• Platelets have been extensively implicated in the progression of cancer and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are gaining growing attention as potential mediators of the platelet-cancer interplay. (unipv.it)
  • Extracellular vesicles derived from renal cancer stem cells induce a pro-tumorigenic phenotype in mesenchymal stromal cells. (unicyte.ch)
  • CSCs were shown to secrete large amount of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can transfer several molecules (proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) and induce epigenetic changes in target cells. (unicyte.ch)
  • In addition, tumor cells interaction were also shown to be mediated by secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that can transfer proteins, lipids and nucleic acids and induce epigenetic changes in target cells [4,5]. (unicyte.ch)
  • Virus-infected cells release virus-associated exosomes, extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, into the blood to deliver viral cargoes able to regulate immune responses. (wphobby.com)
  • Evidence indicates that Alix, an accessory protein of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), is involved in the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles (EVs). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It has been recognized that under physiological and pathological conditions, cells may release vesicles that may be instrumental in intercellular communication as they carry biologically active molecules ( 1 - 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The non-apoptotic vesicles have been classified based on their biogenesis into exosomes derived from membranes of the endosomal compartment and microvesicles that are formed from the budding of a portion of the cell plasma membrane ( 5 , 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Given the heterogeneity of the released vesicles and the overlapping features of molecules carried by exosomes and microvesicles, it has been suggested that they be collectively termed extracellular vesicles (EVs) ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Aliotta et al ( 15 ) demonstrated that lung-derived vesicles carried RNA to marrow cells and altered the phenotype of these cells both genetically and functionally. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Vesicles derived from adult human liver stem-like cells (HLSCs) have also been shown to contain ribonucleoproteins and different RNA species involved in hepatic regeneration ( 20 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Clinical-Grade Patches as a Medium for Enrichment of Sweat-Extracellular Vesicles and Facilitating Their Metabolic Analysis. (helsinki.fi)
  • TGF-β signaling induces transcription of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p15Ink4B or p21Cip1, which, as a consequence, act to halt the cell cycle and stop proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we report that the central proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α acts as a diffusible mediator of the bystander effects induced by macrophages, an effect caused by a proliferation of macrophages that trigger epithelial cell production of Netrin-1, a neuronal guidance molecule. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Extending these observations, colon biopsies from E. faecalis -colonized IL-10 −/− mice exhibited crypt hyperplasia and increased staining for macrophages, TNF-α, netrin-1, NF-κB, Tnfrsf1b, and the proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen while also displaying a reduction in epithelial cell apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor blockade with C225 modulates proliferation, apoptosis, and radiosensitivity in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. (natprobiotech.com)
  • A subset of tumor cells, defined as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are characterized by self-renewal and continuous proliferation capacity, providing the ability to initiate tumor and to generate other heterogeneous cell populations [1]. (unicyte.ch)
  • Cell proliferation. (edu.hk)
  • 11 ] first proved that astrocytes within adult hippocampus are able to accelerate the proliferation of stem cells and instruct them to become neurons. (degruyter.com)
  • Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Recently, signaling by GCC and its downstream effector, cyclic GMP (cGMP) has emerged as a principal regulator of proliferation in human colon cancer cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • In close agreement, induction of GCC signaling in mucosal sheets ex vivo and intestinal cells in vitro inhibited proliferation by activating cGMP-dependent protein kinase and delaying the cell cycle at the G1/S transition. (jefferson.edu)
  • Separately, deletion of GCC increased tumor growth by releasing a restriction on the cell cycle normally constraining epithelial cell proliferation. (jefferson.edu)
  • MAPK pathways refer to various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (springer.com)
  • c healing cycle comprises inflammation, proliferation, and maturation stages. (advancedsofttissuerelease.com)
  • On the contrary, chronic inflammation is characterized by persistent inflammation and proliferation stages of the healing cycle. (advancedsofttissuerelease.com)
  • The inflammation stage progresses to the proliferation stage of the healing cycle. (advancedsofttissuerelease.com)
  • This stage is characterized by the formation of newer blood vessels, production of extracellular matrix, the proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of collagen, and re-epithelization of the wound site. (advancedsofttissuerelease.com)
