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Femur NeckFemurBone DensityFractures, BoneFracture HealingFemoral FracturesNeckHip FracturesHead and Neck NeoplasmsOsteoporosisAbsorptiometry, PhotonFemoral Neck FracturesFracture Fixation, InternalSpinal FracturesFracture FixationFractures, ComminutedNeck PainFractures, SpontaneousOsteoporotic FracturesRadius FracturesFracture Fixation, IntramedullaryFractures, StressBacterial CapsulesUlna FracturesFemur HeadPolysaccharides, BacterialRib FracturesSkull FracturesMandibular FracturesBone NailsFemoral NeoplasmsNeck InjuriesBone PlatesDiaphysesTooth FracturesPeriprosthetic FracturesBony CallusFractures, CompressionIntra-Articular FracturesBone ScrewsTibiaOrbital FracturesBone and BonesTreatment OutcomeColles' FractureExternal FixatorsBiomechanical PhenomenaRetrospective StudiesOsteoporosis, PostmenopausalBone Density Conservation AgentsBone WiresTractionHumerusRange of Motion, ArticularCasts, SurgicalJoint CapsuleLens Capsule, CrystallineTomography, X-Ray ComputedWeight-BearingFollow-Up StudiesHip ProsthesisCarcinoma, Squamous CellStreptococcus pneumoniaeFemur Head NecrosisWrist InjuriesLumbar VertebraeBone RemodelingArthroplasty, Replacement, HipAccidental FallsPostoperative ComplicationsFibulaTime FactorsMultiple TraumaPelvic BonesBone CementsOsteotomyLeg Length InequalityProspective StudiesMaxillary FracturesProsthesis FailureProsthesis DesignForearm InjuriesReoperationZygomatic FracturesBone TransplantationBone Diseases, MetabolicOrthopedic ProceduresCadaverSerotypingAlendronateDislocationsRisk FactorsThoracic VertebraeStress, MechanicalClavicleDiphosphonatesKnee JointInternal FixatorsAntibodies, BacterialCompressive Strength
Head of thTrochantericIntracapsularGreater and lesser trochantersDislocationSide of the femurTraumaThighPelvisSubtrochanteric fracturesProximal Femoral NailDistal femurLateralDisplacementLaterallyStress fractureSurgicalBoneAcetabulumShaftPosteriorIntramedullaryHemiarthroplastyNailOccurReductionFragmentsLesserFixation devicesElderly patientsCompressionClassificationMedialTibiaOrthopedicsMalgaigneInsertionJointScrewOrthopaedicAttachmentTransverseAnatomyImplant failure
Head of th11
  • Blood supply to the head of the femur may be damaged at the time of an intracapsular hip fracture, leading to inadequate flow to the cartilage and underlying supporting bone after repair. (baptisthealth.com)
  • A second screw may be placed through the nail and up into the neck and head of the femur to increase stability. (baptisthealth.com)
  • A long metal rod together with a large secondary (lag) screw or with screws that capture the neck and head of the femur. (baptisthealth.com)
  • The fracture may affect the blood supply to the head of the femur. (thegasmanhandbook.co.uk)
  • The head of the femur is resurfaced and covered with a metal cap to fit smoothly in the new socket. (baptisthealthdeaconess.com)
  • The head of the femur is angled superomedially and slightly anteriorly when articulating with the acetabulum. (medscape.com)
  • Within the joint is the ligament of the head of the femur (ligamentum teres femoris) (Figs 6.67 & 6.69), which has the form of a flattened cone, the base attaching to the margins of the acetabular fossa and transverse acetabular ligament and the apex to the fovea on the femoral head. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Synovial membrane lines the interior of the capsule and the non-articular surfaces of the joint, clothes the ligament of the head of the femur and is reflected over the retinacular fibres and the femoral neck as far as the head. (pediagenosis.com)
  • The ligament of the head of the femur limits adduction of the hip. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Medially, only the thin bone of the acetabular fossa (Figs 6.71 & 6.72) separates the head of the femur from structures within the pelvis that are vulnerable following acetabular fracture accompanied by medial displacement of the femoral head. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Hip resurfacing may only affect the head of the femur or it may involve both the femoral head and the hip socket. (eorthopod.com)
Trochanteric19
  • Trochanteric fractures: Greater trochanter usually fractured by avulsion at the site of insertion of the gluteus medius. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The stable trochanteric fractures are well treated with a sliding hip screw, while intramedullary nails seem superior for the unstable trochanteric and the sub-trochanteric fractures. (springer.com)
  • Ban I, Birkelund L, Palm H, Brix M, Troelsen A (2012) Circumferential wires as a supplement to intramedullary nailing in unstable trochanteric hip fractures: 4 reoperations in 60 patients followed for 1 year. (springer.com)
  • Baumgaertner MR, Solberg BD (1997) Awareness of tip-apex distance reduces failure of fixation of trochanteric fractures of the hip. (springer.com)
