Extrastriate cortex in adult. Medical search. Frequent questions

Rate effects (fast minus slow presentations) for Chinese character reading were observed in striate and extrastriate visual cortex, superior parietal lobule, left posterior middle temporal gyrus, bilateral inferior temporal gyri, and bilateral superior frontal gyri. (ox.ac.uk)

For instance, individuals with schizophrenia without blunted affect show activation in the following brain areas when shown emotionally negative pictures: midbrain, pons, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, ventrolateral orbitofrontal cortex, anterior temporal pole, amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex and extrastriate visual cortex. (wikipedia.org)
There is some evidence that blunted affect symptoms in schizophrenia patients are not a result of just amygdala responsiveness, but a result of the amygdala not being integrated with other areas of the brain associated with emotional processing, particularly in amygdala-prefrontal cortex coupling. (wikipedia.org)
When the connectivity between the midbrain and the medial prefrontal cortex is compromised in individuals with schizophrenia with blunted affect an absence of emotional reaction to external stimuli results. (wikipedia.org)
Individuals with schizophrenia, as well as patients being successfully reconditioned with quetiapine for blunted affect, show activation of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). (wikipedia.org)
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT When humans prepare to attend to incoming sensory information, neural oscillations in the α band (8-14 Hz) undergo desynchronization under the control of prefrontal cortex. (jneurosci.org)
Beyond the hippocampus, the medial prefrontal cortex showed statistical learning, consistent with its role in adult memory integration21 and generalization.22 These results suggest that the hippocampus supports the vital ability of infants to extract the structure of their environment through experience. (stanford.edu)
No significant drug effects were observed in the prefrontal cortex. (exeter.ac.uk)
Consistent with these results, my recent work indicates that 2- to 4-month-old infants have face-selective responses in superior temporal sulcus and medial prefrontal cortex, regions that support social-emotional cognition in adults. (visionsciences.org)

A neural population selective for song in human auditory cortex. (mit.edu)
Divergence in the Functional Organization of Human and Macaque Auditory Cortex Revealed by fMRI Responses to Harmonic Tones. (mit.edu)
Here, we removed the ECM in the primary auditory cortex (ACx) of adult Mongolian gerbils using local injections of hyaluronidase (HYase). (nature.com)
Here, we acutely weakened the ECM in the primary auditory cortex (ACx) of adult Mongolian gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus ) by local microinjections of hyaluronidase (HYase). (nature.com)
Main research - see Tallal et all (32)) This body of research has shown that many dyslexics have defects in the left auditory cortex. (w3.org)
The auditory cortex is responsible for sound naming and identification and temporal processing (such as interval, duration, and motion discrimination). (w3.org)

However, it caused a significant reduction in the positive BOLD response to hypercapnia in the bilateral primary sensorimotor cortices, bilateral extrastriate visual areas, left insula, left caudate nucleus, and left inferior temporal gyrus. (ox.ac.uk)
So far, it has been supposed that the sensorimotor cortex was the anatomical substrate of these excitability changes, which could represent an early change in cortical network function before structural plasticity occurs. (springer.com)
Interpositus neurons, which receive inputs from both sensorimotor cortex and the spinal cord, are involved in somesthetic reflex behaviors and assist the cerebral cortex in transforming sensory signals to motor-oriented commands by acting via the cerebello-thalamo-cortical projections. (springer.com)

α Oscillations in sensory cortex, under frontal control, desynchronize during attentive preparation. (jneurosci.org)
Here, in a selective attention study with simultaneous EEG in humans of either sex, we first demonstrate that diminished anticipatory α synchrony between the mid-frontal region of the dorsal attention network and ventral visual sensory cortex [frontal-sensory synchrony (FSS)] significantly correlates with greater task performance. (jneurosci.org)
Here, we investigate the projection from the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), which encodes the sensory pain information, to the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key area for processing pain affect, in freely behaving rats. (iasp-pain.org)
Moreover, individuals with ASD often have a perception-based preference with recruitment of primary sensory cortices [Kana et al. (fulbright.org.tw)
The thalamus receives light and pain information, which is then projected to sensory and association cortices [85, 86] . (researchgate.net)