  • Negative feedback mechanisms are responsible for the regulation of the proliferation stage of the healing cycle. (advancedsofttissuerelease.com)
  • In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
  • H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
  • It has been hypothesized that it acts as a survival factor in tumor cell lines, preventing therapeutic-induced apoptosis and rendering the tumor cells more resistant to current treatments. (wikipedia.org)
  • RNAi-mediated attenuation of Tnfrsf1b decreased TNF-α-induced netrin-1 production and augmented epithelial cell apoptosis in culture. (aacrjournals.org)
  • In addition, BMP-2 overexpression induced p21 WAF1/CIP1 and p27 KIP1 expression, and cellular apoptosis in RCC cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • The ability of E2F-1 to prompt apoptosis in DNA damaged cells coincides with enhanced PRMT1 methylation. (embl.de)
  • Cell apoptosis and senescence-like morphology were also observed. (stanford.edu)
  • We may conclude that CTX induces apoptosis and autophagy in HT-29 KRK cells through raising the expression of p21, p27 , and p57 genes, as well as ATG4A, LC3A , and BECN1 genes. (natprobiotech.com)
  • Anti-EGFR antibody sensitizes colorectal cancer stem-like cells to Fluorouracil-induced apoptosis by affecting autophagy. (natprobiotech.com)
  • Over the last few decades, it has been studied that the mechanisms of cisplatin-induced kidney damage are complex and involved numerous cellular and molecular processes including inflammation, apoptosis, accumulation of cisplatin in renal tubular cells via renal drug transporters, Ctr1 and OCT2, and involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways [ 3 ] [ 4 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
  • 9 ] reported curcumin administration provided protection against cisplatin-induced renal tubular cell apoptosis. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Furthermore, these genes were classified into 11 functional groups including transcription factors, cell cycle related factors, apoptosis regulators, kinases and metabolism-related proteins, etc. (edu.hk)
  • Crypt hyperplasia in GCC-/- mice was associated with compensatory increases in cell migration and apoptosis. (jefferson.edu)
  • Treatment of COMMD3-depleted cells with the copper chelator, tetrathiomolybdate, significantly reduced invasive spheroid growth via induction of apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
  • The innate immune response by myeloid cells occurs as a succession of events starting at signaling through cytosolic or surface PRRs, followed by effector responses including the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), antibacterial peptides and degranulation ( Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Pathogen clearance is mediated by mechanisms such as phagocytosis, respiratory burst with the production of ROS and RNS and release of bacteriostatic peptides, but also through the cell-extrinsic initiation of inflammation via the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The precise spatial and temporal impact of immune cells and their cytokines on fracture healing remains obscure. (hindawi.com)
  • The normal process of fracture repair begins with an immediate inflammatory response as the innate immune system (macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and NK cells) responds with a variety of cytokines that recruit and activate several cell types, including osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to the site of injury [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The mechanisms involved in this crosstalk are based on cell-to-cell contact and on paracrine secretion of several molecules including growth factors, cytokines and inflammatory mediators [3]. (unicyte.ch)
  • Here, we report that plasma exosomes of COVID-19 patients contain SARS-CoV-2 double stranded RNA (dsRNA) and stimulate robust production of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and other inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by human peripheral mononuclear cells. (wphobby.com)
  • During the inflammation stage, the inflammatory cells release cytokines and inflammatory mediators, which then recruit the immune cells. (advancedsofttissuerelease.com)
  • DNA damage assessment and cell cycle analysis revealed differences in the modes of cell death between asbestos and respective CF. There was an increase in chemokines, but not pro-inflammatory cytokines after all EMP treatments. (cdc.gov)
  • Oncolytic Group B Adenovirus Enadenotucirev Mediates Non-apoptotic Cell Death with Membrane Disruption and Release of Inflammatory Mediators. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In human tumor biopsies maintained in ex vivo culture, EnAd mediated release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-6, and HMGB1. (ox.ac.uk)
  • LPS exposure led to a strong activation of microglial cells (as determined by microglia morphology, cytokine production and an upregulation in genes involved in the inflammatory response in the LPS-injected mice by RNA sequencing analysis). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The trigger of osteoarthritis is most often unknown, but osteoarthritis sometimes begins with tissue damage from mechanical injury (eg, torn meniscus), transmission of inflammatory mediators from the synovium into cartilage, or defects in cartilage metabolism. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Inflammatory mediators trigger an inflammatory cycle that further stimulates the chondrocytes and synovial lining cells, eventually breaking down the cartilage. (msdmanuals.com)