  • Chirodian N, Arch B, Parker MJ (2005) Sliding hip screw fixation of trochanteric hip fractures: outcome of 1024 procedures. (springer.com)
  • The proximal femur consists of the femoral head, the femoral neck, and the trochanteric region (including the greater and lesser trochanters). (medscape.com)
  • A trochanteric hip fracture occurs between the greater trochanter, where the gluteus medius and the gluteus minimus (hip extensors and abductors) attach, and the lesser trochanter, where the iliopsoas (hip flexor) attaches (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • The other two types of hip fractures are fractures of the femoral neck , which are proximal or cephalad to trochanteric fractures, and subtrochanteric fractures , which are distal to or below the trochanters. (medscape.com)
  • Cooper also contributed to the knowledge of intertrochanteric fractures with his book of 1822, in which he was the first to distinguish between fractures of the neck of the proximal femur (intracapsular) and those outside the joint capsule (extracapsular) through the trochanteric level. (medscape.com)
  • Inter trochanteric fractures and their complications are some of the commonest conditions seen by an orthopedic surgeon in their clinical practice. (traumainternational.co.in)
  • The outcome after Inter trochanteric fracture especially in the elderly is dependent on several factors and the best way to manage complications is to preempt them. (traumainternational.co.in)
  • Stable Inter trochanteric fractures do well with any kind of fixation. (traumainternational.co.in)
  • Several studies have found that an inter-trochanteric fracture with extension into the lateral wall either existing or produced during insertion of screw plate device, leads to an unstable situation that cannot be salvaged with a sliding compression screw plate device. (traumainternational.co.in)
  • When the lateral femoral wall is fractured, the fracture line is parallel to the sliding vector of the sliding hip screw, which, as in the reverse oblique intertrochanteric fracture, allows the trochanteric and femoral head and neck fragments to slide laterally and the shaft to slide medially. (traumainternational.co.in)
  • The hip joint capsule divides fractures into two main categories with an almost equal patient distribution: (1) Intra-capsular femoral neck fractures and (2) Extra-capsular basicervical, trochanteric and sub-trochanteric fractures. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Trochanteric fractures cover the trochanteric area from the capsule until just below the lesser trochanter. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • The AO/OTA classification covers most fractures within previous classification systems, except the few trochanteric fractures with a detached greater trochanter and an intact lesser trochanter. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • Huang X, Leung F, Xiang Z, Tan PY, Yang J, Wei DQ, Yu X. Proximal femoral nail versus dynamic hip screw fixation for trochanteric fractures: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. (edu.iq)
  • Papasimos S, Koutsojannis CM, Panagopoulos A, Megas P, and Lambiris E. A randomised comparison of AMBI, TGN and PFN for treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures. (edu.iq)
Intracapsular2
  • [ 4 ] He recognized that extracapsular fractures united, whereas intracapsular fractures did not. (medscape.com)
  • Intracapsular fractures occur between the femoral head and the insertion point account for around 50% of NOF fractures. (thegasmanhandbook.co.uk)
Greater and lesser trochanters2
  • Intertrochanteric fracture: In line between greater and lesser trochanters. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The superior end of the femur consists of a head, a neck, and greater and lesser trochanters. (medscape.com)
Dislocation7
  • Malgaigne fracture, bucket handle fracture, and pelvic "dislocation") ( Fig. 15.40 ). (radiologykey.com)
  • An anteroposterior or posteroanterior force vector produces vertically oriented pubic rami fractures and disruption of the pubic symphysis and the sacroiliac joints, resulting in pelvic "dislocation" ("sprung" pelvis or "open book" injury). (radiologykey.com)
  • Bensen AS, Jakobsen T, Krarup N (2014) Dual mobility cup reduces dislocation and re-operation when used to treat displaced femoral neck fractures. (springer.com)
  • Enocson A, Tidermark J, Tornkvist H, Lapidus LJ (2008) Dislocation of hemiarthroplasty after femoral neck fracture: better outcome after the anterolateral approach in a prospective cohort study on 739 consecutive hips. (springer.com)
  • This can happen from trauma (like a hip dislocation or fracture), a blood clot blocking blood flow, or high blood pressure at the level of the bone tissue from excessive alcohol or corticosteroid use. (eorthopod.com)
  • John W. fractures and dislocation of the hip .In: Terry canal S ,James H(eds) .CAMPBELL'S OPERATIVE ORTHOPAEDICS. (edu.iq)
