• These pathways converge to a common point, the formation of the Factor Xa/Va complex which together with calcium and bound on a phospholipids surface, generate thrombin (Factor IIa) from prothrombin (Factor II). (wikipedia.org)
  • An amount of PIXI which inhibited by 50% factor XIa cleavage of the chromogenic substrate S2366 (Pyr-Glu-Pro-Arg-pNA-2H2O) only slightly inhibited (5-9%) factor XIIa, plasma kallikrein, plasmin, and activated protein C and did not inhibit factor Xa, thrombin, tPA, or trypsin, suggesting specificity for factor XIa. (qxmd.com)
  • These factors are joined by coagulation factor V. Through the two factors coagulation factor Xa and coagulation factor Va, thrombin is produced, which then uses fibrinogen alpha, beta, and gamma chains to create fibrin (loose). (smpdb.ca)
  • [ 1 ] Factor XI enhances generation of thrombin at the platelet surface. (medscape.com)
  • Coagulation factors interact on platelet and endothelial cell surfaces to produce thrombin , which converts fibrinogen to fibrin. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Throughout further analysis PCI revealed wide protease reactivity and was known as inhibitor of different coagulation factors, like thrombin, factor Xa and XIa, but also of fibrinolytic enzymes, uncovering PCI as a balancing factor in hemostasis [3], [4]. (cancerhugs.com)
  • Coagulation factor XIa is produced through coagulation factor XIIa which converts coagulation XI to become coagulation factor XIa. (smpdb.ca)
  • Coagulation factor XIIa is introduced through chain of activation starting in the endothelial cell with collagen alpha-1 (I) chain, which paired with coagulation factor XII activates coagulation factor XIIa. (smpdb.ca)
  • It is also activated through plasma prekallikrein and coagulation factor XIIa which activate plasma kallikrein, which then pairs with coagulation factor XII simultaneously with the previous collagen chain pairing to activate coagulation XIIa. (smpdb.ca)
  • It can be activated in vitro by activated factor XII (XIIa). (medscape.com)
  • Crystal structures of the recombinant β-factor XIIa protease with bound Thr-Arg and Pro-Arg substrate mimetics. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • It inhibits multiple enzymes, including C1s&r of the CP and MASP-1&2 of the LP, plasmin in the fibrinolytic system and Factor XIIa&XIa of the contact and coagulation system. (hycultbiotech.com)
  • Factor IX is activated by either factor XIa or the factor VIIa/tissue factor/phospholipid complex. (prottech.com.cn)
  • Either activated factor XI (XIa) or the activated factor VII (VIIa)-tissue factor complex may activate factor IX. (medscape.com)
  • PCCs may also contain small amounts of factors VIIa, IXa, and Xa. (medscape.com)
  • Lastly, the previously transported coagulation factor VII and tissue factor coming from a vascular injury work together to activate tissue factor: coagulation factor VIIa. (smpdb.ca)
  • Factor IXa is produced from its inactive precursor, factor IX, via proteolytic cleavage by factor XIa or the tissue factor/factor VIIa/phospholipid complex. (cellsystems.eu)
  • A low molecular weight platelet inhibitor of factor XIa (PIXI) has been purified 250-fold from releasates of washed and stimulated human platelets. (qxmd.com)
  • Immunoblot analysis showed that PIXI is not the inhibitory domain of protease nexin II, a potent inhibitor of factor XIa also secreted from platelets. (qxmd.com)
  • Activated factor IX (IXa), complexed with activated factor VIII (VIIIa) on a phospholipid membrane surface, activates factor X, and activity normally expressed on the surface of activated platelets. (medscape.com)
  • Platelets express a receptor/binding protein for factor IXa that promotes assembly of the IXa/VIIIa complex. (medscape.com)
  • Binding of factor XIa to activated platelets localizes it to the site of clot formation and protects it from plasma protease inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • Fibrinogen binds to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complexes of adjacent platelets, connecting them into aggregates. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Kinetic analyses of the effect of PIXI on factor XIa activity demonstrated mixed-type, noncompetitive inhibition of S2366 cleavage and of factor IX activation with Ki's of 7 x 10(-8) and 3.8 x 10(-9) M, respectively. (qxmd.com)
  • The inhibition by PIXI of factor XIa-catalyzed activation of factor IX and its capacity to prevent factor XIa inactivation by alpha 1-protease inhibitor, combined with the specificity of PIXI for factor XIa among serine proteases found in blood, suggest a role for PIXI in the regulation of intrinsic coagulation. (qxmd.com)
  • Factor IXa is readily inhibited by antithrombin III, and this inhibition is greatly accelerated by the presence of heparin. (cellsystems.eu)