  • This promising field may open new avenues to modulate inflammatory responses and to preserve blood cell homeostasis in the clinical setting. (haematologica.org)
  • EVI1 is a nuclear transcription factor involved in many signaling pathways for both coexpression and coactivation of cell cycle genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • We investigated whether impaired regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) via epigenetic pathways is associated with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) pathogenesis. (oncotarget.com)
  • Furthermore, it is a part of the growth of organisms, and the intricately organized, as well as monitored and maintained pathways in human cells show the level of importance and hence the value in the hierarchy of the functional imperatives of our health and existence. (physicianwrites.com)
  • A pharmacological inhibitor of TLR3 considerably reduced cytokine and chemokine production by CD4 + and CD8 + T cells but not by CD14 + monocytes, highlighting divergent signaling pathways of immune cells in response to COVID-19 plasma exosomes. (wphobby.com)
  • Whereas the mechanisms activating mechanotransduction are well studied, the reversibility of this process, whereby cells disassemble and reverse force-activated signalling pathways upon cessation of mechanical stimulation is far less understood. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • NF-κB pathways are associated with immunity, inflammation and cell survival. (springer.com)
  • Nonetheless, when cells rely on anaerobic glycolysis, like cancer cells and certain innate immune cells upon activation, other metabolic pathways sustain succinate levels, including glutamine-dependent anerplerosis to α-ketoglutarate, and eventually citrate by reductive carboxylation. (haematologica.org)
  • Succinate is an intermediate of several metabolic pathways, i.e. tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle under normoxic conditions (blue lines), and glutamine-dependent anerplerosis and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt under anaerobic conditions (red lines). (haematologica.org)
  • Functional analysis showed that the muscle contraction, immune system/inflammation, and extracellular matrix pathways were the most affected pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • Whereas many viruses have evolved for efficient propagation with minimal inflammation, bioselection of EnAd for rapid killing has yielded a virus with a short life cycle that combines potent cytotoxicity with a proinflammatory mechanism of cell death. (ox.ac.uk)
  • COVID-19 plasma exosomes induced proinflammatory responses in CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and CD14 + monocytes but not significantly in regulatory T cells, Th17 T cells, or central memory T cells. (wphobby.com)
  • These exosomes can interact with immune cells, such as T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells, to modulate proinflammatory immune responses. (wphobby.com)
  • Cocoa polyphenols tend to reduce inflammation by regulating proinflammatory mediators and controlling processes that oxidize low density lipids (LDL) in the development of atherosclerosis 73 . (bvsalud.org)
  • In all the analyzed breast cancer cells, PEVs triggered a sustained increase of intracellular Ca2+, but only in MDA-MB-231 cells, this was associated to the stimulation of selected signaling proteins implicated in migration, including p38MAPK and myosin light chain. (unipv.it)
  • MAPKs serve as important mediators of cellular responses to extracellular signals. (umbc.edu)
  • Over the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has been steering immune responses toward cancer cell eradication. (frontiersin.org)
  • Interestingly, the most primordial defense responses employed by myeloid cells against pathogens, such as complement activation, antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity and phagocytosis, actually seem to favor cancer progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Immune cells abundantly infiltrate tumors, creating a complex environment mediated by repetitive cycles of antitumor responses and immune evasion ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study we demonstrate that PEVs specifically bind to different breast cancer cells and elicit cell-specific functional responses. (unipv.it)
  • Our results demonstrate that PEVs are versatile regulators of cancer cell behavior and elicit a variety of different responses depending on the specific breast cancer cell subtype. (unipv.it)
  • Despite this, clinical responses are typically transient as tumour cells develop resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Recent evidence obtained in mouse models shows its essential role regulating blood cell function through various mechanisms that include pseudohypoxia responses by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α activation, post-translational modifications like succinylation, and communication mediated by succinate receptor 1. (haematologica.org)
  • MultiOMICs landscape of SARS-CoV-2-induced host responses in human lung epithelial cells. (helsinki.fi)
  • Excretory system:Volume and ionic composition of the intracellular and extracellular compartments. (uninsubria.eu)
