AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
Abducens Nerve DiseasesAbducens NerveFacial ParalysisFacial NerveFacial Nerve DiseasesFacial Nerve InjuriesHorner SyndromeCranial Nerve DiseasesDiplopiaCavernous SinusAbducens Nerve InjuryOphthalmoplegiaOculomotor Nerve DiseasesParalysisNeuritisSkull Fracture, BasilarPetrous BoneCerebral PalsyEyelidsMucoceleCranial Nerve NeoplasmsBell PalsyParotitisMagnetic Resonance ImagingOculomotor NerveSkull NeoplasmsLyme NeuroborreliosisNerve Compression SyndromesPityriasisOculomotor MusclesTrochlear NerveTrochlear Nerve DiseasesFacial MusclesTrigeminal NerveEye PainPeroneal NeuropathiesCranial NervesHypoglossal Nerve DiseasesHospitals, RuralDuane Retraction SyndromeSciatic NerveEye MovementsTomography, X-Ray ComputedRadial NeuropathyCranial Fossa, PosteriorNeurilemmomaPeripheral NervesVocal Cord ParalysisTemporal BoneDura MaterNeuroma, AcousticRecurrent Laryngeal NerveSkull BaseRadial NerveNerve FibersNerve RegenerationFacial ExpressionAccessory NerveOptic NerveElectronystagmographyMastoidBrain StemParotid NeoplasmsHemifacial SpasmUlnar NeuropathiesOtologic Surgical ProceduresFemoral NeuropathyMobius SyndromeFacial InjuriesMedian NervePeripheral Nerve InjuriesPonsPhrenic NerveTrochlear Nerve InjuriesFemoral NerveMotor NeuronsTurtlesStrabismusBlinkingBlepharoptosisEsotropiaNerve BlockSural NerveTrigeminal Nerve DiseasesOculomotor Nerve InjuriesHerpes Zoster OticusMeningiomaNerve EndingsHumeral FracturesSkull FracturesAccessory Nerve InjuriesNeural ConductionAnisocoriaMydriasisNerve CrushUlnar NerveFacial BonesParesis
Trigeminal nerveOculomotor nerveLeft abducens nerve palsyTrochlearBell's palsySixthEtiologyLesionIpsilateral abducensOptic nerveDiplopiaPresenting with unilateralCalled Bell palsyUnilateral or bilateralMusclesDiagnosisSymptomHypoglossal nerveCongenital facial paralysisClinicalDroopDisordersPosterior communicating aLower MotorParesisWeaknessInjuryLymeVestibularContralateralSyndromesTraumaticAnatomicalSubarachnoidPresentationOlfactoryCases of facialSpinalBrainstemSyndromeSymptomsGlossopharyngealNucleiDiseasesIntracranialDistalTraumaInvolvementCorticosteroidsBilateral facial paralysisMedullaPeripheral nervesRarely
Trigeminal nerve10
Oculomotor nerve3
  • The blood lines and nasogastric suction, or cl- diarrhea, are usually found in stages beginning with abducens or oculomotor nerve palsy and bilateral involvement on a regular elimination routine based on behavioral interventions, and interventions as those for adult health, the following measures helpful in providing a sense of control. (oaksofwellington.com)
  • Benedict syndrome (BS) is caused by a stroke in the midbrain and usually presents as an ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy with contralateral hemi- tremor . (symptoma.com)
  • A painful oculomotor nerve palsy is considered a neurosurgical emergency. (surgical-neurology.com)
Left abducens nerve palsy3
Trochlear3
Bell's palsy11
  • Trauma, Bell's palsy and tumour extirpation are examples of secondary or acquired facial paralysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bell's palsy or idiopathic facial paralysis is a condition which leads to facial paralysis, however, without a known cause. (wikipedia.org)
  • Figure 1 shows the cranial nerve which gets affected in bell's palsy. (scirp.org)
  • Bell's palsy is termed as a one-sided facial nerve paralysis. (scirp.org)
  • Shows the facial nerve VII which gets affected in bell's palsy. (scirp.org)
  • Bell's palsy is a form of facial paralysis resulting from a dysfunction of the cranial nerve VII which controls the muscles of the face (the facial nerve), causing an inability to control facial muscles on the affected side. (scirp.org)
  • 1 Bell's palsy is the most common cause of unilateral facial palsy, but differential FD diagnoses include Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), Lyme disease, brainstem stroke, sarcoidosis, and tuberculous meningitis. (e-acn.org)
  • Bell's palsy: cancel the code stroke? (emboardbombs.com)
  • Bell's palsy is the most common peripheral paralysis of the facial nerve or cranial nerve VII, has an incidence of 20 per 100,000 and carries a lifetime risk of 1 in 60. (emboardbombs.com)
  • This can help differentiate between Bell's palsy and stroke. (emboardbombs.com)
  • The key with all suspected Bell's Palsy patients is to get a very good history, perform a detailed neurological exam, and look for any associated signs or symptoms. (emboardbombs.com)
Sixth6