  • Anterior hip dislocation is commonly reduced by inline traction and external rotation, with an assistant pushing on the femoral head or pulling the femur laterally to assist reduction. (ochsnerjournal.org)
Side of the femur2
  • In some cases, the surgeon may use a plate that is applied to the side of the femur, rather than a rod, that is held in place with screws that go into the bone. (baptisthealth.com)
  • The superior end of the bone is the articulating side of the femur to the acetabulum. (medscape.com)
Trauma4
  • Femoral neck fracture: Usually older adults with minor trauma, or young patient with major trauma. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Subtrochanteric fracture: Usually due to direct, major trauma in younger patients or lesser trauma in elderly. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • His current research interests are varied and include the assessment of patient reported outcomes measures in ambulatory trauma, surgeon volumes in arthroplasty, and the biomechanics of fracture fixation. (oruk.org)
  • Avascular necrosis is caused by ischaemia hypothetically due to either a direct trauma to the arterial supply crossing the fracture-line or by a temporary arterial impingement, caused by vessel stretching or intra-capsular hematoma. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Thigh5
Pelvis2
  • Stable pelvic fractures ( Fig. 15.34 ) do not disrupt the osseous ring formed by the pelvis and sacrum (type 1 injuries) or disrupt it in only one place (type 2 injuries), whereas unstable fractures ( Fig. 15.35 ) completely disrupt the ring in two or more places (type 3 injuries). (radiologykey.com)
  • The hip joint is the articulation of the pelvis with the femur, which connects the axial skeleton with the lower extremity. (medscape.com)
Subtrochanteric fractures1
Proximal Femoral Nail2
  • Proximal femoral nail which is an intramedulary devices for the fixation is more stable devices for the patients with fracture of Intertrochanteric (kyle 3 or Ao31-A2) than DHS which is extramedulary devices (plate and screws) in term of shorter time of surgery. (edu.iq)
  • Herman A, Landau Y, Tenenbaum S, Remu E, Chechick A, Shazar N. A Comparison of Two Proximal Femoral Nail Devices For Fixation of Unstable Intertrochanteric Femur Fractures. (edu.iq)
Distal femur2
  • Clinical signs involve lameness, pain, medial joint swelling, effusion, crepitation, excessive cranial laxity of the proximal tibia relative to the distal femur (drawer sign, or positive compression test), and increased internal tibial rotation. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • The caudal surface of the ovate shaped sesamoid should articulate with the trochlea or trochlear sulcus of the distal femur. (dvm360.com)
Lateral10
  • In the unstable jumper's fracture ( Fig. 15.41 ), dissociation of the central portions of the sacrum from its lateral portions occurs by bilateral vertical sacral fractures, most commonly through the neural foramina representing the weakest points in the sacrum. (radiologykey.com)
  • A lateral force vector characteristically causes transverse fractures of the pubic rami, vertical compression fractures of the sacrum, and fractures of the iliac wings, as well as pelvic instability caused by rotation of one or both hemipelvises (rotational instability). (radiologykey.com)
  • The reason for this distinction as highlighted by Palm et al and Gotfried et al, is the quality of the greater trochanter and potential for a lateral wall fracture while inserting the sliding screw leading to a potentially unstable situation post-operatively. (traumainternational.co.in)
  • The latter are often labeled as iatrogenic lateral wall fractures (ILWF). (traumainternational.co.in)
  • The support from lateral femoral wall is the key to success in sliding screw plate device to allow controlled compression and collapse at the fracture site. (traumainternational.co.in)
  • 31-A3 covers fracture lines through the lateral femoral wall - defined as the lateral cortex distal to the greater trochanter - in which the subgroup 31-A3.1 represent the reverse fracture and 31-A3.2 the transversal, while the most comminuted 31-A3.3 fracture demands both a fractured lateral femoral wall and a detached lesser trochanter. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • The flared end joins the prongs to help maintain soft tissue retraction away from the broach teeth, while the two prong design helps placement lateral to the tip of the greater trochanter and elevates the femur. (innomed.net)
  • The superior border of the neck begins just lateral to the femoral head and ends distally at the greater trochanter. (medscape.com)
  • The inferior border of the neck begins lateral to the femoral head and extends to the inferior trochanter. (medscape.com)
  • Branches from the external iliac artery form a ring around the neck of the femur, with the lateral femoral circumflex artery going anteriorly and the medial femoral circumflex artery going posteriorly. (ochsnerjournal.org)