  • The authors suggested that the risk of venous thrombosis and ischemic stroke may be significantly reduced by pharmacologic inhibition of factor XI, with no clear evidence demonstrating that this therapy would increase the risk for major bleeding. (medscape.com)
  • The affinity of this protein for factor Xa is increased 1000-fold by the presence of protein Z, while it does not require protein Z for inactivation of factor XI. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kcentra, manufactured by CSL Behring, is a concentrate containing coagulation Factors II, VII, IX and X, and antithrombotic Proteins C and S. The factor Xa protease can be used in biochemistry to cleave off protein tags that improve expression or purification of a protein of interest. (wikipedia.org)
  • Products available on the market include prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs), which contain prothrombin, factors VII and X, and proteins C and S in addition to factor IX. (medscape.com)
  • From there, this protein complex is catalyzed into prothrombinase complex, the group of proteins mentioned above, contributing to the above process ending in fibrin degradation products. (smpdb.ca)
  • During the cascade process, the body sequentially activates coagulation factors , which are proteins that create a net of fibrin threads, which weave them through the platelet plug making a stable firm fibrin blood clot, whilst still allowing blood to flow through the damage vessel. (labtestsonline.org.uk)
  • The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor family (MiT family) proteins are evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that perform many essential biological functions. (molcells.org)
  • To determine which transcription factors bind to the promoter, we carried out a systematic search for the binding proteins using the 1142 bp Gal-T-II promoter fragment containing both positive and negative regulatory regions in a combination of DNA pull-down assay and transcription factor array analysis. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Factor IXab is the catalytic component of the "intrinsic factor Xase complex" (factor VIIIa/IXa/Ca2+/phospholipid) which proteolytically activates factor X to factor Xa. (prottech.com.cn)
  • Coming back to the factors transported from the liver, coagulation factor X is catalyzed into a group of enzymes called the tenase complex: coagulation factor IX and coagulation factor VIIIa (platelet factor 3). (smpdb.ca)
  • This protein complex is also contributed to by coagulation factor VIII, which through prothrombin is catalyzed into coagulation factor VIIIa. (smpdb.ca)
  • The factor IXa enzymatic activity is greatly enhanced by inclusion of its cofactor, factor VIIIa, in the presence of calcium ions on a phospholipid surface. (cellsystems.eu)
  • Factor IX is a glycoprotein, which is synthesized in the liver. (prottech.com.cn)
  • von Willebrand factor (vWF), the macromolecular plasma glycoprotein named for its contribution to the hereditary bleeding disorder known as von Willebrand disease (vWD), functions as a key regulator of primary hemostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ii) Determination of the platelet receptor glycoprotein Ib extracellular domain and von Willebrand factor A1 domain structures (iii) determination of the coagulation factor xi structure. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Once there, prothrombin is catalyzed into the protein complex prothrombinase complex which is made up of coagulation factor Xa/coagulation factor Va (platelet factor 3). (smpdb.ca)
  • Initial platelet adhesion is to long strings of von Willebrand factor (VWF) that have been previously secreted by, and anchored to, stimulated endothelial cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • To date, 191 crystal structures of factor Xa with various inhibitors have been deposited in the protein data bank. (wikipedia.org)
  • Factor Xa inhibitors generally bind in an L-shaped conformation, where one group of the ligand occupies the anionic S1 pocket lined by residues Asp189, Ser195, and Tyr228, and another group of the ligand occupies the aromatic S4 pocket lined by residues Tyr99, Phe174, and Trp215. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also have collaborative interests in determining structures of protein complexes formed with anti-cancer and anti-thrombosis inhibitors. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • One emerging category of anticoagulant drugs are Factor XI/XIa (FXI) inhibitors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Targeting the coagulation cascade, clinical trials of Factor XIa inhibitors have shown promising results in preventing blood clot formation without increasing the instances of spontaneous and/or pathological bleeding events. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this review, we discuss a brief history of anticoagulation therapy, followed by an analysis of the potential risks, benefits, and implications of Factor XI/XIa inhibitors across elements of patient care. (bvsalud.org)