  • The later one is sixth nerve palsy, (the abducens nerve), which is responsible for triggering contraction of the lateral rectus muscle to abduct (i.e., turn out) the eye resulting in double vision on the affected side. (scirp.org)
  • Abducens nerve palsies, or sixth nerve palsies, results in weakness of the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle. (symptoma.com)
  • The patient suffered a sixth nerve palsy following surgery, which was later corrected by strabismus surgery. (barrowneuro.org)
  • Diplopia worse with distance is more typical of sixth nerve palsy because of difficulty with divergence at distance of the eyes while diplopia worse at near is more suggestive of medial rectus palsy because of the need for convergence of the eyes at near. (eyewiki.org)
  • Traumatic injury to the abducens, or sixth, cranial nerve. (uchicago.edu)
  • The cranial nerves that come from the pontomedullary junction are the sixth (VI) and seventh (VII) cranial nerves. (proprofs.com)
Etiology4
  • Abducens nerve palsy is a common clinical finding in neurology practice and the etiology of the palsy is complicated. (hindawi.com)
  • Then, papilledema , visual deficits, and symptoms suggestive of a central nervous system (CNS) infection of any etiology (bacterial, viral, fungal ) may be seen if the nerve is compromised in the subarachnoid space, as various tumors, sarcoidosis , pseudotumor cerebri and meningitis have been described as potential etiologies [1]. (symptoma.com)
  • Pathologic findings are variable and include brain stem nuclear aplasia, facial nerve aplasia, and facial muscle aplasia, consistent with a multifactorial etiology. (bvsalud.org)
  • Reappraisal of the Etiology of Abducens Nerve Palsy: An Anatomic and Developmental Study. (sanjayghoshmd.com)
Lesion3
  • If the nerve lesion is proximal to the geniculate ganglion, salivation, taste, and lacrimation may be impaired, and hyperacusis may be present. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A 6th Nerve Palsy can be quite common in exams, as they can be caused via extra-ocular muscle pathology, rather than any intrinsic lesion in the brain, therefore it is still vitally important. (myneurosurg.com)
  • Inability or asymmetrical facial expression is positive for CN VII lesion. (spagades.com)
Ipsilateral abducens1
Optic nerve5
Diplopia5
  • The principal symptom of abducens nerve palsy is the presence of binocular horizontal diplopia , as the eye is not able to perform abduction, resulting in lateral displacement [4] [5]. (symptoma.com)
  • Dysfunction of the nerve causes lateral rectus muscle weakness , resulting in horizontal diplopia that is maximal when the affected eye is abducted and esotropia. (symptoma.com)
  • Binocular horizontal diplopia (images displaced horizontally) is usually due to disease of the medial or lateral rectus muscle, the neuromuscular junction, or the nerves supplying these muscles (e.g., cranial nerves III or VI). (eyewiki.org)
  • Vertical diplopia (images displaced vertically) can be due to involvement of extraocular muscles, neuromuscular junction (e.g., myasthenia gravis), or cranial nerves (e.g. (eyewiki.org)
  • Ptosis and diplopia from ophthalmoplegia with an ipsilateral mydriatic pupil may suggest a third nerve palsy versus an ipsilateral miotic pupil and mild ptosis which may suggest a concomitant Horner syndrome. (eyewiki.org)
Presenting with unilateral1
  • In this case report, we aimed to draw attention to the possibility of idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting with unilateral cranial nerve VII palsy as the only cranial nerve involved, which needs a high index of suspicion by clinicians. (biomedcentral.com)
Called Bell palsy1
Unilateral or bilateral3
Muscles16
  • Facial nerve paralysis is a relatively common condition with a yearly incidence of 0.25% leading to function loss of the mimic muscles. (wikipedia.org)
  • If one or more facial nerve branches are paralysed, the corresponding mimetic muscles lose their ability to contract. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first known surgical repair of an injured facial nerve was performed by Drobnick in 1879, who connected the proximal spinal accessory nerve (innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles) to the paralysed facial nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • Individual factors can be patient age, type of paralysis (partial or complete, uni- or bilateral), denervation time of the mimetic muscles, availability of nerve grafts and medical condition of the patient. (wikipedia.org)