The excitability of cortical neurons in the motor cortex is determined by their membrane potential and by the level of intracortical inhibition. (springer.com)
The excitability of the motor cortex as a whole is a function of single cell excitability, synaptic strength, and the balance between excitatory cells and inhibitory cells. (springer.com)
It is now established that a sustained period of somatosensory stimulation increases the excitability of motor cortex areas controlling muscles in those body parts that received the stimulation prior to excitability testing. (springer.com)
Recent experimental studies highlight that the cerebellum, especially the interpositus nucleus, plays a key role in the adaptation of the motor cortex to repeated trains of stimulation. (springer.com)
It appears that the interpositus nucleus is a main subcortical modulator of the excitability changes occurring in the motor cortex, which may be a substrate of early plasticity effective in motor learning and recovery from lesion. (springer.com)
Liepert J, Schardt S, Weiller C. Orally administered atropine enhances motor cortex excitability: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study in human subjects. (springer.com)
Ketamine increases human motor cortex excitability to transcranial magnetic stimulation. (springer.com)
Ilic TV, Korchounov A, Ziemann U. Complex modulation of human motor cortex excitability by the specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitor sertraline. (springer.com)
Topiramate selectively decreases intracortical excitability in human motor cortex. (springer.com)
Are the after-effects of low-frequency rTMS on motor cortex excitability due to changes in the efficacy of cortical synapses? (springer.com)
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation over the human motor cortex on corticospinal and transcallosal excitability. (springer.com)

Cerebral Cortex , 21 (5), 1155-1165. (exeter.ac.uk)

She will argue that the early emergence of category-selective regions should be understood within the broader context of cognitive development, which relies on parallel development of brain regions outside of ventral temporal cortex. (visionsciences.org)

This paper documents short-term plasticity in a subcortical region, the ventral division of the pulvinar, following monocular deprivation in adult humans. (elifesciences.org)

3. The results suggest that discrete regions of inferior extrastriate visual cortex, varying in location between individuals, are specialized for the recognition of faces. (ox.ac.uk)
This behavioral mismatch was most remarkable when the ANN behavior was decoded from units that correspond to the primate inferior temporal (IT) cortex. (biorxiv.org)
There is a growing body of work on how facial identity is encoded in the primate brain, especially in the Fusiform Face Areas (FFA) in humans 5 , 6 and in the topographically specific "face patch" systems of the inferior temporal (IT) cortex of the rhesus macaques 7 - 9 . (biorxiv.org)
2006]. Recent studies on ASD have shown aberrant neural activity during semantic processing, for example, reduced activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) in adults with ASD as compared to healthy controls [Harris et al. (fulbright.org.tw)

Damage to the amygdala of adult rhesus macaques early in life can permanently alter affective processing. (wikipedia.org)

This training-specific enhancement of orientation-selective responses was observed in the primary visual cortex (V1) as well as higher extrastriate visual areas V2-V4, and moreover, reliably predicted individual differences in the behavioral effects of perceptual learning. (jneurosci.org)
ANN-IT responses also explained a significant fraction of the image-level behavioral predictivity associated with neural activity in the human amygdala - strongly suggesting that the previously reported facial emotion intensity encodes in the human amygdala could be primarily driven by projections from the IT cortex. (biorxiv.org)
Different levels in the hierarchy of visual processing, from the initial response to flashes of light, through selective responses to contour orientation and motion in primary visual cortex (V1), to global processing in extrastriate of large-scale patterns of form and motion, can each be assessed using stimuli designed to isolate specific neural activity in visual event-related potentials (VERPs). (ox.ac.uk)
High-density recordings of responses to global motion and global form patterns show that these extrastriate systems are typically functional by 5 months of age, but the topography of the activity distributions shows that the brain systems underlying these responses are radically reorganized between infancy and adulthood. (ox.ac.uk)
My work shows that infants have face-selective responses in the fusiform face area, scene-selective responses in the parahippocampal place area, and body-selective response in the extrastriate body area. (visionsciences.org)
Weak luminance flashes elicited significant BOLD responses in the striate and extrastriate cortex, despite that the stimuli were not perceived during scanning. (pisavisionlab.org)

