PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUMParasitesVivaxStrainsSpeciesInfectionVAR2CSAParasiteAntibodiesChloroquine resistanceAntigenIncidenceCONCLUSIONSRecombinationEpitopesArtemisinin resistancePrevalenceHumansInfectionsPfEMP1GenesGenomeImmuneDrug resistanceProgenyPatient'sPiperaquinePopulations2019VitroSequenceLaboratoryMethodsBloodLIFE CYCLETreatment
PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM51
- Cross-reactive surface epitopes on chondroitin sulfate A-adherent Plasmodium falciparum-infected ery. (edu.au)
- Cross-reactive surface epitopes on chondroitin sulfate A-adherent Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes are associated with transcription of var2csa. (edu.au)
- Malaria in pregnancy is associated with placental accumulation of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) that adhere to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). (edu.au)
- High recombination rates and hotspots in a Plasmodium falciparum genetic cross. (ox.ac.uk)
- BACKGROUND: The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum survives pressures from the host immune system and antimalarial drugs by modifying its genome. (ox.ac.uk)
- Invasion of human erythrocytes by Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) merozoites relies on the interaction between two parasite proteins apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1) and rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2). (bvsalud.org)
- Mapping the Binding Site of a Cross-Reactive Plasmodium falciparum PfEMP1 Monoclonal Antibody Inhibitory of ICAM-1 Binding. (ox.ac.uk)
- The virulence of Plasmodium falciparum is linked to the ability of infected erythrocytes (IE) to adhere to the vascular endothelium, mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). (ox.ac.uk)
- Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan parasite of humans, and the deadliest species of Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- In 1897, William H. Welch created the name Plasmodium falciparum, which ICZN formally adopted in 1954. (wikipedia.org)
- It was only in 1954 the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature officially approved the binominal Plasmodium falciparum. (wikipedia.org)
- The mass migration that occurred during 2009-2013 and after the insurgency in northeastern Nigeria could have increased malaria incidence and Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity in North Central Nigeria. (cdc.gov)
- A high level of new clones of Plasmodium falciparum probably would have been introduced into the host communities of towns and cities experiencing influxes of IDPs. (cdc.gov)
- Plasmodium falciparum cross resistance. (ajtmh.org)
- In vitro susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum malaria to pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine, trimethoprim and sulfamethaxazole singly and in combination. (ajtmh.org)
- microscopic examination shows Plasmodium falciparum parasites (arrows) infecting some of the patient's red blood cells. (cdc.gov)
- After 15 minutes, the presence of specific bands in the test card window indicate whether the patient is infected with Plasmodium falciparum or one of the other 3 species of human malaria. (cdc.gov)
- The Plasmodium falciparum reticulocyte-binding protein homolog 5 (PfRH5) has recently emerged as a leading candidate antigen against the blood-stage human malaria parasite. (nature.com)
- Plasmodium falciparum parasites are the causative agent of the most severe form of human malaria, and the development of an effective vaccine remains a key strategic goal to aid the control, local elimination and eventual eradication of this disease. (nature.com)
- In 1984, he joined the NIAID Division of Intramural Research where he studies the drug responses and disease biology of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. (nih.gov)
- Restructured Mitochondrial-Nuclear Interaction in Plasmodium falciparum Dormancy and Persister Survival after Artemisinin Exposure. (nih.gov)
- Selection of Plasmodium falciparum cytochrome B mutants by putative PfNDH2 inhibitors. (nih.gov)
- Schistosoma mansoni and Plasmodium falciparum are co-endemic in Uganda and are the leading parasitic causes of public health problems across sub-Saharan Africa. (scirp.org)
- Schistosoma mansoni is one of the causative agents of intestinal schistosomiasis and Plasmodium falciparum is the major causative agent of malaria. (scirp.org)
- Copy number variations (CNVs) of the Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 ( pfmdr1 ), P. falciparum pfplasmepsin2 ( pfplasmepsin2 ) and P. falciparum GTP cyclohydrolase 1 ( pfgch1 ) genes are associated with antimalarial drug resistance in P. falciparum malaria. (researchsquare.com)
- Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are recommended as front-line treatments for Plasmodium falciparum malaria, which remains an important infectious disease in tropical regions. (researchsquare.com)
- Moreover, amplification of the P . falciparum GTP cyclohydrolase 1 ( pfgch1 ) GCN is linked to upregulation of the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase ( pfdhfr ) and P . falciparum dihydropteroate synthase ( pfdhps ) genes, which are associated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Southeast Asia [ 9 , 10 ]. (researchsquare.com)
- Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to artemisinin, which has become a threat to malaria control, has been linked to mutations in the parasite protein K13. (elifesciences.org)
- Cross-species immune recognition between plasmodium vivax duffy binding protein antibodies and the plasmodium falciparum surface antigen VAR2CSA. (mpg.de)
- Here we provide biochemical and cellular evidence that artemisinins are potent inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PfPI3K), revealing an unexpected mechanism of action. (nature.com)
- Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (nature.com)
- Multiple populations of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Cambodia. (nature.com)
- A molecular marker of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (nature.com)
- Genetic loci associated with delayed clearance of Plasmodium falciparum following artemisinin treatment in Southeast Asia. (nature.com)
- Of the two most predominant malaria parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, the prevalence of the latter is increasing in most member GMS countries. (intechopen.com)
- Most treatment regimens for Plasmodium falciparum , the deadliest species, involve artemisinin combination therapy. (medscape.com)
- The presence of Plasmodium falciparum on the Apennine peninsula may have led to the many reports of outbreaks of deadly fevers between the 1 st and 2 nd centuries AD. (medscape.com)
- Blood smear revealed the presence of intra-erythrocytic ring-form parasites, suggestive of Plasmodium falciparum infection ( Fig 1 ). (hkmj.org)
- The increased resistance of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to currently employed drugs creates an urgent call for novel anti-malarial drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Despite a decline in global malaria mortality during the previous decade, the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum continues to infect more than 200 million people annually, causing approximately 450,000 deaths per year [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Logistic regression analysis was done to evaluate the association between Plasmodium falciparum recurrence and associated risk factors. (academicjournals.org)
- To determine the impact of Plasmodium falciparum malaria coinfection and its treatment on cellular reservoirs of viral replication in HIV-1-infected persons and to relate this to changes in systemic immune activation. (lww.com)
- An analysis of large structural variation in global Plasmodium falciparum isolates identifies a novel duplication of the chloroquine resistance associated gene. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- A forward genetic screen reveals a primary role for Plasmodium falciparum Reticulocyte Binding Protein Homologue 2a and 2b in determining alternative erythrocyte invasion pathways. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- Global genetic diversity of var2csa in Plasmodium falciparum with implications for malaria in pregnancy and vaccine development. (lshtm.ac.uk)
- PM results from accumulation of Plasmodium falciparum -infected erythrocytes (IE) that express the surface antigen VAR2CSA and bind to chondroitin sulfate A (CSA) in the placenta. (elifesciences.org)
- Red blood cells infected with the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum display a protein, VAR2CSA, which can recognize and bind CSA molecules present on placental cells and in placental blood spaces. (elifesciences.org)
- In early 2019, the Cambodia Malaria Elimination Project began implementation of the elimination model package in seven ODs, reducing the incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases - the deadliest strain - to less than one per 1,000 people in five out of seven elimination ODs. (urc-chs.com)
- Vaccine Optimization by Identification, Characterization, and Downselection of Human T Cell Epitopes from Plasmodium falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein. (epivax.com)
- This study assessed the total immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels to Plasmodium falciparum schizont among infants (5-17 months), estimated malaria incidence using routine health facility-based surveillance data and predicted trend relation between anti-schizont antibodies and malaria incidence in Bagamoyo.Methods252 serum samples were used for assessment of total IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and results were expressed in arbitrary units (AU). (jenner.ac.uk)