Displacement6
  • Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: Displacement between the femoral neck and capital femoral epiphysis. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Dependent on the degree of displacement of the fractured bones, patients may require a partial or total hip replacement. (baptisthealth.com)
  • Determination of treatment is based on the degree of displacement of the fractured bones, the over-all condition of the patient and even the age of the patient. (baptisthealth.com)
  • If there is little to no displacement of the fractured bones, the fracture repair may be a hip pinning (percutaneous pinning) or involve screws and a plate to hold the bones in alignment. (baptisthealth.com)
  • The likelihood of a second break in the pelvic ring (type 3 injury) increases with a greater degree of joint diastasis or fracture displacement at the primary injury site. (radiologykey.com)
  • Femoral neck fracture classification has historically been contentious with several different systems, primarily based on fracture displacement seen in the anterior-posterior radiographs. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Laterally2
  • The fracture-line is anatomically located laterally to the nutrient vessels to the femoral head, so avascular necrosis is rarely seen, but muscle attachments often dislocate the fragments and bleeding into surrounding muscles can be severe and life-threatening. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • The iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments are capsular thickenings that spiral downwards and laterally from the hip bone to the femur. (pediagenosis.com)
Stress fracture1
  • Another common type 1 injury represents a unilateral pubic ramus fracture (usually in the superior ramus) occurring in elderly patients after a fall or prosthetic hip replacement surgery and in athletes as stress fracture. (radiologykey.com)
Surgical7
  • Hip repair is a surgical procedure to repair and restore strength to the area of bone that has fractured, as well as surrounding soft tissues that may have been damaged from the injury. (baptisthealth.com)
  • Surgical repair of a hip fracture will help relieve pain caused by the injury, promote a return to mobility and restore bones to their original, aligned positions. (baptisthealth.com)
  • This course is designed for foundation doctors and core surgical trainees, it will provide a solid foundation with regards to the surgical management of neck of femur fractures. (oruk.org)
  • Clifton R, Haleem S, Mckee A, Parker MJ (2008) Closed suction surgical wound drainage after hip fracture surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. (springer.com)
  • Intertrochanteric fractures are common problems in elderly and need surgical intervention to prevent bed ridden problems and decrease comorbidities among the elderly population. (edu.iq)
  • Globally there is an increase in the incidence of femoral neck fracture and the surgical management with better outcome is challenging for surgeons and for hospitals. (edu.iq)
  • Current CORIT research programs include: (1) Development new mitigation strategies for prevention of prosthetic joint infections, (2) The prevention and treatment of periprosthetic fractures, (3) Quantifying and enhancing surgical skills through computer-assisted and robotic technologies, and (4) Biomechanical simulation and optimization of orthopaedic procedures. (uth.edu)
Bone11
  • The type of repair required for a hip or femur fracture depends on the extent of the break and what areas of bone and soft tissue are affected. (baptisthealth.com)
  • Intertrochanteric fractures - those that occur below the neck of the femur and above the shaft of the femur can be managed with either a compression hip screw or an intramedullary nail (a metal rod forced into the intramedullary cavity of the bone). (baptisthealth.com)
  • During your surgery, the surgeon will make one or two incisions over the broken bone, move bone pieces back into their correct positions, and place screws, nails, rods and/or plates to hold the fracture in place so the bones can heal. (baptisthealth.com)
  • Challenges are osteoporotic bone, bone vascularity, muscle-attachments, maintaining fracture reduction and slow fracture healing in the often-elderly population and, although reduced in recent years, still 5-20 % of patients need a reoperation, mainly depending on fracture type and choice of surgery. (springer.com)
  • Due to the higher blood supply of the cancellous bone, these fracture can be associated with significant bleeding. (thegasmanhandbook.co.uk)
  • The main underlying risk factor is the presence of osteoporotic bone, resulting in a fracture. (thegasmanhandbook.co.uk)
  • The hip bone connects the trunk to the lower limb by extending from the sacrum to the femur. (dartmouth.edu)
  • The femur is the longest and heaviest bone in the human body. (medscape.com)
