MonocytesGranulocyteLigandSubunitDifferentiationErythropoietin receptorProto-oncogeneMonocyteCytokine receptorsAntigenNeutrophilsLineageProliferationDendritic cellsSignal transductionProteinsNuclearMolecularInnateProteinPathwaysMCSFMyeloidBindsTumourInhibitorsCellsSubunitsRegulationBoneViralExtracellularConformationalCellActivationInflammationImmune systemTranscription factorsTissue
Monocytes7
- The receptor is primarily located on neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes/macrophages, it is also on CD34+ progenitor cells (myeloblasts) and precursors for erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages, but only in the beginning of their development. (wikipedia.org)
- Remaining extracellular domain acts as a soluble GM-CSFRα and have been identified in bone marrow, monocytes and macrophages, placenta and chorio-carcinoma cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Macrophage colony stimulating factor (MCSF) regulates monocytes/macrophages. (researchsquare.com)
- Although tumor cells were first thought to drive the cellular events underpinning tumor angiogenesis and growth, considerable evidence has now emerged for the central role of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils in this phenomenon [ 8 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Activation of the vascular innate immune system inducing recruitment of macrophages, monocytes and neutrophils to the alveoli. (racgp.org.au)
- M-CSF (or CSF-1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that is involved in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of monocytes, macrophages, and bone marrow progenitor cells. (meddic.jp)
- [3] M-CSF affects macrophages and monocytes in several ways, including stimulating increased phagocytic and chemotactic activity, and increased tumour cell cytotoxicity. (meddic.jp)
Granulocyte5
- The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor also known as CD116 (Cluster of Differentiation 116), is a receptor for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, which stimulates the production of white blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The α subunit contains a binding site for granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, but associates with the ligand only with low affinity. (wikipedia.org)
- 1 , 2 In addition, mRNA encoding the cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are increased at sites of disease activity, suggesting local activation of antigen specific T cells. (bmj.com)
- Moreover, although interleukin 7 (IL-7) supports the generation of such myeloid intermediates, we show that their developmental branching from the main intrathymic T-cell pathway is linked to the up-regulation of the myelomonocytic granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor, to the down-regulation of the IL-7 receptor and to the lack of pre-T-cell receptor α (pTα) gene transcriptional activation. (ashpublications.org)
- Three cytokines, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 3 (IL-3), and interleukin 5 (IL-5) have been shown to promote the growth and the maturation of eosinophils and to induce the conversion of normal eosinophils to hypodense eosinophils. (medscape.com)
Ligand10
- Extracellular domain contains cytokine receptor domain for binding its cognate ligand with conserved cysteine residues, WSXWS motif and 11 potential N-glycosylation sites for oligosaccharides, which are important for ligand binding and signalling. (wikipedia.org)
- β chain is crucial for enhancement of binding affinity to the ligand and transduces signal of the activated receptor complex. (wikipedia.org)
- Formation of high affinity receptor complex includes specific interactions between both subunits and ligand. (wikipedia.org)
- NFKB 105 subunit for example is a polypetide gene enhancer of genes in B cells.The receptors are ligand binding factors of type 1, 2 or 3 and protein-molecules that receive chemical-signals from outside a cell. (m-csf.com)
- In this sense, am olfactory receptor is a protein-molecule that recognizes and responds to endogenous-chemical signals, chemokinesor cytokines e.g. an acetylcholine-receptor recognizes and responds to its endogenous-ligand, acetylcholine. (m-csf.com)
- RANK binds to transmembrane protein nuclear factor-κB receptor activating factor ligand (RANKL) to activate RANK/RANKL, TRAF6/RANKL/MAPKs, TRAF6/ RANKL/NF-κB, Wnt/RANKL/RANKL, and JAK2/STAT3/RANKL. (frontiersin.org)
- IL-34, a ligand of the MCSF receptor, acts as a "twin" to MCSF, demonstrating overlapping and complimentary actions. (researchsquare.com)
- All other native NR functional/structural domains (ligand binding domain, hinge region, and various activation domains) are present in these hybrid receptors. (indigobiosciences.com)