- Objective:The antimalarial preferences, tolerability, and cost of the Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) among adult patients and caregivers are largely understudied despite being the recommendedtreatment for Plasmodium falciparum.We, therefore, evaluated antimalarial preferences, tolerability, and cost of the ACTs among adult patients attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. (bvsalud.org)
Parasites5
- Meiotic recombination of P. falciparum parasites in Anopheles sp. (cdc.gov)
- mosquitoes has been proposed as the origin of the generation of novel alleles leading to new P. falciparum strains, and this cycle is likely to continue as long as there are vectors, parasites, and human hosts ( 11 - 13 ). (cdc.gov)
- P. falciparum and S. mansoni infections initiate a T helper immune response [4] [5] , which links the innate and adaptive immune responses against the parasites. (scirp.org)
- Timecourses have been conducted to quantify the number and type of replicating nuclei, together with other cell-biological features, in P. falciparum parasites across the course of both erythrocytic schizogony and gametogenesis. (europa.eu)
- SC83288 is fast-acting and able to clear P. falciparum parasites at low nanomolar concentrations in vitro, as well as in a humanized SCID mouse model system in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
Vivax2
- malignant tertian malaria was caused by Laverania malariae (now P. falciparum), benign tertian malaria by Haemamoeba vivax (now P. vivax), and quartan malaria by Haemamoeba malariae (now P. malariae). (wikipedia.org)
- In these areas P. falciparum corresponds to 10% of malaria cases, while P. vivax is the main parasite found in the patients and remains with high prevalence levels [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Strains4
- These data are consistent with the hypothesis that var2csa encodes a PfEMP1 expressed on the surface of IE, which mediates adhesion to CSA and is relatively conserved between genetically distinct strains of P. falciparum. (edu.au)
- The strains that have been crossed are 3D7 with HB3 ( Walliker et al , 1987 ), HB3 with Dd2 ( Wellems et al , 1990 ) and 7G8 with GB4 ( Hayton et al , 2008 ). (malariagen.net)
- 3) of P. falciparum strains ( 14 , 15 ). (cdc.gov)
- In resistant clinical strains, increased PfPI3K was associated with the C580Y mutation in P. falciparum Kelch13 (PfKelch13), a primary marker of artemisinin resistance. (nature.com)
Species3
- In Sub-Saharan Africa, almost 100% of cases were due to P. falciparum, whereas in most other malarial countries, other, less virulent plasmodial species predominate. (wikipedia.org)
- one is specific for P. falciparum and the other is found in all 4 human species of malaria. (cdc.gov)
- Differentiation of the ring-form of Babesia species and P falciparum may be difficult. (hkmj.org)
Infection8
- and, with positive samples, determined P. falciparum infection complexity and allele diversity using PCR. (cdc.gov)
- 18 ) reported 3 cases of artemisinin-based combination treatment failure of P. falciparum infection that were later adequately cleared with quinine. (cdc.gov)
- Objectives: The overall aim was therefore, to elucidate the impact of S. mansoni infection on protective T helper immune responses on P. falciparum and S. mansoni co-infection. (scirp.org)
- Methodology: This study evaluated the T helper immune responses in individuals with independent S. mansoni infection, independent P. falciparum infection, co-infection and non-infection in school attending children in a co-endemic area along Lake Victoria shores, Uganda. (scirp.org)
- S. mansoni infection is a major contributor of a reduced effective T helper immune response against P. falciparum in P. falciparum and S. mansoni co-infection. (scirp.org)
- Due to its tendency to transition to an adherent phenotype, infection with P falciparum predisposes patients to thrombosis and thrombocytopenia throughout the body. (medscape.com)
- Three rounds of city-wide, cluster-sampled cross-sectional surveys of malaria parasite infection status, spanning 2010 to 2012, were complemented by two series of high-resolution, longitudinal surveys of vector density. (biomedcentral.com)
- SC83288 is able to clear a P. falciparum infection in a humanized NOD/SCID mouse model system within 48 h following intraperitoneal injections of 2.5 mg kg −1 once per day over a period of 3 days [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
VAR2CSA2
- Rabbit antiserum was generated against the CSA-adherent P. falciparum line CS2, in which the dominant var transcribed is var2csa, a relatively conserved var gene that has been associated with CSA adhesion. (edu.au)