  • Factor X is activated, by hydrolysis, into factor Xa by both factor IX (with its cofactor, factor VIII in a complex known as intrinsic tenase) and factor VII with its cofactor, tissue factor (a complex known as extrinsic tenase). (wikipedia.org)
  • Traditional models of coagulation developed in the 1960s envisaged two separate cascades, the extrinsic (tissue factor (TF)) pathway and the intrinsic pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • Research on the GC-hemostasis association has revealed that the increased expression of tissue factor (TF) promotes the pathogenic conditions of coagulation, tumor growth, and angiogenesis [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recognition of antigens by T-cells is mediated by T-cell receptor (TCR), which binds to peptides presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) found on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (6). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • This enzyme also catalyzes precursors of prothrombin and coagulation factors VII, IX and X to prothrombin, and coagulation factors VII, IX and X. From there, these precursors and factors leave the liver cell and enter into the blood capillary bed. (smpdb.ca)
  • Factor X, also known by the eponym Stuart-Prower factor, is an enzyme (EC 3.4.21.6) of the coagulation cascade. (wikipedia.org)
  • The flavonoid biosynthetic genes, which encode these enzymes, are transcriptionally regulated by MYB family transcription factors (TFs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The NH2-terminal region contains 12 g-carboxyglutamic acid (gla) residues, which facilitate the calcium dependent binding of factor IX to negatively charged phospholipid surfaces. (prottech.com.cn)
  • Two domains which are homologous to epidermal growth factor (EGF) span the region between the NH2-terminal gla domain and the activation peptide (Ala-146 to Arg-180). (prottech.com.cn)
  • The activation results from the cleavage of two peptide bonds in the factor IX molecule, releasing an activation glycopeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 10,000. (cellsystems.eu)
  • Following cleavage of the precursor prepro-vWF form, the mature vWF is stored in Weibel-Palade bodies until its release is stimulated by various secretagogues or pathological stimuli, including inflammatory factors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Factor Xa is inactivated by protein Z-dependent protease inhibitor (ZPI), a serine protease inhibitor (serpin). (wikipedia.org)
  • PIXI can prevent stable complex formation between alpha 1-protease inhibitor and factor XIa light chain as demonstrated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (qxmd.com)
  • The heavy chain of factor IXa (Mr = 28,000) contains the serine protease catalytic domain, while the light chain (Mr = 17,000) contains the membrane binding domain. (cellsystems.eu)
  • Factor IXa functions as a serine protease involved in the activation of the zymogen, factor X, to form the enzyme, factor Xa. (cellsystems.eu)
  • Factor XI is synthesized in the liver and megakaryocytes and is an 80-kd zymogen precursor of a serine protease. (medscape.com)
  • After the binding of the MHC/peptide complex to the TCR, the TCR heterodimer interacts with the antigen and facilitates clustering of the CD3 complex, which mediates further signalling that initiates T-cell activation (6). (cambridgemedicine.org)
  • von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a potent regulator of angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The findings show how a crucial enzyme in our blood, known as ADAMTS13, works like a pair of molecular scissors to carefully cut back the clotting effects of a key protein, von Willebrand factor (VWF). (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • The most commonly used anticoagulants in clinical practice, warfarin and the heparin series of anticoagulants and fondaparinux, act to inhibit the action of Factor Xa in various degrees. (wikipedia.org)
  • Congratulations, Dr. Xia Yang , on making it to the finalists for this year's Excellence in Postdoctoral Mentoring Award! (ucla.edu)
  • The human factor X gene is located on chromosome 13 (13q34). (wikipedia.org)
  • The gene for factor XI is located on chromosome 4. (medscape.com)
  • In mice, knockout of the gene for factor XI does not lead to death in utero. (medscape.com)
  • DNA variants) and environmental risk factors (e.g., diets, environmental pollutants) perturb specific gene networks which in turn induce variations in disease susceptibility and therapeutic response. (ucla.edu)