Such behavioral specificity is often interpreted as implicating the early visual cortex as the site of learned-induced neural plasticity, because of the receptive field properties in these areas. (jneurosci.org)
In the adult vertebrate brain, enzymatic removal of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is increasingly recognized to promote learning, memory recall, and restorative plasticity. (nature.com)
During learning processes in the developing and adult brain, variability of ECM densities and dynamic remodeling has been shown to support learning-dependent plasticity 14 , 15 . (nature.com)
While there is evidence that the visual cortex retains a potential for plasticity in adulthood, less is known about the subcortical stages of visual processing. (elifesciences.org)
This vPulv plasticity was similar as previously seen in visual cortex and it was correlated with the ocular dominance shift measured behaviorally. (elifesciences.org)
This finding advances the understanding the mechanisms of short-term visual plasticity which until now has been thought to be confined to visual cortex. (elifesciences.org)
While ocular dominance plasticity has been thoroughly investigated in the visual cortex, less is known about its effects on subcortical visual processing. (elifesciences.org)

With this approach, we previously demonstrated transient shifts of perceptual eye dominance and ocular dominance in visual cortex (Binda et al. (elifesciences.org)

It is well established that object representations in high-level primate visual cortex emphasize categories of ecological relevance such as faces and animals. (visionsciences.org)
What constraints may additionally shape the development of categorical object representations in visual cortex? (visionsciences.org)

In particular, it is unknown whether functional maps that organize the mature adult visual cortex are present in the infant striate and extrastriate cortex. (stanford.edu)
Here, we test the functional maturity of infant visual cortex by performing retinotopic mapping with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). (stanford.edu)
These results demonstrate that extensive training can lead to targeted functional reorganization of the human visual cortex, refining the cortical representation of behaviorally relevant information. (jneurosci.org)

For instance, embryonic cortical transplants will produce NT-3 which is absent from the cortex past two weeks of age (Schoups et al. (org.es)

Fifteen days after implant, cortical grafts will also produce a glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), a potent survival factor for claustral neurons that project to the occipital cortex (Trupp et al. (org.es)
German physiologist Hermann Munk was the first to suggest the existence of a cortical representation of the body, supported by his vivisection experiments on the parietal cortex of dogs. (cloudfront.net)
Although phase-amplitude coupling within frontal cortex changes with propofol administration, the effects of propofol on phase-amplitude coupling between different cortical areas have not previously been reported. (silverchair.com)

Using fMRI in conjunction with a novel signal detection-based analysis, we show that extensive practice selectively enhances the neural representation of trained orientations in the human visual cortex. (jneurosci.org)
The current study focuses on addressing this in an fMRI study of Theory-of-Mind (ToM) in 15 high-functioning adolescents and adults with autism and 15 typically developing control participants. (frontiersin.org)

The differences in facial emotion judgments between neurotypical adults and individuals with autism are often interpreted with inferential models (e.g., psychometric functions) that base their predictions on high-level categorical descriptors of the stimuli (e.g., overall facial expression levels of "happiness", "fear" and other primary emotions 20 ). (biorxiv.org)

Face recognition in human extrastriate cortex. (ox.ac.uk)
This relatively automatic, visuocognitive feature that neurotypically developed human adults take for granted shows significant differences in children and adults with autism 1 - 4 . (biorxiv.org)
A highly selective response to food in human visual cortex revealed by hypothesis-free voxel decomposition. (mit.edu)
Plewnia C, Bartels M, Cohen L, Gerloff C. Noradrenergic modulation of human cortex excitability by the presynaptic alpha(2)-antagonist yohimbine. (springer.com)
Talks will highlight recent experimental work in human and nonhuman primates on developmental trajectories of object category formation in visual cortex as well as recent computational work on the learning objectives that drive object category formation. (visionsciences.org)

The presence of multiple visual maps throughout visual cortex in infants indicates a greater maturity of extrastriate cortex than previously appreciated. (stanford.edu)
In prematurely born infants whose structural brain MRI was evaluated at birth, the onset of the response is absent or delayed in those with severe brain injury, while in those with mild/moderate brain injury the response is present but its spatial organization is further from the adult pattern than those in controls. (ox.ac.uk)

Injury to the occipital striate cortex results in corresponding homonymous visual field defects where typically all visual capacities are lost in the fields. (org.es)

We addressed this question in normally sighted adult humans, using ultra-high field (7T) magnetic resonance imaging combined with the paradigm of short-term monocular deprivation. (elifesciences.org)

Neuroimaging research in adults has consistently found that differential perception of race is associated with increased amygdala activity. (mit.edu)
European American (EA) adults show increased amygdala activity, even in the absence of conscious awareness, in response to AA relative to EA faces (Cunningham et al. (mit.edu)
2004 ). Moreover, EA adults who harbor implicit negative attitudes toward AAs show greater amygdala activation while viewing AA relative to EA faces (Phelps et al. (mit.edu)