- In two independent antibody purification/depletion experiments with permutated order of VAR2CSA variants, IgG purified on the first VAR2CSA antigen displayed broad cross-reactivity to both recombinant and native VAR2CSA variants, and inhibited binding of all isolates to CSA. (elifesciences.org)
Parasite7
- Adhesion is mediated by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), a variant parasite protein expressed on the surface of IE and encoded by var genes. (edu.au)
- The P. falciparum Genetic Crosses project is generating high-quality data on genome sequence variation and sexual recombination for the parents and progeny of parasite crosses. (malariagen.net)
- The parasite is transmitted through the bite of a female Anopheles mosquito and causes the disease's most dangerous form, falciparum malaria. (wikipedia.org)
- P. falciparum is therefore regarded as the deadliest parasite in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Analysis following immunization of rabbits identified quantitative and qualitative differences in terms of the functional IgG antibody response against the P. falciparum parasite. (nature.com)
- The recent emergence of resistance to artemisinins and partner drugs in P. falciparum has raised both regional and global concerns, and elimination efforts are invariably prioritized against this parasite to avert spread. (intechopen.com)
- Based on growth inhibition and ring survival assays, no cross-resistance was observed between artemisinins and SC83288, using parasite lines that were resistant to either one of these drugs. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibodies1
- Structure guided mimicry of an essential P. falciparum receptor-ligand complex enhances cross neutralizing antibodies. (bvsalud.org)
Chloroquine resistance1
- Findings from his research include the transporter molecule responsible for P. falciparum chloroquine resistance (PfCRT), the molecules responsible for antigenic variation and immune evasion by P. falciparum (var genes), a mechanism for sickle-cell trait protection against malaria, and the PfHRP-II protein used for malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). (nih.gov)
Antigen2
- Kato Katz thick smears and circulating cathodic antigen tests were performed for S. mansoni screening, whereas thick and thin blood smear techniques were performed for P. falciparum screening. (scirp.org)
- Rapid antigen test for P falciparum was negative and this raised the suspicion of babesiosis. (hkmj.org)
Incidence2
- The Artemisin-based Combination Therapy, used by Brazilian Health Ministry decreased the falciparum malaria incidence (i.e., number of total positive thick blood smear/falciparum thick blood smear 100) from 26.5 in 2006 to 12.4 in 2011. (hindawi.com)
- Cross-sectional data from both studies were analysed using STATA version 14.Resultsthis study demonstrated a decline in total anti-schizont IgG levels from 490.21AU in 2012 to 97.07AU in 2021 which was related to a fall in incidence from 58.25 cases/1000 person-year in 2013 to 14.28 cases/1000 person-year in 2020. (jenner.ac.uk)
CONCLUSIONS1
- CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the P. falciparum genome has a high recombination rate, although it also follows the overall rule of meiosis in eukaryotes with an average of approximately one crossover per chromosome per meiosis. (ox.ac.uk)
Recombination2
- RESULTS: Here, we used a high-density tiling array to estimate the genetic recombination rate among 32 progeny of a P. falciparum genetic cross (7G8 × GB4). (ox.ac.uk)
- Similar to centromeres in other organisms, the sequences of P. falciparum centromeres are found in chromosome regions largely devoid of recombination activity. (ox.ac.uk)
Epitopes2
- Identifying these cross-neutralizing antibody epitopes holds promise for developing an effective, strain -transcending malaria vaccine . (bvsalud.org)
- Conserved epitopes, such as those targeted by 24E9, are promising candidates for the inclusion in a vaccine interfering with ICAM-1-specific adhesion of group A PfEMP1 expressed by P. falciparum IE during severe malaria. (ox.ac.uk)
Artemisinin resistance2
- A fourth cross between clones 803 and GB4 was recently performed to study the genetic basis for artemisinin resistance. (malariagen.net)
- Molecular surveillance is needed not only for the detection of mutations to the P . falciparum kelch gene, which are associated with artemisinin resistance [ 3 ], but also molecular markers associated with the efficacy of other antimalarial drugs. (researchsquare.com)
Prevalence1
- In a recent cross-sectional study aimed at characterizing the prevalence of malaria in people living with HIV, the prevalence of malaria was 7.3% [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Humans1
