• eIF4G is an essential translation factor that exerts strong control over protein synthesis. (nih.gov)
  • Engineered changes in eIF4G abundance amplify noise, demonstrating that minimum stochasticity coincides with physiological abundance of this factor. (nih.gov)
  • Plasmid-mediated synthesis of eIF4G imposes increased global gene expression stochasticity and reduced viability because the intrinsic noise for this factor influences total cellular gene noise. (nih.gov)
  • The RNA helicase eIF4A and the scaffold protein eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) and the capping protein eIF4E are part of the complex that loads the mRNAs onto the 40 S ribosomal subunit, together with eIF3. (biosyn.com)
  • The 'closed-loop' model explains that the induction of 5'- to 3'-proximity of mRNAs requires the initiation factors eIF4E, eIF4G, and PABP. (biosyn.com)
  • Although eIF4A is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that binds the MA3 domain of eIF4G to promote translation initiation, binding of eIF4A to the MA3 domains of PDCD4 inhibits protein synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This model also correctly predicts a plateau-like response of translation to super-physiological increases in abundance of the other cap-complex factors, eIF4E and eIF4A. (nih.gov)
  • While eIF4E binds to the 5′-cap structure, eIF4A is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that hydrolyzes ATP in order to unwind secondary structure present in the 5′-leader of an mRNA that would otherwise inhibit 40S subunit scanning during its search for the initiation codon [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PDCD4 is composed of two MA3 domains that share similarity with the single MA3 domain present in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 4G, which serves as a scaffold protein to assemble several initiation factors needed for the recruitment of the 40S ribosomal subunit to an mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma has been shown to interact with MKNK1, EIF4A1, EIF4E, MKNK2 and PABPC1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Translation initiation on structured mammalian mRNAs requires DHX29, a DExH protein that comprises a unique 534-aa-long N-terminal region (NTR) and a common catalytic DExH core. (bvsalud.org)
  • Recessive resistance to plant viruses: potential resistance genes beyond translation initiation factors. (ac.ir)
  • TFBMs act as binding sites for transcription factors and coordinate the expression of the genes in whose promoter regions they appear. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BAF60 binds nucleosome-free regions of multiple G box-containing genes, opposing in cis the promoting effect of the photomorphogenic and thermomorphogenic regulator Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4 (PIF4) on hypocotyl elongation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic pre-mRNA, however, requires several processing steps before its transport to the cytoplasm and its translation by the ribosome. (iiab.me)
  • Although the bacterial 30 S ribosomal subunit can identify the initiation codon through base-pairing between the 3′-end of its16 S ribosomal RNA subunit and the Shine-Dalgarno sequence upstream of the initiation codon, the 40 S ribosomal subunit of the eukaryotic 80 S ribosome requires several translation initiation factors (eIFs) for its binding to an mRNA and to identify the initiation codon [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, recent global ribosome-sequencing (Ribo-seq, sequencing of ribosome-protected RNA fragments) studies have shown that uORFs are a prevalent feature in eukaryotic mRNAs, not limited to these few well-studied examples 19 - 21 . (biorxiv.org)
  • The mechanisms involved in the stress-induced translation have been investigated for a small number of key transcription factors (for example, yeast general control nondepressible 4 (GCN4) 12 and mammalian activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) 13 ), whose translation is normally inhibited by the uORFs in the 5' leader sequences of their mRNAs. (biorxiv.org)
  • Eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) are crucial in the initiation of protein translation. (cbmed.at)
  • Basic characterization of various eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) for protein level in astrocytomas (WHO grades I-IV) compared to CCBT. (cbmed.at)
  • Upon stress, phosphorylation of eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α (eIF2α) decreases the available ternary complex, resulting in reduced translation initiation from the start codons of uORFs (uAUGs) and prolonged scanning of the preinitiation complex to translate the downstream main open reading frames (mORFs) to promote cell survival 12 - 15 . (biorxiv.org)
  • 2012 ). In vitro , flavopiridol suppresses the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells in the model of murine hepatitis, which is a crucial step in the initiation of inflammation (Schmerwitz et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • The extensive processing of eukaryotic pre-mRNA that leads to the mature mRNA is the RNA splicing, a mechanism by which introns or outrons (non-coding regions) are removed and exons (coding regions) are joined together. (iiab.me)
  • The scanning mechanism of eukaryotic translation initiation. (ac.ir)
  • Some defense proteins such as beta-glucosidase aggregating factor were strongly down regulated and may be regulated directly by opaque2 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • A molecule of eukaryotic mRNA and the proteins surrounding it are together called a messenger RNP. (iiab.me)
  • In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis -acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • A trimeric peptide initiation factor complex that associates with the 5' MRNA cap structure of RNA ( RNA CAPS ) and plays an essential role in MRNA TRANSLATION . (nih.gov)
  • They are likely to have conserved DNA sequence elements, called transcription factor binding motifs (TFBMs), in their promoter regions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The bZIP ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) transcription factor is another major regulator of thermo- and photomorphogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A 5' cap (also termed an RNA cap, an RNA 7-methylguanosine cap, or an RNA m 7 G cap) is a modified guanine nucleotide that has been added to the "front" or 5' end of a eukaryotic messenger RNA shortly after the start of transcription. (iiab.me)
  • In eukaryotic organisms most messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules are polyadenylated at the 3' end, but recent studies have shown that short stretches of uridine (oligouridylation) are also common. (iiab.me)