- Consequently, once a bioactive compound associates with the ligand binding domain of the hybrid receptor, only the luciferase reporter gene is induced. (indigobiosciences.com)
- Ligand-activation of the hybrid receptor will not induce collateral expression of target genes that are otherwise regulated by the native nuclear receptor. (indigobiosciences.com)
Subunit3
- Complex subunit associated factors are involved in hybridoma growth, Eosinohils, eritroid proliferation and derived from promotor binding stimulating subunits on the DNA binding complex. (m-csf.com)
- In quantitative RT-PCR studies, expression of the alpha-subunit of the GM-CSF receptor (GM-CSF-R) parallelled GM-CSF expression, being maximal during the 48 h period after mating and declining thereafter. (edu.au)
- Cells expressing GM-CSF receptor were identified as macrophages, granulocytes and putative dendritic cells by flow cytometric analysis using lineage and receptor subunit specific antibodies. (edu.au)
Differentiation6
- Colonies can be formed by stimulating factors or recombinant GM-CSF and CSFs activity expressed in Units compared to a standard.Aplha, transcription related growth factors and stimulating factors or repressing nuclear factors are complex subunits of proteins involved in cell differentiation. (m-csf.com)
- Runx2 is a critical regulatory factor promoting OB maturation in early differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
- Its differentiation and function are mainly regulated by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M- CSF), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B(RANK) ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
- M-CSF binds to the M-CSF receptor, which is promote the proliferation and differentiation of OC and the continuous expression of RANK. (frontiersin.org)
- Multiple signaling pathways stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of OC. (frontiersin.org)
- While the IL34/MCSF/MCSFR axis is very important for regulating macrophage differentiation, the specific interplay between these cytokines, macrophages and tumour development is unclear. (researchsquare.com)
Erythropoietin receptor1
- Extracellular domain contains haematopoietin domains, also known as cytokine receptor modules, which can be found in other cytokine receptors (growth hormone receptor, erythropoietin receptor). (wikipedia.org)
Proto-oncogene1
- By interacting with its membrane receptor (CSF1R or M-CSF-R encoded by the c-fms proto-oncogene), M-CSF also modulates the proliferation of earlier hematopoietic progenitors and influence numerous physiological processes involved in immunology, metabolism, fertility and pregnancy. (meddic.jp)
Monocyte2
- Vitamin D inhibits monocyte/macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting MAPK phosphatase-1. (springer.com)
- [4] The role of M-CSF is not only restricted to the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. (meddic.jp)
Cytokine receptors4
- It is shared with other cytokine receptors IL-3 and IL-5. (wikipedia.org)
- Cytokine receptors are integral components of the immune system and play a crucial role in cell signaling. (indigobiosciences.com)
- By modulating these signaling pathways, cytokine receptors help coordinate immune responses, inflammation, and other physiological processes. (indigobiosciences.com)
- Dysregulation or malfunctioning of cytokine receptors can lead to immune disorders, autoimmune diseases, and other pathological conditions. (indigobiosciences.com)
Antigen4
- Second, T cell therapies using Tregs (either polyclonal, antigen-specific, or genetically engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to establish active dominant immune tolerance or T cells (engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors) to delete pathogenic immune cells. (frontiersin.org)
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an example of how immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment of hematologic malignancies with unprecedented response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (ajmc.com)
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is designed to enhance the body's immune system to effectively kill malignant cells. (ajmc.com)
- There is oligoclonal expansion of lung T cells bearing certain V beta transcripts and the T cell receptor (TCR) is internalised with upregulation of TCR mRNA transcription suggesting recent occupancy by a specific antigen. (bmj.com)
Neutrophils1
- The innate immune system is mainly composed of myeloid lineage cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and mast cells [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Lineage3
- In contrast to M-CSF and G-CSF which are lineage specific, GM-CSF and its receptor play a role in earlier stages of development. (wikipedia.org)
- Osteoclast, derived from macrophage-mononuclear lineage, is a special myeloid cell. (frontiersin.org)