- Around the same time, Grassi demonstrated that P. falciparum was transmitted in humans only by female anopheline mosquito (in his case Anopheles claviger). (wikipedia.org)
Infections2
PfEMP11
- 24E9 recognizes native PfEMP1 expressed on the IE surface and shows cross-reactivity with and cross-inhibition of the ICAM-1 binding capacity of domain cassette 4 PfEMP1s. (ox.ac.uk)
Genes2
- The aim of the present study was to develop and validate ddPCR assays for detection of the CNVs of P. falciparum genes associated with resistance to antimalarial drugs. (researchsquare.com)
- The developed ddPCR assays are simple, accurate, precise and cost-effective tools for detection of the CNVs in the pfmdr1 , pfplasmepsin2 and pfgch1 genes of P. falciparum . (researchsquare.com)
Genome1
- Assembling a complete and accurate picture of P. falciparum genome variation from short sequence reads presents many analytical challenges, particularly in regions of the genome that are highly polymorphic or made up of repetitive elements. (malariagen.net)
Immune2
- Suboptimal T helper immune responses were also recorded in the co-infected individuals characterized by significantly down regulated Th1 (Z = -3.260, p = 0.0273) and Th2 (Z = -1.180, p = 0.0078) responses compared to independent P. falciparum . (scirp.org)
- Acute P. falciparum malaria coinfection impacts virus-host dynamics in HIV-1-infected persons at the cellular level, notably showing a reversible induction of HIV-1 replication in CD14 macrophages that is associated with changes in immune activation. (lww.com)
Drug resistance1
- Improved measures (e.g., better drug quality, diagnostics) are needed to control P. falciparum transmission and reduce the potential for the emergence of drug resistance in Nigeria. (cdc.gov)
Progeny1
- The parents and progeny of these genetic crosses represent a hugely valuable resource for the malaria research community to investigate a range of different phenotypes. (malariagen.net)
Patient's1
- After a seven kilometer ride on motorbikes on forest paths, the team crossed a makeshift wooden bridge to access the patient's house, which was deeper in the forest. (urc-chs.com)
Piperaquine1
- An increase in the P . falciparum multidrug resistance 1 ( pfmdr1 ) GCN is associated with mefloquine resistance [ 6 ], while an increase in the P . falciparum plasmepsin2 ( pfplasmepsin2 ) GCN is associated with piperaquine resistance [ 7 , 8 ]. (researchsquare.com)
Populations1
- RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We calculated hospitalization rates for nontraumatic lower extremity amputation (NLEA) for the years 2000-2015 using nationally representative, serial cross-sectional data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample on NLEA procedures and from the National Health Interview Survey for estimates of the populations with and without diabetes. (cdc.gov)
20191
- In 2019, it was reported that Uganda accounts for 5 % of the total global cases of malaria related deaths after Nigeria and Democratic Republic of Congo.Various risk factors may be responsible for poor treatment outcomes which has neccessitated the current study Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected health centers of Bushenyi district, Uganda by using questionnaire, direct observations and laboratory based studies. (academicjournals.org)
Vitro2
- SC83288, an amicarbalide derivative, is active against P. falciparum blood stages at low nanomolar concentrations in vitro, with IC 50 values of 3 nM. (biomedcentral.com)
- In vitro resistance to SC83288 develops slowly and might involve mutational changes in the Ca 2+ transporting PfATP6, the P. falciparum SERCA orthologue. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequence1
- To determine P. falciparum sequence diversity in this region, we screened 282 samples collected in regional clinics during 2015-2018 for Plasmodium spp. (cdc.gov)
Laboratory2
- Discovering the genetic causes of natural phenotypic variation in P. falciparum requires a combination of epidemiological and laboratory-based approaches. (malariagen.net)
- It is recommended that the laboratory maintain a supply of blood containing P. falciparum for use as a positive control. (cdc.gov)
Methods1
- Methods:This was a cross-sectional study conducted among adult patients and their caregivers atthe University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria,using a semi-structured questionnaire. (bvsalud.org)
Blood1
- The role of the red blood cell in host defence against falciparum malaria: an expanding repertoire of evolutionary alterations. (lshtm.ac.uk)
LIFE CYCLE1
- P. falciparum assumes several different forms during its life cycle. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment1
- The treatment of APC of P. falciparum led to reduction of malaria cases. (hindawi.com)