  • Vaccinia virus produces four different types of virion from each infected cell called intracellular mature virus (IMV), intracellular enveloped virus (IEV), cell-associated enveloped virus (CEV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EEV). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • IEV is formed by wrapping of IMV with intracellular membranes, and is an intermediate between IMV and CEV/EEV that enables efficient virus dissemination to the cell surface on microtubules. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • An antigenic difference between intracellular and extracellular rabbitpox virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The VWF gene encodes von Willebrand factor (VWF), a large multimeric glycoprotein that plays a central role in the blood coagulation system, serving both as a major mediator of plateletvessel wall interaction and platelet adhesion, and as a carrier for coagulation factor VIII. (innov-research.com)
  • Cathepsin K is definitely the major mediator of bone resorption, controlling the osteoclast portion with the vicious BGB324 cycle. (liverxreceptor.com)
  • Cell cycle and differentiation In vitro experiments using both human and mouse cell lines have shown that EVI1 prevents the terminal differentiation of bone marrow progenitor cells to granulocytes and erythroid cells, however it favors the differentiation of hematopoietic cell to megakaryocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The chimeric gene of AML1-MDS1-EVI1 (AME) formed by the chromosomal translocation (3;21)(q26;q22) has also been shown in vitro to upregulate the cell cycle and block granulocytic differentiation of murine hematopoietic cells, as well as to delay the myeloid differentiation of bone marrow progenitors. (wikipedia.org)
  • TNF-α-mediated bystander assays used a murine coculture system of primary colonic epithelial cells and E. faecalis -infected macrophages ( in vitro ), with an interleukin 10 (IL-10)-deficient mouse model of colon cancer that involves long-term colonization with E. faecalis ( in vivo ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • In accordance with this, EnAd-infected tumor cells showed potent stimulation of dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells in a mixed tumor-leukocyte reaction in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this paper, we review the current literature on both in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of the immune system in fracture repair, the use of MSCs in the enhancement of fracture healing, and interactions between MSCs and immune cells. (hindawi.com)
  • MSC use frequently requires in vitro expansion, thus exposing cells to replicative senescence. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Consistent with this, depletion of COMMD3 induced invasive spheroid growth in ER + breast cancer cell lines in vitro, while Commd3 depletion in the relatively indolent 4T07 TNBC mouse cell line promoted tumour expansion in syngeneic Balb/c hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the roles of key driver genes are well documented through in vitro and in vivo studies [ 14 ], other regulators are also likely to contribute to aggressive breast cancer and render cells resistant to current treatments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 1998. Protection by extracellular glutathione against sulfur mustard induced toxicity in vitro. (cdc.gov)
  • Δ324 found at low levels in human and mouse cells - an alternative splice variant encoding an 88kDa protein lacking zinc fingers 6 and 7 Δ105 variant is unique to mice, and results in a protein truncated by 105 amino acids at the acidic C-terminus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CMGC family consists of Cyclin-Dependent protein Kinases (CDKs), Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERKs), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and p38, and similar proteins. (umbc.edu)
  • Importantly, we identify a novel role in MPNs for enkurin (ENKUR), a calcium mediator protein, implicated originally only in spermatogenesis. (stanford.edu)
  • Our data reveal consistent ENKUR downregulation at both RNA and protein levels across MPN patient specimens and experimental models, with a concomitant upregulation of a cell cycle marker, CDC20. (stanford.edu)
  • The use of grape stalks in the form of single cell protein after solid state fermentation (SSF) has been proposed as ruminant feed or feeding component ( 32 ). (scielo.org.ar)
  • GPR91 is a G protein-coupled cell surface receptor for extracellular succinate (Sucnr1). (haematologica.org)
  • Extracellular vaccinia virus formation and cell-to-cell virus transmission are prevented by deletion of the gene encoding the 37,000-Dalton outer envelope protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • DeMarini, and Chapter 20, by Rice and cell death determine the size protein in several signal ing path- and Herceg). (who.int)
  • MSCs are able to evade the host cell immune system due to their low expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules and complete lack MHC class II molecules and other costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD40L, CD80, and CD86) required for immune cell stimulation [ 15 - 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • molecules secreted by the tumor and tumor-related stromal cells, promoting their recruitment from bone marrow into the circulation and subsequent engraftment within tumor microenvironment [14]. (unicyte.ch)
  • They also are regulators of other molecules critical while in the vicious cycle. (liverxreceptor.com)
  • New target molecules and mediators as well animal model, diisocyanate, diphenyl-methane diisocyanate, as new therapeutic approaches for allergic asthma have hexamethylene diisocyanate, murine model, occupational been identified using animal models. (cdc.gov)