- Upon culture in endothelial growth media, these cells expressed endothelial lineage markers, such as CD31, Tie2, and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and incorporated into blood vessels in ischemic tissues. (hindawi.com)
Proliferation1
- Specific growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), stimulate the proliferation and migration of naturally quiescent endothelial cells, resulting in the formation of new vessel structures during embryonic development and tumor growth [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Dendritic cells1
- Macrophages and dendritic cells can produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D within the microenvironment. (springer.com)
Signal transduction1
- The β chain is involved in signal transduction and formation of high affinity receptor complex together with α chain. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins1
- These receptors are found on the surface of various cells and are activated by cytokines, which are small proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication. (indigobiosciences.com)
Nuclear5
- They are cell-based trans-activation assays, and the principal application is in the screening of test samples to quantify any functional activity, either agonist or antagonist, that the compounds may exert against the nuclear receptors. (indigobiosciences.com)
- INDIGO's nuclear receptor assays utilize proprietary human and non-human mammalian cells engineered to provide constitutive, high-level expression of the designated receptor. (indigobiosciences.com)
- Do INDIGO's nuclear receptor assays express the native, full-length receptor? (indigobiosciences.com)
- INDIGO's other nuclear receptor assays, however, include reporter cells that express hybrid nuclear receptors. (indigobiosciences.com)
- Release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns due to the viral infection and activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B, NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome via pattern recognition receptors and ongoing production of cytokines at the entry sites. (racgp.org.au)
Molecular3
- Conformational changes in the GM-CSF receptor suggest a molecular mechanism for affinity conversion and receptor signaling. (cusabio.com)
- Evidence suggest that a patient's genetic predisposition together with environmental factors, such as exposure to pathogens that exhibit molecular mimicry, disturb immune tolerance ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Special considerations are given to the causal involvement of novel molecular pathways, including cytokines, growth factors, and intracellular signaling cascades in RA pathophysiology, and the emerging role of targeted therapeutic agents in the management of RA. (jscimedcentral.com)
Innate1
- Vitamin D receptors are expressed on the principal cell populations involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses. (springer.com)
Protein3
- The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. (cusabio.com)
- Further, there are signaling pathways that participate in regulation, such as Wnt channel, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) channel, bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) channel, peroxisome proliferator activated-receptors (PPARs) channel, and Notch channel. (frontiersin.org)
- Here, we report that the guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptor-activated WD-repeat Gβ interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), comigrates with it into the nucleus and suppresses GR-induced transactivation of the glucocorticoid-responsive genes. (rupress.org)
Pathways1
- This activation triggers intracellular signaling pathways, which can involve various molecules such as kinases, transcription factors, and secondary messengers. (indigobiosciences.com)
MCSF2
- IL-34 involvement in tumours is controversial, possibly due to the levels of MCSF receptors. (researchsquare.com)
- Using immunohistochemistry/histopathology, MCSF, IL-34 and macrophages were determined. (researchsquare.com)
Myeloid2
- Myeloid cells promote tumor growth by stimulating tumor angiogenesis, suppressing tumor immunity, and promoting metastasis to distinct sites. (hindawi.com)
- Cells expressing GM-CSF receptors were identified in sections of uterus on the day after mating using 125I-GM-CSF, and were located predominantly in the endometrial stroma subjacent to the luminal epithelium, co-localising with abundant populations of myeloid leukocytes. (edu.au)
Binds1
- M-CSF binds to the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor. (meddic.jp)
Tumour1
- The role of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and survival of GC patients are controversial. (researchsquare.com)
Inhibitors2