  • If facial paralysis is caused by trauma or tumour surgery, direct reinnervation of the facial muscles (ideally within 72 hours after facial nerve damage) can be achieved by neurorrhaphy, with or without an interposition nerve graft. (wikipedia.org)
  • 80%) causing an inability to control facial muscles on the affected side. (scirp.org)
  • Facial palsy is typified by inability to control movement in the facial muscles. (scirp.org)
  • The facial muscles are innervated peripherally (infranuclear innervation) by the ipsilateral 7th cranial nerve and centrally (supranuclear innervation) by the contralateral cerebral cortex. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The weakness may progress over hours to days to involve the arms, truncal muscles, cranial nerves, and muscles of respiration. (medscape.com)
  • Strokes can cause unilateral facial weakness, but in almost all cases, they spare the forehead muscles because the impairment is that of an upper motor neuron type (due to bilateral innervation to this area). (emboardbombs.com)
  • The rule that strokes never involve the unaffected upper facial muscles is not 100% true. (emboardbombs.com)
  • Exquisite dissections were performed to preserve the relationships of the branches of the FN and their relationship to the surrounding fascia of the temporalis muscle, the interfascial fat pad, the surrounding nerve branches, and their final terminal endpoints near the frontalis and temporalis muscles. (thejns.org)
  • This nerve carries sensory information from the face to the brain and controls the muscles involved in chewing. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve , and innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue , except for the palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus nerve . (iiab.me)
  • The nerve arises from the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla as a number of small rootlets, passes through the hypoglossal canal and down through the neck, and eventually passes up again over the tongue muscles it supplies into the tongue. (iiab.me)
  • [4] The hypoglossal nerve moves forward lateral to the hyoglossus and medial to the stylohyoid muscles and lingual nerve . (iiab.me)
Diagnosis3
  • Herein we report a case with unilateral abducens nerve palsy as initial symptom in the primary sphenoidal sinus ENKL and investigated the clinical feature of the diagnosis and therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • Many people with diabetes develop nerve damage around two decades after diagnosis. (scirp.org)
  • However, facial nerve palsy is now considered a clinical syndrome with its own differential diagnosis, and the term "Bell palsy" is not always considered synonymous with idiopathic facial nerve palsy. (msdmanuals.com)
Symptom5
  • [ 1 ] Facial diplegia is the most noticeable symptom. (medscape.com)
  • This report is unique in two aspects: the unilateral abducens nerve palsy as the initial and isolated symptom of ENKL, and the primary sphenoidal sinus ENKL. (hindawi.com)
  • On the 7th day after symptom onset, slow-progressing facial weakness was observed, bilateral facial weakness worsened, and it became difficult for the patient to wrinkle, blink, and puff out his cheeks. (e-acn.org)
  • Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) performed 7 days after symptom onset including for late responses revealed that the median, ulnar, peroneal, tibial, and sural nerves were normal. (e-acn.org)
  • The patient remained symptom free with nonbothersome facial numbness in the V3 segment at 8-mo postoperative follow-up in clinic. (barrowneuro.org)
Hypoglossal nerve13
  • Tongue deviation from unilateral hypoglossal nerve injury (CN XII). (wikem.org)
  • Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches. (iiab.me)
  • The hypoglossal nerve arises as a series of rootlets, from the caudal brain stem, here seen from below. (iiab.me)
  • The hypoglossal nerve arises as a number of small rootlets from the front of the medulla , the bottom part of the brainstem , [1] [2] in the anterolateral sulcus which separates the olive and the pyramid . (iiab.me)
  • After emerging from the hypoglossal canal, the hypoglossal nerve gives off a meningeal branch and picks up a branch from the anterior ramus of C1 . (iiab.me)
  • At a point at the level of the angle of the mandible , the hypoglossal nerve emerges from behind the posterior belly of the digastric muscle . (iiab.me)
