• They have cultured mES cells to make homozygous mutant cells from heterozygous cells, to delete genes in targeted mES cells using Cre-recombinase, and to create embryoid bodies to promote differentiation of mES cells into multiple cell lineages. (ny.gov)
  • All cell lines differentiated into three embryonic germ lineages in embryoid bodies and into neural cell lineages when cultured in neural differentiation medium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study, a side-by-side comparison of the ability to maintain an undifferentiated state and to self-renew under standard conditions, the ability to spontaneously differentiate into cell types of three germ layers in embryonic bodies, and directed differentiation under neural differentiation-promoting conditions was made between three NIH registered hESC lines I3, I6 and BG01V. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Czyz J, Wobus A. Embryonic stem cell differentiation: the role of extracellular factors. (razavihospital.ir)
  • Engineering the embryoid body microenvironment to direct embryonic stem cell differentiation. (razavihospital.ir)
  • Kurosawa H. Methods for inducing embryoid body formation: in vitro differentiation system of embryonic stem cells. (razavihospital.ir)
  • In this study, we induced iPSCs differentiation into RPCs using a nephrogenic cocktail of factors combined with the renal epithelial cell growth medium. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We showed that the differentiation efficiency of iPSCs to RPCs increased when cultured with renal epithelial cell growth medium after stimulation with a nephrogenic cocktail of factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Systematic analysis of embryonic stem cell differentiation in hydrodynamic environments with controlled embryoid body size. (gladstone.org)
  • The sensitivity of stem cells to environmental perturbations has prompted many studies which aim to characterize the influence of mechanical factors on stem cell morphogenesis and differentiation. (gladstone.org)
  • However, previous studies of hydrodynamic cultures have been limited in their ability to distinguish confounding factors that may affect differentiation, including modulation of embryoid body size in response to changes in the hydrodynamic environment. (gladstone.org)
  • In this study, we demonstrate the ability to control and maintain embryoid body (EB) size using a combination of forced aggregation formation and rotary orbital suspension culture, in order to assess the impact of hydrodynamic cultures on ESC differentiation, independent of EB size. (gladstone.org)
  • We used in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells through embryoid bodies as a model to analyze chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation because embryonic stem cells recapitulate early embryonic developmental phases during in vitro differentiation. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • In clonal cultures of chondrocytes isolated from embryoid bodies, additional mesenchymal cell types expressing adipogenic properties were observed, which suggests that the subcultured chondrocytes indeed exhibit a certain differentiation plasticity. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • HP1β is important for mesodermal differentiation of embryoid bodies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The murine embryonic stem (ES) cell line, ES-D3 was used in this project as a model for (a) investigating controversial aspects of current protocols used for the derivation of (3 cell types from ES cells and (b) investigating the potential to regulate the differentiation of ES cells into endodermal derivatives 1 e 0-1 ike cells, using extra-cellular factors previously associated with various aspects of pancreatic development. (dcu.ie)
  • This protocol introduces how to generate heart organoids from mouse embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies (EB) in the presence of the laminin-entactin (LN/ET) complex and fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) by three consecutive steps, 1) the culture of ESCs, 2) in vitro differentiation of ESCs into EBs and 3) in vitro culture of EBs for the generation of heart organoids. (researchsquare.com)
  • Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
  • These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • In the present study, cells morphology and cells viability were evaluated by using a scanning electron microscopy and MTT assay respectively.The results of this study demonstrated the positive effect of 3D cultures, by using suitable factors, on definitive endoderm differentiation.definitive endoderm by using IDE1(induced definitive endoderm). (ac.ir)
  • After development of the optic vesicle from the induced stem cell embryoid body in three-dimensional culture, conversion to two-dimensional culture, achieved by supplementation with BDNF, resulted in differentiation of RGCs at a rate of nearly 90% as indicated by a marginal subregion of an extruded clump of cells, suggesting the formation of an optic vesicle. (nih.gov)
  • The use of highly defined culture conditions and the avoidance of feeder cells or embryoid bodies allowed synchronous and reproducible differentiation to occur. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Another assay used to verify functional pluripotency is in vitro embryoid body formation. (genengnews.com)
  • Mouse ES cells have been widely utilized as an in vitro model to study cardiogenesis, as cardiomyocytes were found to spontaneously differentiate from ES cells after withdrawal of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor), which functions to maintain the pluripotency of undifferentiated mouse ES cells [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular reprogramming to iPSCs has uncovered unsuspected links between tumor suppressors and pluripotency factors. (oncotarget.com)
  • Researchers observe the beginning of embryonic stem cells dividing into upper and lower body sections. (bigthink.com)
  • Earlier research using mouse embryoids demonstrated symmetry breaking, and it was observed in human embryonic stem cells a few years ago, leading to the hope that symmetry breaking might also occur in an experimental embryoid if the model emulated the real thing well enough. (bigthink.com)
  • Professor Gronostajski's lab uses mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (mES) to make mice with mutations in the genes for the Nuclear Factor I transcription factors. (ny.gov)
  • Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) possess the ability to self-renew in an undifferentiated state in culture while retaining the ability to differentiate into all of the cell types in the human body. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because embryonic stem cells are capable of becoming virtually every type of cell in the human body, understanding how they do so might provide the chance to harness that process to make a limitless supply of specific cells for therapeutic purposes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This is important, because some ischaemic diseases have added complicating factors such as a hypoxic and pro-inflammatory microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For a few weeks, the researchers fed the stem cells nutrients, glucose, acids and growth factors that enabled the development and formation of so-called embryoid bodies, which contain the first recognizable stage where tissues begin to differentiate. (scienceblog.com)
  • Global analysis of the expression patterns of transcriptional regulatory factors in formation of embryoid bodies using sensitive oligonucleotide microarray systems. (ucsd.edu)
  • Komura H, Ogita H, Ikeda W, Mizoguchi A, Miyoshi J, Takai Y. Establishment of cell polarity by afadin during the formation of embryoid bodies. (razavihospital.ir)
  • The transplantation of iPSC-derived RPCs decreased the levels of biomarkers indicative of renal injury and attenuated the necrosis and apoptosis of renal tissues, but resulted in the up-regulation of renal tubules formation, cell proliferation, and the expression of pro-renal factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By contrast, it has been implicated in hemangioblast formation in embryoid bodies. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Culture of ES cells in suspension leads to the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs). (dcu.ie)
  • Embryoid body formation yielded beating cardiomyocyte-like cells, which expressed early and late cardiac-specific markers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Loss of CD47 allows sustained proliferation of primary murine endothelial cells and enables these cells to spontaneously reprogram to form multipotent embryoid body-like clusters. (wikidoc.org)
  • We were quite surprised to find that these steps proceeded spontaneously, without the need for stimulation by growth factors or other chemicals," says Zambidis. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The transcription factor Nfix is essential for normal brain development. (ny.gov)
  • The transcription factor, Scl/Tal1 (stem cell leukemia protein), is essential for hematopoiesis but thought to be required only for remodeling of endothelium in mouse embryos. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Necdin-related MAGE proteins differentially interact with the E2F1 transcription factor and the p75 neurotrophin receptor. (wikigenes.org)
  • What makes stem cells so attractive for research is that they start off in an undifferentiated state - they're capable of becoming anything in the human body. (bigthink.com)
  • Both ES cells and iPS cells are pluripotent stem cells with capabilities of indefinite self-renewal and can be differentiated into almost all cell types of the body, which make them valuable for studying early developmental biology, for modeling and as therapy for human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the new work, Hopkins scientists and colleagues from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine used laboratory-grown dishes of human stem cells, in clumps called human embryoid bodies, and observed three distinct steps taken by stem cells on their way to becoming blood cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Now a study identifies a particular growth factor - bone morphogenetic protein 4 , or "BMP4″- that appears to be the trigger for a critical event, "symmetry breaking. (bigthink.com)
  • To test their embryoid, the researchers exposed it to a range of chemical signals the placenta releases during pregnancy until they got to bone morphogenetic protein. (bigthink.com)
  • Interestingly, three soluble factors released from imMKCLs in the turbulent flow condition, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), insulin growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), and nardilysin (NRDC), enhanced platelet production. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Embryonic stem (ES) cells are naturally derived from early stage embryos and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are reprogrammed from somatic cells with overexpression of four reprogramming factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We also highlight recent studies identifying the cis -regulatory elements such as enhancers at the global level and explain how their developmental activity is regulated by the cooperation of cell-type specific and ubiquitous transcription factors with extrinsic signals. (amegroups.org)
  • Methods and Results: The pMXs vector containing mouse cDNAs for Yamanaka's quartet of stemness factors were used for transduction of SMs purified from male Oct4-GFP transgenic mouse. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The researchers' conclusion regarding BMP4 is just part of what they've achieved - the study also validates the unique 3D model, or "embryoid," they developed as being accurate enough to use in laboratory investigations of other developmental processes. (bigthink.com)
  • Chondrocytes isolated from embryoid bodies initially dedifferentiated in culture but later re-expressed characteristics of mature chondrocytes. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • This therapy also led to significant reductions in serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), two inflammatory cytokines associated with SLE. (nature.com)
  • Researchers are prohibited from creating embryoids whose development goes beyond that of a natural 14-day-old. (bigthink.com)
  • Nuclear factor I coordinates multiple phases of cerebellar granule cell development via regulation of cell adhesion molecules. (ny.gov)
  • With the addition of new composition media, nutrients and growth factors, they grew large enough to eventually develop the tissue out of which the brain forms, called the neuroectoderm. (scienceblog.com)
  • The process of redifferentiation was completely inhibited by transforming growth factor β3. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Cell-to-cell signalling is induced by specific ligands such as growth factors which activate their cognate receptor molecules. (amegroups.org)
  • ES cells were aggregated into three-dimensional structures, termed embryoid bodies (EBs), and suspended in media containing fetal calf serum. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Considerable time and effort has been spent in developing targeted therapies to fight SLE, yet only one therapy, belimumab (Benlysta), a monoclonal antibody targeting B cell-activating factor, or BAFF, has been approved for the treatment of SLE in the last half-century 16 . (nature.com)