  • Together, they are involved in the control of cell-cycle progression, transcription, and neuronal function. (umbc.edu)
  • Cell cycle progression was also affected. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we discuss how rudimentary defense mechanisms deployed by myeloid cells can promote tumor progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • In SKBR3 cells, PEVs decreased mitochondrial dehydrogenase activities and altered cell cycle progression without affecting cell viability. (unipv.it)
  • In contrast, cyclin A binding to E2F-1 impedes PRMT1 methylation and augments PRMT5 methylation, thus ensuring that E2F-1 is locked into its cell-cycle progression mode. (embl.de)
  • In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, changes in the extracellular osmotic conditions are sensed by the HOG MAPK pathway, which elicits the program for cell adaptation, including modulation of gene expression, translation and cell-cycle progression. (upf.edu)
  • Mice with C5a receptor-deficient dendritic cells promote induction of Treg and Th17 cells. (medscape.com)
  • It is a single-chain membrane glycoprotein of approximately 200 kd that has 4 allotypic forms on myeloid cells (eg, erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes), lymphoid cells (mostly B cells), follicular dendritic cells, and glomerular podocytes. (medscape.com)
  • C3dg and C3d also can bind to the surface of bacteria and fungi, allowing CR2 on B cells and follicular dendritic cells to present the organisms for immune triggering. (medscape.com)
  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment in advanced stage like IIIB, IIIC, and IV is based on several driver mutations analysis including mutations/alterations of the epidermal growth factor receptor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ROS1, and PDL-1 expression. (asjo.in)
  • Importantly, inhibition of myosin light chain phosphorylation by a Rho kinase inhibitor prevented PEVs-stimulated migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. (unipv.it)
  • All of these involve erratic cellular development and differentiation in the bone marrow leading to dramatic alterations in the normal population of blood cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adipose-derived MSCs, in particular, pose an attractive option for cell-based therapy due to their relatively decreased morbidity during isolation and potential for expansion and differentiation [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Multipotential differentiation of MSCs into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cell lineages. (hindawi.com)
  • Role of p27(Kip1) in human intestinal cell differentiation. (natprobiotech.com)
  • These cells possess both differentiation plasticity (stemness) and tissue supportive functions (stromalness) that can coexist and overlap, with differences depending on tissue source, donor characteristics, culture conditions and delivery strategies, leading to alternative best fittings for the term "stem" or "stromal" [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • In addition to TAMs, solid tumors are also infiltrated by immunosuppressive, immature myeloid progenitor cells, commonly referred to as monocytic or polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M/PMN-MDSC) ( 11 - 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In that context, differentiated enterocytes in villi exhibit higher guanylin expression and ligand-dependent cGMP accumulation compared to proliferating progenitor cells in crypts. (jefferson.edu)
  • Crypt expansion reflected hyperplasia of the proliferating compartment with reciprocal increases in rapidly cycling progenitor cells and reductions in differentiated cells of the secretory lineage, including Paneth and goblet, but not enteroendocrine, cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • However, these immunotherapeutic approaches are hampered by the tumor-promoting nature of myeloid cells, including monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils. (frontiersin.org)
  • The density of CR1 receptors on cell surfaces varies with the cell type and with the activation of the cell for neutrophils and monocytes. (medscape.com)
  • DNA, which are released from the contents monia AND neutrophil extracellular traps, of neutrophils as a defense mechanism to respiratory tract infection AND neutrophil trap and destroy microorganisms1. (bvsalud.org)
  • Neutrophils are the first line of defense phil extracellular traps. (bvsalud.org)
  • In particular, it plays a vital role in the physiological and pathological activities of the three important cells, Endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. (wjgnet.com)
  • Even so, cathepsin K can be produced by other cells in the bone microenvironment, this kind of as macrophages and bone marrow stromal cells. (liverxreceptor.com)
  • Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the first responders to inhaled particulates, participating in clearance and activating other resident and recruited immunocompetent cells, impacting the long-term outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • PEVs are shed from platelet membrane in response to extracellular stimuli and carry important biological signals for intercellular communication. (unipv.it)
  • We also present a thorough analysis of the role of succinate in the initiation of metabolic and epigenetic changes that contribute to the development of cancer, as well as its effects on angiogenesis, cell invasion, and migration. (scientificarchives.com)