  • The rootlets of the hypoglossal nerve arise from the hypoglossal nucleus near the bottom of the brain stem . (iiab.me)
  • [6] Signals from muscle spindles on the tongue travel through the hypoglossal nerve, moving onto the lingual nerve which synapses on the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus . (iiab.me)
  • The hypoglossal nerve emerges as several rootlets (labelled here as number 12) from the olives of the medulla (labelled 13), part of the brainstem . (iiab.me)
  • The hypoglossal nerve leaves the skull through the hypoglossal canal , which is situated near the large opening for the spinal cord, the foramen magnum . (iiab.me)
  • After leaving the skull, the hypoglossal nerve spirals around the vagus nerve and then passes behind the deep belly of the digastric muscle . (iiab.me)
  • The hypoglossal nerve then travels deep to the hyoglossus muscle , which it supplies. (iiab.me)
  • The hypoglossal nerve is derived from the first pair of occipital somites , collections of mesoderm that form next to the main axis of an embryo during development . (iiab.me)
Congenital facial paralysis4
Clinical4
  • In fact, abducens nerve palsy is one of the most frequent nerve palsies encountered in clinical practice, with an established incidence rate of 11.3 per 100 000 individuals [3]. (symptoma.com)
  • In the correct clinical context of bilateral facial nerve palsy and suggestion of intracranial mass, get advanced imaging. (emboardbombs.com)
  • Clinical Anatomy of the Cranial Nerves combines anatomical knowledge, pathology, clinical examination, and explanation of clinical findings, drawing together material typically scattered throughout anatomical textbooks. (spagades.com)
  • Short-term effects of greater occipital nerve blocks in chronic migraine: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. (sen.es)
Droop1
  • In fact, patients often wake up seeing their facial droop and are immediately frightened they are having a stroke. (emboardbombs.com)
Disorders5
  • thus, they can be considered cranial nerve disorders, neuro-ophthalmologic. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Nerve Root Injury and Plexus Disorders (incl. (sharecare.com)
  • However, doctors must distinguish trigeminal neuralgia from other possible causes of facial pain, such as disorders of the jaw, teeth, or sinuses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Disorders of one or more of the twelve cranial nerves. (sdsu.edu)
  • With the exception of the optic and olfactory nerves, this includes disorders of the brain stem nuclei from which the cranial nerves originate or terminate. (sdsu.edu)
Posterior communicating a1
  • A pupil involving third nerve palsy may occur with subarachnoid hemorrhage from ruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysm. (eyewiki.org)
Lower Motor1
  • Rarely, ipsilateral pontine strokes or masses can lead to a lower motor neuron pattern of facial weakness. (emboardbombs.com)
Paresis5
Weakness3
  • Möbius syndrome is defined as congenital facial weakness combined with abnormal ocular abduction. (medscape.com)
  • Bells palsy is a unilateral facial weakness due to palsy in the facial nerve itself, thus involving the forehead. (emboardbombs.com)
  • Injury to this nerve results in lateral rectus muscle weakness or paralysis. (uchicago.edu)
Injury9
  • Neuropathy, or nerve injury, is a severe and common impediment of diabetes. (scirp.org)
  • Diabetic nerve injury is impairment of a single solitary nerve (also named mononeuropathy). (scirp.org)
  • [ 2 ] The injury from forceps is induced by the pressure of the posterior blade that compresses the bone overlying the vertical segment of the facial canal. (medscape.com)
  • I had Otorrhea, Rhinorrhea, Facial Palsy, Double Vision, Labored breathing, hearing loss with tinnitus and GCS of around 9 -10 (Glasgow coma scale and score of 9 to 12 is moderate brain injury)! (varunaraina.com)
  • Damage to the nerve or the neural pathways which control it can affect the ability of the tongue to move and its appearance, with the most common sources of damage being injury from trauma or surgery, and motor neuron disease . (iiab.me)
  • The prognosis for recovery of the nerve depends on how on how complete the injury is before treatment. (surgical-neurology.com)
  • Abducens Nerve Injury" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Abducens Nerve Injury" by people in this website by year, and whether "Abducens Nerve Injury" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Abducens Nerve Injury" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
