PolyploidyPloidiesGenome, PlantTriploidyDiploidyFernsChromosomes, PlantTetraploidyDNA, PlantGenome SizeGene DuplicationEvolution, MolecularNoscapineAchilleaThalictrumCleomeAngiospermsEndoreduplicationGossypiumMitosisHybridization, GeneticGenes, DuplicatePhylogenyAneuploidyGenes, ChloroplastPortulacaceaeGenes, PlantTragopogonNocodazoleBiological EvolutionAurora KinasesAurora Kinase BApomixisOnagraceaeAneugensReproductive IsolationGenomic InstabilityReproduction, AsexualMegakaryocytesGametogenesis, PlantGenetic VariationAcanthaceaeRosaCytokinesisDipsacaceaeSyntenyGenetic SpeciationSolanaceaeExtreme HeatEcotypeMolecular Sequence DataCell CyclePlantsSequence Analysis, DNAPanicumIn Situ Hybridization, FluorescenceBrassica rapaSpindle ApparatusContig MappingChromosomes, Artificial, BacterialSpecies SpecificityCyclin D3OrganophosphatesGene DosageThysanopteraBrassica napusChromosomal InstabilityKaryotyping