  • SDH transports electrons to the ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) pool in the respiratory chain and catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate in the TCA cycle. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Succinate is an essential intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle that exerts pleiotropic roles beyond metabolism in both physiological and pathological conditions. (haematologica.org)
  • Here, we further discuss current suggestions of the possible contribution of succinate to blood stem cell function and blood formation. (haematologica.org)
  • Further study will be required in the future to better understand succinate biology in blood cells. (haematologica.org)
  • The metabolite succinate or succinic acid is at the hub of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and it is mainly produced by succinyl coenzyme A synthetase from succinyl coenzyme A, in a reversible reaction that generally occurs under aerobic conditions ( Figure 1 ). (haematologica.org)
  • Succinate is released to the extracellular space through sodium-coupled citrate transporters (SLC13). (haematologica.org)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most commonly encountered urological cancers, accounting for 2-3% of all tumor malignancies in adults [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • In vivo, EV-stimulated MSCs supported tumor development and vascularization, when co-injected with renal tumor cells. (unicyte.ch)
  • Due to the low abundance of MSCs in human adult tissues (about 1/10 6 cells in adult bone marrow and 1/10 3-4 cells in adipose tissue and umbilical cord) [ 16 ] , frequently ex-vivo expansion precedes therapeutic administration, to obtain a clinically relevant number of cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Cell-based therapy utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) is an attractive option for augmenting the fracture repair process. (hindawi.com)
  • Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have the capacity to differentiate into a variety of cell types (Figure 1 ), including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) are susceptible to tumor signalling and can be recruited to tumor regions. (unicyte.ch)
  • Tumor survival and growth are associated with the capacity of cancer stem cells and of their progenies to interact with the surrounding stromal cells [2]. (unicyte.ch)
  • Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known by their migratory capacity to injury and tumor sites. (unicyte.ch)
  • Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a reservoir for tissue homeostasis and repair that age during organismal aging. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • EVs were instrumental in transferring selected miRNAs from HLSCs to human endothelial cells absent in the latter cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The horizontal transfer of extracellular RNAs carried by EVs has been shown to be able to reprogram hematopoietic progenitors ( 11 ) and to activate endothelial cells ( 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In which do the MMPs come from Cancer cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and endothelial cells make MMPs. (liverxreceptor.com)
  • Chemotherapy, either at conventional levels or in the higher-dosed myeloablative protocols used in conditioning regimens (with or without total body radiation in preparation for hematopoietic cell transplantation [HCT]), often results in erythema, edema, atrophy, and ulceration of the oral mucosa, a condition generally referred to as oral mucositis. (medscape.com)
  • As crosstalk with extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for tumour cell growth and survival, we applied high throughput shRNA screening on a validated '3D on-top cellular assay' to identify novel growth suppressive mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PRR on myeloid cells can be triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), but also indirectly by secondary mechanisms such as complement activation and circulating antibodies (Abs), resulting in cytolytic and phagocytic effector mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • Osteoprogenitor MSCs not only differentiate into bone, but they also exert modulatory effects on immune cells via a variety of mechanisms. (hindawi.com)
  • His group studies the physical and molecular mechanisms by which cells detect and respond to mechanical signals. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • For unravelling the molecular response to chemicals and for detecting mechanisms underlying deleterious phenotypes of cells, organs and organisms, proteomics and metabolomics are well established tools, since they are characterising actual molecular functions. (ufz.de)
  • In fact, the prevalence of cisplatin-induced kidney damage was 34% after fourth cycles and 52% after six cycles of cisplatin chemotherapy in adult cancer patients treated with cisplatin at a dose of ≥60 mg/m 2 at Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia [ 6 ]. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Although tumor-promoting functions have been attributed to other granulocytes, like eosinophils ( 17 ), basophils ( 18 ) and mast cells ( 19 ), further research is required to fully elucidate their role in cancer, as antitumoral roles have also been described ( 20 , 21 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Nevertheless, the majority of scientific discoveries points toward a more tumor-supporting role for myeloid cells in the TME. (frontiersin.org)
  • Such dual role possibly depends on a complex mechanism of interaction between tumor cells and MSCs that can be initially triggered by tumor EVs. (unicyte.ch)