Lyme3
Vestibular3
  • My Trigeminal, Facial, Abducens and Vestibular cochlear nerve was badly damaged. (varunaraina.com)
  • Cranial Nerve VIII (Vestibulocochlear Nerve): Sensory for hearing, motor for balance Vestibular branch (balance): Ask patient to march in place (Mittlemeyer Marching) with eyes closed. (spagades.com)
  • Wilhelm His Sr. (18311904) combined, in an unprecedented way, (taste bud afferents of cranial nerves VII, IX, X to the solitary tract) and dorsolateral otic placode-derived afferents provide the sole sensory input to the special somatic column consisting of the vestibular/auditory nuclei. (spagades.com)
Contralateral1
  • For example, contralateral hemiparesis , ipsilateral palsy of the facial, but also trigeminal and vestibulocochlear nerves is seen in conditions affecting the brainstem, such as Raymond's syndrome, Millard-Gubler syndrome and Foville's syndrome [1]. (symptoma.com)
Syndromes3
  • Developmental causes The causes of developmental facial paralysis are numerous and may be associated with syndromes and teratogens. (medscape.com)
  • 4 GBS and MFS have been subclassified into several subtypes, which together form a continuous spectrum of discrete and overlapping syndromes, affecting the cranial nerves and the limbs ( figure 1 ). (bmj.com)
  • Syndromes of the damage of downstream branches of the basilar artery include sudden nuclear ophthalmoplegia, horizontal gaze palsy and appendicular cerebellar ataxia. (minclinic.ru)
Traumatic1
Anatomical1
  • Certain authors have divided the pathologies that cause abducens nerve palsy according to their anatomical sites (the brain stem, subarachnoid space, the petroclival region, the cavernous sinus , and the orbit), and numerous conditions, both localized and systemic, may cause this condition [1] [2]. (symptoma.com)
Subarachnoid1
  • [3] The nerve passes through the subarachnoid space and pierces the dura mater near the hypoglossal canal , an opening in the occipital bone of the skull. (iiab.me)
Presentation1
  • We report idiopathic intracranial hypertension presenting with isolated complete unilateral facial nerve palsy, as the sole cranial nerve involved, which is a presentation rarely reported in the literature. (biomedcentral.com)
Olfactory2
  • In order reach their targets they must ultimately exit/enter the Cranial Nerve: Major Functions: I Olfactory. (spagades.com)
  • In the first, we discuss the olfactory nerve, detailing its function and describing the anatomy of this The median plane, which divides the body into left and right. (spagades.com)
Cases of facial1
Spinal4
  • 1. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves, as well as the ganglia. (spagades.com)
  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) In multiple sclerosis, patches of myelin (the substance that covers most nerve fibers) and underlying nerve fibers in the brain, optic nerves, and spinal cord are damaged or destroyed. (msdmanuals.com)
  • It then travels close to the vagus nerve and spinal division of the accessory nerve , [2] spirals downwards behind the vagus nerve and passes between the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein lying on the carotid sheath . (iiab.me)
  • The purpose of the neurologic examination is to establish whether the patient's brain, special senses, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and muscle and skin receptors are functioning normally. (merckmanuals.com)
Brainstem2
  • The abducens nerve (cranial nerve VI) is known for its very long travel from the brainstem to the ipsilateral lateral rectus muscle, where it provides an important function by stimulating abduction of the eye [1] [2]. (symptoma.com)
  • Examination of the cranial nerves allows one to "view" the brainstem all the way from its rostral to caudal extent. (spagades.com)
Syndrome8
  • Möbius syndrome is due, in part, to the loss of function of motor cranial nerves (CNs). (medscape.com)
  • Von Graefe and Möbius accepted only cases with congenital facial diplegia and bilateral abducens nerve palsies as constituting Möbius syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • suggested the use of the masseteric nerve as possible donor nerve for innervation of the transplanted muscle in patients with Moebius syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moebius syndrome is a congenital neurological disorder with bilateral paralysis of both the facial and abducens nerves. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Moebius-like syndrome, only one side of the face is affected, but with additional nerve palsies of the affected facial and abducens nerve. (wikipedia.org)