  • Some ACAD9 gene mutations disrupt complex I assembly as well as long-chain fatty acid oxidation, while others affect only complex I assembly. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These data indicate that the basal regulation of Gal-T-II gene transcription involves multiple transcription factors, some of which may be present in complexes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • However, the key factors at gene level influencing athlete's metabolism have been rarely studied. (biomedcentral.com)
  • there is some evidence that factor IX mutants lacking collagen-IV binding may exhibit greater recovery but may be associated with a mild bleeding tendency. (medscape.com)
  • [ 7 ] In a mouse model, factor XI appears to play a greater role in thrombosis than in hemostasis. (medscape.com)
  • [ 10 ] which, though significant, are not as severe as those seen in hemophilia A or hemophilia B . This finding reflects the important role factor XI plays in hemostasis. (medscape.com)
  • This process is optimized when factor Xa is complexed with activated co-factor V in the prothrombinase complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Factor X is part of fresh frozen plasma and the prothrombinase complex. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme helps coagulation factor X catalyze into coagulation factor Xa, to contribute to the prothrombinase complex and complete the pathway. (smpdb.ca)
  • There are two commercially available Factor X concentrates: "Factor X P Behring" manufactured by CSL Behring, and high purity Factor X Coagadex produced by Bio Products Laboratory and approved for use in the United States by the FDA in October 2015, and in the EU in March 2016, after earlier acceptance by CHMP and COMP. (wikipedia.org)
  • Older patients who received unpurified plasma‐derived clotting factor concentrates may have signs and symptoms of infectious disease (eg, hepatitis, HIV infection). (medscape.com)
  • Defects in protein Z lead to increased factor Xa activity and a propensity for thrombosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Deficiency of vitamin K or antagonism by warfarin (or similar medication) leads to the production of an inactive factor X. In warfarin therapy, this is desirable to prevent thrombosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In factor IX-deficient patients with liver dysfunction, inability of the diseased liver to clear the activated factors may lead to thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • [ 10 ] Recombinant factor IX products appear not to give rise to thrombosis. (medscape.com)
  • On the other hand, a study by Georgi et al indicated that in persons genetically disposed to lower concentrations of factor XI, the risk of venous thrombosis and ischemic stroke are reduced. (medscape.com)
  • Employing data related to genetic variants that alter factor XI levels, the investigators found that in these individuals, the odds ratios (ORs) for venous thrombosis and ischemic stroke were 0.1 and 0.47, respectively, with the OR for major bleeding being 0.7. (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, the results indicated that among patients with lower factor XI levels, the absolute risk reductions are greater in individuals at high risk for thrombosis, including those with atrial fibrillation or cancer. (medscape.com)
  • 7] found higher APC-PCI complex levels in patients suffering from disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic thrombocytopenia, acute myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis. (cancerhugs.com)
  • Exploration of biomedical dendrimer space based on in-vitro physicochemical parameters: Key factor analysis (Part 1). (dhu.edu.cn)
  • A PRODUCTION OF FLAVONOL GLYCOSIDES (PFG)-type MYB transcription factor PbMYB12b was also screened for because of its correlation with flavonol accumulation in pear fruit. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mammals, the MiT family consists of MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor or melanocyte-inducing transcription factor), TFEB (transcription factor EB), TFE3 (transcription factor E3), and TFEC (transcription factor EC). (molcells.org)
  • These transcriptional factors belong to the basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor family and bind the E-box DNA motifs in the promoter regions of target genes to enhance transcription. (molcells.org)