  • Evidence indicating that OXPHOS plays a substantial role in the development of many cancer cells has led to the growing recognition of cancer as a metabolic disease. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Thus, our results define a major role for Rpd3, SAGA and Mediator in the Hog1-mediated osmostress gene induction, and have been important to achieve a better view of how a SAPK regulates transcription initiation. (upf.edu)
  • Role of cell-associated enveloped vaccinia virus in cell-to-cell spread. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Role of neutrophil extracellular la NETosis en las enfermedades infecciosas pulmonares. (bvsalud.org)
  • Despite not having a standardized measurement parameter, the excess of neutrophil extracellular traps corresponds conception, manuscript to the severity of tissue damage observed in patients with respiratory tract infections, revealing the important prognostic role design, literature search, data of the neutrophil response and NETosis process in pulmonary infectious diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • T cruzi can also be transmitted when mammalian hosts ingest infected insects, and this mechanism of transmission may play a major role in maintaining the sylvatic cycle. (medscape.com)
  • extracellular traps as prognostic markers in respiratory tract infectious diseases. (bvsalud.org)
  • By exploiting E. faecalis wild-type and mutant cells, we demonstrate that reduced demethylmenaquinone in the respiratory chain in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is crucial for the EET. (nuigalway.ie)
  • The virus also causes an obvious single membrane blister reminiscent of ischemic cell death by oncosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Viral infection primarily reflects binding between its membrane glycoprotein spike and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on select host human cell surfaces 15 . (wphobby.com)
  • Dissociation of progeny vaccinia virus from the cell membrane is regulated by a viral envelope glycoprotein: effect of a point mutation in the lectin homology domain of the A34R gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • More recently, HMGB1 has been found to have extra-cellular functions as a late mediator in immune response and also as a cytokine. (edu.hk)
  • We found that CSC-derived EVs promoted persistent phenotypical changes in MSCs characterized by an increased expression of genes associated with cell migration (CXCR4, CXCR7), matrix remodeling (COL4A3), angiogenesis and tumor growth (IL-8, Osteopontin and Myeloperoxidase). (unicyte.ch)
  • We have been interested in how the human HMGB1 gene is regulated as well as how HMGB1 regulates other genes in the cell. (edu.hk)
  • The expression profiles of these two cell lines were compared using cDNA microarray and the genes differentially expressed at a significant level were identified in these two cell lines. (edu.hk)
  • Among these genes, 96 were down regulated and 76 were up regulated in the HMGB1 suppressed MCF-7 cells. (edu.hk)
  • The expression levels of the p53 and MDM2 genes were found to be significantly lower in the HMGB1 down-regulated MCF-7 cells. (edu.hk)
  • Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • On the other hand, TNBC, which is mainly driven through dysregulation of cell-cycle related genes (e.g. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We performed a genome-wide genetic screening searching for mutations that render cells osmosensitive and displayed reduced expression of osmoresponsive genes. (upf.edu)
  • Kang and colleagues selleckchem uncovered that expression of two MMP genes, MMP1 and ADAMTS1, discriminated in between a subline of osteotropic metastatic MDA MB 231 cells and also the parental line. (liverxreceptor.com)
  • In cell cocultures, we observed increased expression of the TNF-α receptor Tnfrsf1b and Netrin-1. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Paclitaxel enhances the effects of the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody ImClone C225 in mice with metastatic human bladder transitional cell carcinoma. (natprobiotech.com)
  • These exosomes significantly increase expression of endosomal toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 in peripheral T cells and monocytes. (wphobby.com)
  • CR1 and CR2 have been shown to influence the immune environment in a B-cell receptor-independent manner. (medscape.com)
  • CR2/CD21 interacts with C3b degradation products C3dg and C3d and can act synergistically with the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) in B-cell activation. (medscape.com)
  • Expression and CpG methylation of the BMP-2 gene were analyzed using RCC cell lines, and 96 matched RCC and normal renal tissues. (oncotarget.com)
  • Furthermore, it is possible to say that reducing EGF and KRAS gene expression inhibits cancer cell growth. (natprobiotech.com)
  • Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • We focused on COMMD3 , a previously poorly characterised gene that suppressed invasive growth of ER + breast cancer cells in the cellular assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutation of cell-cycle regulators biological and clinical implications for human neoplasia. (natprobiotech.com)
  • Rpd3 histone deacetylase, SAGA and Mediator complexes were identified as novel regulators of osmostress-mediated transcription. (upf.edu)
  • Extracellular electron transfer (EET) in microbial cells is essential for certain biotechnological applications and contributes to the biogeochemical cycling of elements and syntrophic microbial metabolism in complex natural environments. (nuigalway.ie)
