Extracellular stimuli. Medical search. Frequent questions

The intracellular loops of GPCRs are crucial for G-protein interactions, and activation of CXCR1 involves both amino-terminal residues and extracellular loops. (rcsb.org)
While these techniques result in larger signals which are easier to measure, intracellular or patch-clamp techniques are very challenging in live animals, making extracellular recordings the technique of choice for many investigators. (hindawi.com)
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (SPP) is a novel lipid messenger with both intracellular and extracellular functions. (novusbio.com)
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) relay information from extracellular stimuli to intracellular responses in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, but understanding their complex effects in live cells is a daunting task. (nih.gov)
The mechanism how these various extracellular and intracellular stimuli can activate TRP channels is one of the emerging questions in the field. (lu.se)

In this study, we used the OrganoPlate to develop a humanized 3D in vitro inflammation-on-a-chip model to recapitulate neutrophil transmigration across the endothelium and subsequent migration through the extracellular matrix (ECM). (nature.com)
She has also been involved in studies on the role of oxidants in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), structures released by neutrophils that can trap and kill bacteria. (otago.ac.nz)
Reactive oxidants and myeloperoxidase and their involvement in neutrophil extracellular traps. (otago.ac.nz)
Myeloperoxidase associated with neutrophil extracellular traps is active and mediates bacterial killing in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. (otago.ac.nz)
The discovery of neutrophil extracellular traps has yielded a conceptual framework for interpreting how extracellular DNA may function in cancer development and why it may prove to be an important clinical target in stopping cancer outside the cell. (aacrjournals.org)
In 2004 ( 4 ), a paradigm shift was set in motion when neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) were described for the first time: In response to defense pathway-inducing signals, extracellular DNA (exDNA) is exported and assembled together with actin, histone, peroxidases, and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating proteins into the NET, a sticky matrix surrounding the cell. (aacrjournals.org)
Role of neutrophil extracellular la NETosis en las enfermedades infecciosas pulmonares. (bvsalud.org)
Despite not having a standardized measurement parameter, the excess of neutrophil extracellular traps corresponds conception, manuscript to the severity of tissue damage observed in patients with respiratory tract infections, revealing the important prognostic role design, literature search, data of the neutrophil response and NETosis process in pulmonary infectious diseases. (bvsalud.org)
DNA, which are released from the contents monia AND neutrophil extracellular traps, of neutrophils as a defense mechanism to respiratory tract infection AND neutrophil trap and destroy microorganisms1. (bvsalud.org)

During an inflammatory response, neutrophils move from the blood to the site of inflammation by transmigrating across the endothelial barrier and through the basement membrane (BM) of the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). (nature.com)
The metastatic process involves sequential steps, including invasion through the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) and stromal cell layers, intravasation into the lumina of blood vessels, and survival in the circulation. (medscape.com)

b , c ) and the unavoidably widespread actions of stimuli applied within RF, the study could not be restricted to a particular population of RF neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Here, the role of LGN bursts in encoding correlated natural stimuli was investigated by analyzing the responses of LGN neurons to natural scene movies. (jneurosci.org)
In doses up to 50 mcg/kg i.v. LSD depressed the response to optical stimuli, and the unstimulated background firing of some neurons, but enhanced the activity of other neurons in the primary visual receiving area of cats. (erowid.org)
We describe how the neurons can be identified based on their receptive field properties, and how they respond to moving targets, looming stimuli and to widefield optic flow. (springer.com)
Our results highlight the importance of using several visual stimuli as the neurons can rarely be identified based on only one response characteristic. (springer.com)
Measurement schemes using dead brain tissue as well as extracellular recordings from neurons in the inferior colliculus, an auditory brain nucleus of an anesthetized gerbil, were used to characterize noise performance and amplification efficacy of the proposed micropipette neural amplifier. (hindawi.com)

These messages are packaged into particles called extracellular vesicles ( EV s) and reprogram mitochondrial shape and position within the recipient normal cells to ultimately promote deregulated tissue morphogenesis. (wistar.org)

IL-8, released in response to inflammatory stimuli, binds to the extracellular side of CXCR1. (rcsb.org)
We conclude that VR1 is required for inflammatory sensitization to noxious thermal stimuli but also that alternative mechanisms are sufficient for normal sensation of noxious heat. (nih.gov)
Genome-wide microarray analyses of the lungs identified a range of differentially expressed genes that potentially function in the acute-to-chronic transition through pathways involving immune and inflammatory regulation, responses to stress and extracellular stimuli, and cell migration and adhesion. (cdc.gov)
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by hyper-responsiveness of airways to various stimuli. (medscape.com)

At these sites, which are a compound of stromal cells, extracellular matrix and soluble factors, complex molecular interactions that maintain the essential properties of stem cells occur, such as self-renewal and differentiation into multiple lineages, according to the organism's needs. (bvsalud.org)