- A class of potent inhibitors of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R or FMS), as exemplified by 8 and 21, was optimized to improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties and potential toxicological liabilities. (rcsb.org)
- Over 500 products have been investigated for neuroprotective effects including those from the categories of free radical scavengers, anti-excitotoxic agents, apoptosis (programmed cell death) inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents, neurotrophic factors, metal ion chelators, ion channel modulators, and gene therapy. (researchandmarkets.com)
Cells6
- These cells expressed central nervous system-homing receptors, exhibited a dysregulated CD25-IL-2 axis, and their proliferative capacity positively correlated with MS severity. (nature.com)
- Subsequent studies described a VEGFR2 and AC133 expressing subpopulation of these CD34 positive circulating cells that could form endothelial colonies in vitro [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Factors in seminal plasma elicit a surge of GM-CSF expression in uterine epithelial cells after mating in mice. (edu.au)
- Quantifying changes in luciferase expression in the treated reporter cells provides a sensitive surrogate measure of the changes in receptor activity. (indigobiosciences.com)
- COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which primarily targets angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors on cells of the respiratory system and induces an immediate immunological cascade of cytokine responses that affect the individual cells and vascular system. (racgp.org.au)
- The colony stimulating factor 1 ( CSF1 ), also known as macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( M-CSF ), is a secreted cytokine which influences hematopoietic stem cells to differentiate into macrophages or other related cell types. (meddic.jp)
Subunits1
- Furthermore association of the α and β subunits results in receptor activation. (wikipedia.org)
Regulation1
- When activated the receptor undergoes autophosphorylation, phosphorylation of down-stream signaling molecules and rapid down-regulation. (rush.edu)
Bone2
- The mutual restriction between bone formation and bone resorption is a critical factor to ensure bones healthy and integrity during the life cycle. (frontiersin.org)
- OB mediates bone formation through runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2). (frontiersin.org)
Viral1
- Endothelial activation and endotheliitis due to direct viral activity and also via downregulated receptors (ACE2 and other receptors). (racgp.org.au)
Extracellular1
- Extracellular stimuli that activate cell surface receptors modulate glucocorticoid actions via as yet unclear mechanisms. (rupress.org)
Conformational1
- Interactions then mediate conformational changes and subsequent receptor activation. (wikipedia.org)
Cell4
- When such chemical-signals couple or bind to a receptor, they cause some form of cellular/tissue-response, e.g. a change in the electrical-activity of a cell. (m-csf.com)
- SDF, stromal cell-derived factors. (cdc.gov)
- We combined the high-throughput of mass cytometry, facilitating the analysis of 57 twin pairs, with cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) of eight selected twin pairs to obtain a comprehensive overview of epitopes, transcriptome and T cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes. (nature.com)
- When cytokines bind to their respective receptors on the cell surface, they initiate a cascade of events within the cell. (indigobiosciences.com)
Activation2
- Evaluate amount of receptor activation quickly and easily. (indigobiosciences.com)
- Instead, the luciferase light response is measured which correlates to the activation status of the receptor (either activation or inhibition). (indigobiosciences.com)
Inflammation2
- Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor on the surface of alveolar pneumocytes inducing local inflammation. (racgp.org.au)
- Similar transcription factors are activated and remain so during the first months as oedema subsides, thus inducing chronic inflammation and suppressing immunological recovery. (racgp.org.au)
Immune system1
- Unveil insights into cellular signaling and immune system function with Cytokine Receptor Assay Kits from INDIGO Biosciences. (indigobiosciences.com)
Transcription factors2
- Along the gene are several transcription regulatory binding sites with common binding motifs for such transcription factors as GATA, C/EBP or NF-κB. (wikipedia.org)
- Surrounding sequences provide binding sites for several regulatory transcription factors similar to those for α chain (GATA, C/EBP, NF-κB). (wikipedia.org)
Tissue1
- Release of tissue factor, Von Willebrand factor, that in turn induces hypercoagulation and prothrombotic state. (racgp.org.au)