These results could be related to compensatory mechanisms and positivity effects in older adults. (mit.edu)

We therefore used optical fluorescence imaging to trace longitudinal calcium FC in the awake, resting-state mouse cortex in the same mice at 5 developmental time points beginning at postnatal day 15 (P15) and ending in early adulthood (P60), resulting in over 500 imaging epochs with both calcium and hemodynamics available as a resource for the field. (biorxiv.org)

1. Twenty-four patients with electrodes chronically implanted on the surface of extrastriate visual cortex viewed faces, equiluminant scrambled faces, cars, scrambled cars, and butterflies. (ox.ac.uk)
We scanned healthy young and older adults while perceiving happy, neutral, or angry faces paired with names. (mit.edu)

Multiple nuclei in the thalamus are involved in processing visual signals and relaying them to the cortex. (elifesciences.org)

The home is the "ideal place" for young children to develop language skills in interaction with adults and other children 17, p. 8 . (ibe-unesco.org)

Second, HC-OFC connectivity showed subsequent memory effects (SMEs) for happy expressions in both age groups, HC-FFA connectivity exhibited SMEs for happy and neutral expressions in young adults, and HC-pSTS interactions displayed SMEs for happy expressions in older adults. (mit.edu)

This is the first report of a home-based virtual-reality visual rehabilitation program for adult patients with hemianopia consecutive to a pediatric brain tumor. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we report, for the first time, the feasibility and potential effectiveness of a visual rehabilitation procedure consecutive to a pediatric brain tumor in two young adult patients with hemianopia. (frontiersin.org)

Concerning brain functions related to language/communication in ASD, previous research provided empirical evidence of the dysfunctions of semantic processing in adults with ASD during performing sentence comprehension [Kana et al. (fulbright.org.tw)
Brain tumor and its treatment can affect the visual system at different levels, from the optic nerves (through compression or infiltration), to subcortical structures like the superior colliculus (SC) and lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) to optic tracts, optic radiations, and visual cortices ( 1 - 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
This suggests that illusory truth should be mediated by brain regions previously linked to fluency, such as the perirhinal cortex (PRC). (mit.edu)

These afferents then project to the trigeminal nucleus caudalis, the thalamus, and to the cortex [85, 86] . (researchgate.net)

superior temporal gyrus (BA Area 22) Wernike's area and striate cortex or V1(Area 17)- resulting in a phoneme processing problem (5, 22, 23 ), and pattern recognition. (w3.org)
Main school of research Livingstone (1993) and Martin and Lovegrove 1988) )(see 9, 15) Dyslexics have reduced synaptic activity in the V5 area (also known as visual area MT, middle temporal), is a region of extra-striate visual cortex that is thought to play a major role in the perception of motion. (w3.org)
Main research from Shaymitz (1998) and Rumsy (1996), (see 5, 10,11, 14 -17) The language regions in the superior temporal gyrus (Wernike's area) and striate cortex are found to underachieve in the dyslexic. (w3.org)

In a final study, we implement cNF in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), replicating the improvement of sustained attention found in adults. (jneurosci.org)

Objective Several studies report evidence for training-related neuroplasticity in the visual cortex, while other studies suggest that improvements simply reflect inadequate eye fixation control during perimetric prediagnostics and postdiagnostics. (bmj.com)

Then, in a randomized controlled study in healthy adults, we show that neurofeedback (NF) training of this α FSS signal within the attention task is feasible. (jneurosci.org)

Anatomy43

Organisms9

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs4

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Psychiatry and Psychology39

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Humanities1

Information Science6

Health Care2

Striate and extrastriate visual1

Prefrontal cortex8

Auditory cortex6

Sensorimotor3

Sensory5

Motor cortex11

Cerebral1

Temporal cortex1

Ventral1

Inferior4

Rhesus macaques1

Responses6

Plasticity7

Dominance1

Representations2

Functional3

Schoups1

Cortical3

FMRI2

Individuals1

Human5

Infants2

Typically1

Humans1

Amygdala3

Results1

Developmental1

Faces2

Signals1

Interaction1

Connectivity1

Rehabilitation2

Brain3

Thalamus1

Area3

Found1

Suggest1

Show1