The standard IF model successfully predicted LGN responses to natural scene movies during tonic firing, indicating a linear relationship between stimulus and response. (jneurosci.org)
However, the IF model typically underpredicted the LGN response during periods of bursting, indicating a nonlinear amplification of the stimulus in the actual response. (jneurosci.org)
A study of LGN responses in awake behaving cats showed that the response to a drifting grating was characterized by an initial period of bursting at the onset of the stimulus, followed by tonic firing for the duration of the stimulus ( Guido and Weyand, 1995 ). (jneurosci.org)
Predicted to be involved in negative regulation of endopeptidase activity and response to xenobiotic stimulus. (nih.gov)
SGK-1 protein levels in spinal astrocytes are increased in response to glucocorticoid stimuli and enhanced ATP release by opening the pannexin-1 hemichannels. (nature.com)
Cell migration is the movement of cells in response to specific external signals, including chemical and mechanical stimuli. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The AP-1 transcription complex controls the expression of a subset of genes that are expressed early in response to extracellular mitogenic stimuli or to stress. (medscape.com)
Decomposition of neural systems with nonlinear feedback using stimulus-response data. (vldb.org)
In response to extracellular stimuli, such as hormones and growth factors, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) phosphorylate and activate PLCg. (thermofisher.com)
We observed CsrS-dependent regulation of 72 of the 73 genes whose expression changed in response to elevated extracellular Mg(2+) in wild-type bacteria, a result that identifies CsrS as the principal, if not exclusive, sensor for extracellular Mg(2+) in GAS. (lu.se)
To our knowledge, this study is the first to characterize global gene regulation by a GAS two-component system in response to a specific environmental stimulus. (lu.se)

During cell invasion, cells can modulate the environment as they migrate through the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM). (sigmaaldrich.com)
A parallel extracellular trapping process operates in plant root tips, whose cells export a complex slimy matrix that specifically attracts, immobilizes, and prevents invasion by pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and nematodes ( 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
changes of extracellular matrix are linked to deposition of collagen and fibronectin in the subepithelial basement membrane. (medscape.com)
We examined the capacity of AEC to produce extracellular matrix (ECM) and thereby directly contribute towards remodelling in chronic lung diseases. (lu.se)
One of the most basic features is cell invasion and movement through the extracellular matrix. (medscape.com)

Both the innate stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharides and Poly inositol-cytosine and adaptive stimuli, that is, cytokine mix, were able to induce the extracellular release of NPM in immortalized keratinocytes and human skin fibroblasts in the absence of cytotoxicity. (frontiersin.org)
Extracellular stimuli induce interactions between proteins at the membrane, including receptors and other proteins. (hstalks.com)

The stimuli of purinergic receptors decrease the threshold of mechanical allodynia. (nature.com)
These respond to a variety of stimuli, such as voltage, chemical ligands, and mechanical/osmotic stimuli. (lu.se)

Our data show that circulating miR-200c is physically associated with extracellular NPM, which most probably is responsible for its extracellular release and protection upon cytokine mix via a TLR4-mechanism. (frontiersin.org)

These findings and research linking capsaicin with nociceptive behaviours (that is, responses to painful stimuli in animals have led to VR1 being considered as important for pain sensation. (nih.gov)
Of these, IL-1ß was produced in part by glia and augmented the opening of the intercellular communication hemichannel connexin-43 in glia, which made normally innocuous stimuli painful in female mice. (bvsalud.org)

The stimulus-sensor interactions typically regulate cellular functions to adapt to an abnormal environment, for example the diabetic condition. (lu.se)

To estimate average cell population behavior, transient elevations of extracellular potassium ([K+]o) were recorded with ion-selective microelectrodes Such [K+]o responses were selective for stimulus orientation and for direction of stimulus movement. (erowid.org)

Detecting CA1 short-term plasticity variations associated with changes in stimulus intensity and extracellular medium composition. (vldb.org)

Voltage spikes acquired in extracellular recording are typically between 50 μ V to 500 μ V peak-to peak, with rise times of 0.2 ms or more and pulse durations of 1 ms or more [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

Ethanol-associated olfactory stimuli reinstate ethanol-seeking behavior after extinction and modify extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens. (bvsalud.org)

We previously showed that genotoxic stress induced an active extracellular release of nucleophosmin (NPM) in human cardiac mesenchymal progenitor cells, and that serum deprivation provokes NPM secretion from human endothelial cells, eliciting inflammation via nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) transcriptional activation. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we characterize the function of tonic and burst spikes in cat LGN X-cells in signaling features of natural stimuli. (jneurosci.org)
In the cat, the firing rate of LGN X-cells is linearly related to modulations in the visual stimulus during tonic firing (Guido et al. (jneurosci.org)
Cancer cells have been reported to be associated with distinctive extracellular structures that facilitate aggregation and implantation. (aacrjournals.org)
All cells are constantly responding to stimuli from their environments. (hstalks.com)
To explore the new molecular sensors in beta cells and investigate how the sensors can be activated or regulated by extracellular stimuli. (lu.se)
Alkaline phosphatase, which is produced by overactive osteoblast cells, leaks into the extracellular fluids, so that its concentration rises to anywhere from moderate elevation to very high levels. (medscape.com)