  • The Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecalis, an opportunistic human pathogen, is shown to be able to transfer electrons generated in fermentation metabolism to electrodes directly and indirectly via mediators. (nuigalway.ie)
  • This is because metabolism, which is the process of nutrient utilization in itself, puts cells under stress. (physicianwrites.com)
  • Additionally, a viable therapeutic strategy may involve triggering the cell death mechanism in cancer cells by blocking mitochondrial metabolism with a natural substance. (scientificarchives.com)
  • Despite the arsenal of defense strategies against foreign invaders, myeloid cells succumb to the instructions of an established tumor. (frontiersin.org)
  • Renal carcinomas have been shown to contain a population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) that present self-renewing capacity and support tumor growth and metastasis. (unicyte.ch)
  • Moreover, EV-stimulated MSCs enhanced migration of renal tumor cells and induced vessel-like formation. (unicyte.ch)
  • The tumor is composed by different cell populations. (unicyte.ch)
  • Numerous reports showed that tumor EVs are not restricted only to tumor microenvironment but are also present in the blood circulation and other body fluids, supporting the idea that EVs can also stimulate cells at distant sites in the organism [10-13]. (unicyte.ch)
  • Anti- tumoral effects have been reported in different types of tumors, showing a reduction in tumor growth and metastasis with the presence of MSCs or EVs derived from these cells [15-18]. (unicyte.ch)
  • Malheureusement, le dépistage et la prise en charge des infections liées aux DECI demeurent complexes et nécessitent souvent le retrait complet et rapide du dispositif et des sondes en vue d'éradiquer l'infection. (bvsalud.org)
  • They tend to enhance the effects of complement and are highly important in the binding of opsonized immune complexes on B cells. (medscape.com)
  • Opsonized immune complexes (coated by C3b and C4b) bind to CR1, mostly on red blood cells, and are cleared through the liver where they can be transferred to CR3-bearing phagocytes and endocytosed. (medscape.com)
  • Macrophage-induced bystander effects have been implicated as an important mediator of chromosomal instability and colon cancer triggered by Enterococcus faecalis , a human intestinal commensal bacteria. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Because of their high numbers, red blood cells express an average of 90% of the CR1 receptors despite their having a lower number of antigenic sites per cell. (medscape.com)
  • Conversely, PEVs potently stimulated migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231, without affecting the distribution in the different phases of the cell cycle. (unipv.it)
  • The most promising candidate, CYT997, was tested for its invitro effects on cell viability and cell death, colony formation, cell cycle changes, and cell migration/invasion in HCC cells. (stanford.edu)
  • CYT997 inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion, and down-regulated the expressions of acetylated tubulins, beta-tubulin, glypican-3 (GPC3), beta-catenin, and c-Myc. (stanford.edu)
  • Adherens junctions (AJs) allow cell contact to inhibit epithelial migration yet also permit epithelia to move as coherent sheets. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • MSC = multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell. (hindawi.com)
  • HLSCs do not express hematopoietic stem cell markers, whereas they express several mesenchymal markers and display multiple differentiating abilities ( 22 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • It is 95% water and extracellular cartilage matrix and only 5% chondrocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • VWF released from endothelial cell Weibel-Palade bodies bound particularly avidly to the extracellular matrix. (innov-research.com)
  • VEGF also varieties a complicated with the extracellular matrix. (liverxreceptor.com)
  • The scope of the special issue is to summarize and enlarge the knowledge in signalling processes and networks in diverse cells and tissues. (mdpi.com)
  • BDNF/TrkB signaling protects HT-29 human colon cancer cells from EGFR inhibition. (natprobiotech.com)
  • Subsequently, the effect of an additional small molecular inhibitor, BMS-777607 (which targets MST1R (RON), MET, Tyro3, and Axl) also resulted in a decreased proliferative capacity of MPM cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • El nostre objectiu va ser caracteritzar el mecanisme molecular pel qual Hog1 modula la transcripció en resposta a estrès osmòtic. (upf.edu)
  • Therefore, cells must be equipped with molecular tools to adapt and respond to constantly fluctuating inputs. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • PEVs were massively internalized by the metastatic cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 and the ductal carcinoma cell line BT474, but not by the MCF-7 cell line. (unipv.it)
  • Metastatic breast cancer may emerge from latent tumour cells that remain dormant at disseminated sites for many years [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Diurnal enhancement of pain hypersensitivity is mediated by glucocorticoid-induced enhancement of the extracellular release of ATP in the spinal cord, which stimulates purinergic receptors on microglia in the dorsal horn. (nature.com)
  • Temporal elevations in glucocorticoid levels enhance the extracellular release of ATP in the spinal cord, which stimulates purinergic receptors on microglia in the dorsal horn. (nature.com)