)
  • They also develop specific strategies to increase ROS resistance, which include deviation of the glycolytic flux into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) or changes in other enzymatic mechanisms enhancing ROS detoxification [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Closer study of an R-Ras regulated pathway containing the signaling protein ROCK1 showed that inhibition of either R-Ras, R-Ras2 or ROCK1 similarly impaired cellular migration and invasion and altered cellular morphology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • membrane-associated when activated. (lu.se)
  • Such processes require membrane traffic to particular domains of the cell surface, in order to insert proteins at restricted regions of the membrane, to enlarge particular regions of the cell membrane, or to signal asymmetrically to neighboring cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • Neurons generate their polarity by directing membrane traffic to growing neurites and growth cones, and by sorting proteins differentially between the axon and dendrites. (sdbonline.org)
  • This protein is required for many aspects of membrane traffic within neurons, including the elaboration of neurites, but the release of neurotransmitter at the synapse is independent of this exocyst component (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
  • As with all small G proteins RhoG is able to signal to downstream effectors when bound to GTP (Guanosine triphosphate) and unable to signal when bound to GDP (Guanosine diphosphate). (wikipedia.org)
  • The ectopic expression of the wt-ORF6 protein negatively impacts redox cell homeostasis, leading to an increase in ROS production, along with a decrease in NRF2 protein and its downstream controlled genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • Changes in the redox state of cells affect proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in different ways. (hindawi.com)
  • Proliferation was characterized by enrichment in genes involved in basic cellular and metabolic processes (transcription, ribosome biogenesis, translation and protein folding), cellular remodelling and autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, the information generated will allow future investigations of specific genes involved in particular stages of fish adipogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Meanwhile, our results showed that the expression of some OsSR genes changed dramatically under ABA, GA, salt, drought, cold or heat treatment, which were related to the wide distribution of corresponding cis-elements in their promoter regions, suggesting their specific roles in stress and hormone response. (bvsalud.org)
  • Instead, a specific subset of ISGs that includes Parp9 remains activated by the unphosphorylated form of ISGF3 that enhances nDNA damage and repair responses. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Thus, existing techniques and current knowledge have not used nor addressed the interactions of GEF-H1 with other proteins as a means by which cell proliferation can be controlled or the detection and treatment of cancerous, tumorigenic cells and tissues be developed. (justia.com)
  • It is hypothesized that PCAIs work as anticancer agents by disrupting polyisoprenylation-dependent functional interactions of the G-Proteins. (oncotarget.com)
  • Re-expression of PLIN5 S155A in the liver of Plin5 liver-specific null mice reduced lipolysis compared with wild-type PLIN5 re-expression, but was not associated with other changes in hepatic lipid metabolism. (uci.edu)
  • sec5 mutations have been identified and characterized in Drosophila in order to delineate the role of the protein in neurons and particularly at synapses. (sdbonline.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Tail-specific protease (Tsp) is a periplasmic enzyme that selectively degrades proteins bearing a nonpolar C-terminus. (embl.de)
  • These proteins share a core structure, the conserved G-box (GDP/GTP) binding domain, of approximately 170 residues [ 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • But if this is not possible, oxidative stress finally activates signals that will lead to cell death. (hindawi.com)
  • Among other members, we will focus our attention on the Rac and Rho subfamilies, as they are the main effectors of cell motility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutant K-RAS has been shown to have both tumor-promoting and -suppressing functions, and growing evidence suggests that the RASSF family of tumor suppressors can act as RAS apoptosis and senescence effectors. (cancerindex.org)
  • These findings implicate the potential role of PCAIs as anticancer agents through their direct interaction with monomeric G-proteins. (oncotarget.com)
  • We have shown that classic Ras proteins promote proliferation and survival, but not migration, in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study tested this hypothesis by determining the effect of the PCAIs on the levels of RAS and related monomeric G-proteins. (oncotarget.com)
  • Talin, a cytoskeletal protein concentrated in regions of cell-substratum contact and, in lymphocytes, of cell-cell contacts. (embl.de)
  • Interacts with DOCK2, which may activate it. (lu.se)
  • Filopodin, a slime mold protein that binds actin and which is involved in the control of cell motility and chemotaxis. (embl.de)
  • Dock180, the archetypal member of this family, is seen as an atypical GEF in that efficient GEF activity requires the presence of the DOCK-binding protein ELMO (engulfment and cell motility) which binds RhoG at its N-terminus. (wikipedia.org)
  • In prostate tissues, we have shown that cancer tissues have significantly reduced expression of COM-1 protein compared to normal prostate tissue whereas prostate cancer cell lines widely expressed COM-1. (iiarjournals.org)
  • RHO family interacting cell polarizati. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Beyond this protective role, Mrr can inflict chromosomal DNA damage that elicits the SOS response in the host cell upon heterologous expression of specific methyltransferases such as M.HhaII, or after exposure to high pressure (HP). (uci.edu)
  • Ezrin, moesin, and radixin are highly related proteins (ERM protein family), but the other proteins in which the FERM domain is found do not share any region of similarity outside of this domain. (embl.de)
  • ERM proteins are made of three domains, the FERM domain, a central helical domain and a C-terminal tail domain, which binds F-actin. (embl.de)
  • There are 19964 FERM_C domains in 19942 proteins in SMART's nrdb database. (embl.de)
  • Taxonomic distribution of proteins containing FERM_C domain. (embl.de)
  • The complete taxonomic breakdown of all proteins with FERM_C domain is also avaliable . (embl.de)
  • Click on the protein counts, or double click on taxonomic names to display all proteins containing FERM_C domain in the selected taxonomic class. (embl.de)
  • In this manuscript, we report the generation of a new FAK dominant negative (FF), composed of the C terminus (FRNK) and the FERM domain of the protein. (biologists.com)
  • We show that the FERM domain has a role in the recruitment of FAK on focal adhesions and controls the dynamics of the protein on these complexes. (biologists.com)
  • Like most small G proteins RhoG is involved in a diverse set of cellular signalling mechanisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, when investigating the Δ61 mutant, previously described as an inactive nucleopore proteins binding mutant, we prove that the oxidative stress induced by ORF6 is substantially related to its C-terminal domain, speculating that ORF6 mechanism of action is associated with the inhibition of nuclear mRNA export processes. (bvsalud.org)
  • These findings strengthen the important role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and identify ORF6 as an important viral accessory protein hypothetically involved in modulating the antioxidant response during viral infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. (hindawi.com)