  • Analysis of the promoter sequence revealed a number of potential binding sites for known transcription factors. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Twenty-seven transcription factors bound to consensus sites in the promoter region. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In addition, four other factors without consensus binding sites in this region were also recruited, possibly as components of transcription factor complexes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These effects of diabetic plasma on enzyme activity and cell adhesion, mediated by PKCβ2-dependent phosphorylation of the core 2 GlcNAc-T protein, were found to be triggered by increased plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • PAMAM Dendrimer-Coordinated Copper(II) Complexes as a Theranostic Nanoplatform for Radiotherapy-Enhanced MR Imaging and Chemotherapy of Tumors and Tumor Metastasis. (dhu.edu.cn)
  • A Non-canonical Pathway with Potential for Safer Modulation of Transforming Growth Factor-beta 1 in Steroid-Resistant Airway Diseases. (mpg.de)
  • The hemostatic pathway: role of factor IX. (medscape.com)
  • Factor X is synthesized in the liver and requires vitamin K for its synthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Factor X is synthesized in the liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 13 ] AT forms a 1:1 irreversible complex with its target active enzyme, and the complex is cleared by the liver with loss of target enzyme activity. (medscape.com)
  • Factor IX (plasma thromboplastin component [PTC]) is produced in the liver. (medscape.com)
  • Factor IX is produced in the liver. (medscape.com)
  • Then zooming in even further to the endoplasmic reticulum within the liver, vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide uses vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 to become reduced vitamin K (phylloquinone), and then back to vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide continually through vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylase. (smpdb.ca)
  • Another enzyme transported from the liver is coagulation factor IX which becomes coagulation factor IXa, part of the tense complex, through coagulation factor XIa. (smpdb.ca)
  • MiR171h restricts root symbioses and shows like its target NSP2 a complex transcriptional regulation in Medicago truncatula. (mpg.de)
  • Numerous genetic, acquired, and environmental factors can tip. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Our research is built upon the hypothesis that the complex interactions between genetic (i.e. (ucla.edu)
  • By developling and applying integrative multiomics and systems biology approaches that leverage genetic, transcriptomics, epigenomic, metabolomic, microbiome, and phenotypic data from human and rodent populations, we aim to identify causal molecular networks and key regulators that contribute to the development of human complex diseases and further utilize the disease networks to guide therapeutics. (ucla.edu)
  • 13. Jinyuan Liu, Zhijuan Xiong, Jiulong Zhang, Chen Peng*, Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz*, Mingwu Shen*, Xiangyang Shi* .Zwitterionic Gadolinium (III)-Complexed Dendrimer-Entrapped Gold Nanoparticles for Enhanced Computed Tomography/Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Lung Cancer Metastasis. (dhu.edu.cn)
  • Inborn deficiency of factor X is very rare (1:1,000,000), and may present with epistaxis (nosebleeds), hemarthrosis (bleeding into joints) and gastrointestinal blood loss. (wikipedia.org)
  • Deficiency of factor XI is a congenital condition that is inherited in an autosomal-recessive fashion. (medscape.com)
  • Currently, the molecular mechanisms involved in induction of oocyte meiotic resumption in the pre-ovulatory follicle which may include (involve) the elimination of meiosis inhibiting factors and/or the accumulation or activation of oocyte matu-ration signals are actively studied. (kiev.ua)
  • Although factor IX products synthesized via recombinant DNA technology prevent transmission of prion disease, they are generally associated with lower intravascular recovery of factor IX than purified factor IX products prepared from plasma are. (medscape.com)
  • Plasma kallikrein structure reveals apple domain disc rotated conformation compared to factor XI. (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • Studies have also shown that acute renal graft rejection causes increased levels of C1rsC1-inhibitor complexes in plasma. (hycultbiotech.com)
  • The increasing levels of C1rsC1-inhibitor complexes can already be detected in plasma several days before the first clinical signs are present, suggesting acute renal graft rejection. (hycultbiotech.com)
  • Hemophilia B, or Christmas disease, is an inherited, recessive disorder that involves deficiency of functional coagulation factor IX (FIX) in plasma. (medscape.com)
  • By exploiting ambra1a and ambra1b knockout zebrafish lines, we prove the sub-functionalization between the two paralogous zebrafish genes and uncover a novel function of Ambra1 in the protection from excessive PGC loss, which seems to require binding with the CUL4-DDB1 complex. (biomedcentral.com)