  • One notable difference, however, is that eukaryotic RNA polymerase associates with mRNA-processing enzymes during transcription so that processing can proceed quickly after the start of transcription. (iiab.me)
  • Influence of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (eIF6) on non-small lung cancer development and progression. (cbmed.at)
  • 2018 ). Corneal trauma after agricultural injury and contact lens usage have been recognized as the predominant risk factors (Mahmoudi et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • Poly (A) binding protein enhances the binding affinity of potyvirus VPg to eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4F and activates in vitro translation. (cuny.edu)
  • There is mounting evidence that dysregulation of mRNA translation supports the survival and adaptation of cancer cells, which has stimulated clinical interest in targeting elements of the translation machinery and, in particular, components of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F) complex such as eIF4E. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, it is reported that, contrary to the initial aim, a tRNA-modifying methylthiotransferase CDKAL1 promotes CSC-factor SALL2 synthesis by assembling the eIF4F translation initiation complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mechanistically, CDKAL1 promotes the translation of such mRNAs by organizing the eIF4F translation initiation complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • eIF4E is a subunit of the eIF4F protein initiation complex and required for its recruitment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma has been shown to interact with MKNK1, EIF4A1, EIF4E, MKNK2 and PABPC1. (wikipedia.org)
  • This combination led to marked induction of ER stress and ATF4/CHOP, followed by DR5- and BAX-dependent apoptosis, but unexpectedly with maintained or even increased levels of prosurvival factors such as p-AKT, p-4E-BP1, Mcl-1, and eiF4E targets c-Myc and Bcl-xL. (oncotarget.com)
  • A broad range of translation initiation factors are also commonly found to be either amplified or mis-regulated in tumours, including eIF4E (elongation initiation factor 4E). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We uncovered deficits in insulin secretion, partly due to reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, glucose-stimulated Ca 2+ flux, and reduced insulin content associated with loss of eIF4E, the mRNA 5′ cap-binding protein of the initiation complex and binding partner of eIF4G1. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • DDX3 specifically enhanced the association of the cap-binding complex (CBC) with uORF-containing mRNAs and facilitated recruitment of the eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3). (aacrjournals.org)
  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is considered the most common, abundant, and conserved internal transcript modification, especially in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) was first discovered in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA) [ 2 , 3 ] and viral nuclear RNA [ 4 , 5 ] in the 1970s and has been identified as one of the most common and abundant RNA modifications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4G plays an important role in assembling the initiation complex required for ribosome binding to mRNA and promote translation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EIF4G1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • A component of eukaryotic initiation factor-4F that is involved in multiple protein interactions at the site of translation initiation. (nih.gov)
  • The details and components of this process are unique for prokaryotic protein biosynthesis and eukaryotic protein biosynthesis. (lookformedical.com)
  • Reduced protein level of a requisite scaffolding protein of the initiation complex, eIF4G1, downstream of nutrients and insulin signaling is associated with diabetes in humans and mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Moreover, the flagellum is also a widely conserved organelle in eukaryotes and a defining feature of the last eukaryotic common ancestor 9 , but not yet analysed by genome-wide protein localization mapping using microscopy. (nature.com)
  • AB - OBJECTIVE: Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome (MetS). (nih.gov)
  • Altogether these data demonstrate an essential role for the translational factor eIF4G1 on glucose homeostasis and β-cell function. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 3 mediates Barley Yellow Dwarf Viral mRNAS 3'-5' UTR interactions and the 40S ribosomal subunit binding to facilitate cap-independent translation. (cuny.edu)
  • The eukaryotic 80S ribosome is composed of a 60S large subunit and a 40S small subunit. (lookformedical.com)
  • Peptide Elongation Factor G catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A to the P site of bacterial ribosomes by a process linked to hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. (lookformedical.com)
  • Thus it may serve a role in bringing together various initiation factors at the site of translation initiation. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we rather show that PHBs are directly associated with the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF)4F translation complex and are targeted by FL3. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, high expression of translation initiation-related genes and PHBs genes correlated with poor survival and unfavorable clinical parameters in patients with CLL. (bvsalud.org)
  • We also unraveled a new and direct role of PHBs in translation initiation, thus creating new therapeutic opportunities for patients with CLL. (bvsalud.org)
  • TrypTag is a transformative resource, important for hypothesis generation for both eukaryotic evolutionary molecular cell biology and fundamental parasite cell biology. (nature.com)
  • We provide clues to function and define lineage-specific organelle adaptations for parasitism, mapping the ultraconserved cellular architecture of eukaryotes, including the first comprehensive 'cartographic' analysis of the eukaryotic flagellum, which is vital for morphogenesis and pathology. (nature.com)
  • Tumor suppressor APC is lost in 85% of CRCs, leading to β-catenin stabilization, activation of Wnt targets such as c-Myc (Myc) and cyclin D1 and cancer initiation, which cooperates with hyperactivated RAS/RAF/ERK, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer progression [ 2 , 3 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • T . brucei is an early-branching eukaryote (Fig. 1a ), giving enormous insight into eukaryote evolutionary cell biology and losses or gains in organelle complexity since the last eukaryotic common ancestor. (nature.com)
  • The aim of this study was to analyze the CRP gene allelic variations in the Turkish adult risk factor (TARF) study and relate them with serum CRP levels as well as MetS and its components. (nih.gov)