Neutrophils are the first line of defense phil extracellular traps. (bvsalud.org)

Diurnal enhancement of pain hypersensitivity is mediated by glucocorticoid-induced enhancement of the extracellular release of ATP in the spinal cord, which stimulates purinergic receptors on microglia in the dorsal horn. (nature.com)
Temporal elevations in glucocorticoid levels enhance the extracellular release of ATP in the spinal cord, which stimulates purinergic receptors on microglia in the dorsal horn. (nature.com)

Furthermore, although the VR1-null mice appeared normal in a wide range of behavioural tests, including responses to acute noxious thermal stimuli, their ability to develop carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia was completely absent. (nih.gov)

These results suggest that LGN bursts are an important part of the neural code, providing a nonlinear amplification of stimulus features that are typical of the natural environment. (jneurosci.org)

Small Extracellular Vesicle Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics Reprograms a Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment, Developmental Cell (2020). (wistar.org)

Crk belongs to a family of adaptor molecules, which link extracellular growth and differentiation stimuli with formation of signal transduction protein complexes. (rndsystems.com)
In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. (bvsalud.org)

Previous studies have shown that normal swarming motility is intimately related to the production of extracellular surface-active molecules: rhamnolipids (RLs), composed of monorhamnolipids (mono-RLs) and dirhamnolipids (di-RLs), and 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy) alkanoic acids (HAAs). (inrs.ca)

These actions result in an increase in the concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in extracellular fluid. (medscape.com)

The stimulus features preceding burst events and tonic spikes were characterized, and the results support the detect/transmit framework described above. (jneurosci.org)

There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade. (bvsalud.org)

Our research contributes to the understanding of underlying molecular mechanism of islet cell dysfunctions in connection with abnormal extracellular environments. (lu.se)

For extracellular recording, the action potential voltage can be as low as just a few microvolts, making it challenging to record it reliably against various sources of noise. (hindawi.com)

Production of extracellular DNase (exDNase) by bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens breaks down the DNA framework and thereby facilitates release from trapping and allows systemic dispersal ( 1, 4, 5 ). (aacrjournals.org)

The critical initial stimulus for angiogenesis is hypoxia in the growing tumor. (medscape.com)

Located in extracellular space. (nih.gov)
Once secreted into the extracellular space, COL6 tetramers associate into microfibrils. (jci.org)
7 , 8 These channels can be activated by many stimuli, including temperature or pH changes in the extracellular space. (dovepress.com)

A peripheral change in the expression of molecular transducers for these stimuli (i.e. (bvsalud.org)

Predicted to be located in extracellular region. (nih.gov)

However, to date, there has been no comprehensive study of noise in extracellular recordings with glass micropipettes. (hindawi.com)

This increase of calcium and phosphorus in extracellular fluid, in turn, leads to the calcification of osteoid, primarily at the metaphyseal growing ends of bones but also throughout all osteoid in the skeleton. (medscape.com)

For example, the role of the electrode's input impedance, which is one of the important parameters for extracellular recordings, has not received much attention in many designs [ 10 - 12 , 14 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)

Burst responses were triggered by specific stimulus events consisting of a prolonged inhibitory stimulus, followed by an excitatory stimulus, such as the movement of an object into the receptive field. (jneurosci.org)
Bursts were triggered by specific stimulus features, such as the movement of objects into the RF. (jneurosci.org)

TGF-β1 stimuli induced a significant change in interstitial ECM production from AEC2 without loss of specific AEC marker expression. (lu.se)

Earlier studies suggested that extracellular Mg(2+) signalled through the presumed sensor histidine kinase, CsrS. (lu.se)

Anatomy33

Organisms8

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs46

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Psychiatry and Psychology81

Phenomena and Processes75

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science6

Health Care5

Intracellular5

Neutrophil9

Surrounding extracellular matrix2

Neurons6

Vesicles1

Inflammatory4

Stromal1

Response11

Matrix5

Induce2

Mechanical2

Cytokine1

Painful2

Interactions1

Transient1

Plasticity1

Typically1

Behavior1

Cells7

Neutrophils1

Receptors2

Acute1

Nonlinear1

Regulation1

Protein2

Molecules1

Concentrations1

Spikes1

Pathways1

Environments1

Voltage1

Bacteria1

Tumor1

Space3

Molecular1

Region1

Study1

Increase1

Role1

Movement2

Production1

Studies1