  • This syndrome may also affect other cranial nerves, with XII being the next most common. (medscape.com)
  • A neurophysiologic study of patients with sporadic Mobius syndrome demonstrated 2 distinct groups characterized by 1) increased facial distal motor latencies (DML) and poor recruitment of small neuropathic motor unit action potentials (MAUP) and 2) normal facial DMLs and neuropathic MAUPs. (medscape.com)
  • Facial diplegia (FD) rarely occurs as a regional Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) variant. (e-acn.org)
Symptoms3
  • Facial and ocular symptoms are usually the presenting problems. (medscape.com)
  • Petrous apex masses can manifest with neurologic symptoms due to their involvement of various structures, including cranial nerves (CN) V and VI. (keyopinionleaders.com)
  • 10551 ='Rib pain' 10552 ='Side pain, flank pain' 10553 ='Groin pain' 10554 ='Facial pain' 10600 ='Pain and related symptoms, generalize. (cdc.gov)
Glossopharyngeal1
  • Cranial nerve 9, also known as the Glossopharyngeal nerve, controls functions like taste and swallowing. (proprofs.com)
Nuclei1
  • Möbius himself believed that the condition was degenerative or toxic in origin and that it involved the nuclei of the affected nerves. (medscape.com)
Diseases1
  • Abducens nerve palsy may occur due to a myriad of infectious, inflammatory, genetic, or malignant diseases. (symptoma.com)
Intracranial3
  • Patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension commonly present with a headache, transient visual obscurations, and intracranial noises with some cranial nerves occasionally involved, most commonly CN VI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension should be suspected in obese young women presenting with headache and transient visual complaints and some cranial nerve abnormalities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mechanisms of cranial nerve VII palsy in idiopathic intracranial hypertension are not well understood and prompt further investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
Distal1
  • Compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were reduced in both facial nerves, and distal latency was prolonged in the right facial nerve ( Table 1 ). (e-acn.org)
Trauma5
  • The next most common cause of facial nerve paralysis is trauma (accidental or surgical). (scirp.org)
  • Trauma The most frequent cause of unilateral congenital facial palsy is birth trauma related to a difficult delivery. (medscape.com)
  • [ 5 ] The facial nerve is also susceptible to trauma as it exits the stylomastoid foramen, where soft tissue compression can lead to a transient facial neurapraxia. (medscape.com)
  • Complete transection of the facial nerve caused by birth trauma is rare. (medscape.com)
  • The nerve may be damaged by closed or penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA or by facial trauma involving the orbit. (uchicago.edu)
Involvement1
  • In a limited number of cases, CN VII (facial nerve) palsy has been reported in association with IIH and other CN and/or CNs involvement [ 8 ] and, in even fewer cases, as isolated unilateral CN VII palsy. (biomedcentral.com)
Corticosteroids2
  • Treatment may include lubrication of the eye, intermittent use of an eye patch, and, for idiopathic facial nerve palsy, corticosteroids. (msdmanuals.com)
  • If your provider diagnoses swelling or inflammation of, or around the nerve, medicines called corticosteroids may be used. (symptoma.com)
Bilateral facial paralysis1
  • 3 We report an FD case without paresthesia that was initially diagnosed as idiopathic bilateral facial paralysis and then subsequently definitively diagnosed using anti-GM1 antibodies. (e-acn.org)
Medulla1
  • Cranial nerves 9, 10, and 11 originate from the Medulla. (proprofs.com)
Peripheral nerves1
  • Many neurologists believe that GBS only affects the peripheral nerves, but this is not always the case, as 10% of patients display normal or even brisk deep tendon reflexes during the disease course. (bmj.com)
Rarely2
  • Multiple cranial nerve deficits or bilateral abducens nerve palsy associated with ENKL have been reported [ 3 ], but isolated unilateral abducens palsy is rarely reported. (hindawi.com)
  • Facial diplegia (FD) occurs very rarely in facial palsy. (e-acn.org)