  • The trabecular bone configuration in the proximal femur obeys Wolff's Law, which states that bony structures orient themselves in form and mass so as to best resist extrinsic forces. (medscape.com)
  • 4 The talus is weakest at the neck, where the bone is recessed to allow for dorsiflexion. (caringmedical.com)
  • An "unstable" hip fracture is often fixed using an intramedullary nailing, which is a rod that is driven into the middle of the bone to help hold the fragments together. (eorthopod.com)
Acetabulum2
  • Anatomic components contributing to the hip's stability include the depth of the acetabulum, the labrum, joint capsule, muscular support, and surrounding ligaments. (ochsnerjournal.org)
  • 12 This scenario occurs when the patient reaches the extremes of the prosthetic range of motion and the femoral neck levers on the acetabular cup, allowing the femoral head to escape from the acetabulum. (ochsnerjournal.org)
Shaft7
  • the line of fracture being such as to separate the femur into two fragments, one of which is composed of the head, neck and trochanter major, and the other of the shaft with the remaining portions of the femur. (medscape.com)
  • In adults, the femoral head is primarily supplied by the distal recurrent vessels entering the femur on the shaft side of the fracture. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • The head is attached to the femoral body or shaft by the neck of the femur. (medscape.com)
  • The head and neck are at an angle of 130º (± 7º) to the shaft. (medscape.com)
  • The greater trochanter is a bony prominence on the anterolateral surface of the proximal shaft of the femur, distal to the femoral neck. (medscape.com)
  • The lesser trochanter is a bony prominence on the proximal medial aspect of the femoral shaft, just distal to the femoral neck. (medscape.com)
  • line (Figs 6.66 & 6.68) at the root of the femoral neck and to the femoral shaft just above the lesser trochanter. (pediagenosis.com)
Posterior3
  • Type 3 injuries (double breaks in the pelvic ring) include straddle fractures (vertical fractures of both superior pubic and ischiopubic rami or unilateral vertical rami fractures associated with symphyseal diastasis) ( Fig. 15.39 ) and injuries with complete disruption of both the anterior and posterior pelvic ring (e.g. (radiologykey.com)
  • Dolatowski FC, Adampour M, Frihagen F, Stavem K, Erik Utvåg S, Hoelsbrekken SE (2016) Preoperative posterior tilt of at least 20° increased the risk of fixation failure in Garden-I and -II femoral neck fractures. (springer.com)
  • Antero-posterior radiograph of right side proximal femur showing the anatomy and fracture positions. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Intramedullary6
  • As opposed to closed treatment following the reduction of the fracture, Langenbeck attempted internal fixation of the reduced fracture in 1850 using an intramedullary nail. (medscape.com)
  • These intramedullary nails are more costly than the sliding screws used for a stable hip fracture correction. (eorthopod.com)
  • Not unexpectedly, then, when surgeons are faced with the decision of which screw to use with a questionably unstable or stable fracture, they choose the intramedullary nailing screw. (eorthopod.com)
  • Petrochanteric fractures: is there an advantage to an intramedullary nail? (edu.iq)
  • Parker, M. J. and Handoll, H. H. G. Gamma and other cephalocondylic intramedullary nails versus extramedullary implants for extracapsular hip fractures in adults. (edu.iq)
  • Giraud B , Dehoux E, Jovenin N, Madi K, Harisboure A, Usandizaga G, Segal P.. Pertrochanteric fractures: a randomized prospective study comparying dynamic screw plate and intramedullary fixation. (edu.iq)
Hemiarthroplasty2
  • Azegami S, Gurusamy KS, Parker MJ (2011) Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for hip fractures: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials. (springer.com)
  • Burgers PT, Van Geene AR, Van den Bekerom MP, Van Lieshout EM, Blom B, Aleem IS, Bhandari M, Poolman RW (2012) Total hip arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in the healthy elderly: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized trials. (springer.com)
Nail3
  • Blind reduction and fixation of the fracture by percutaneous insertion of a nail or another internal fixation device without visualization of the tract of the nail meant that malpositioning of the fracture, the device, or both was frequent. (medscape.com)
  • Dynamic hip screw vs. proximal femur nail in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in patients aged over 70 years old. (edu.iq)
  • Liu M, Yang Z, Pei F, Huang F, Chen S, Xiang Z. A meta-analysis of the Gamma nail and dynamic hip screw in treating peritrochanteric fractures. (edu.iq)
Occur6
  • Type 1 injuries include avulsion fractures that occur at tendinous attachment sites, such as the anterosuperior and anteroinferior iliac spines, ischial tuberosity, and iliac crest. (radiologykey.com)
  • These fractures occur commonly in children before closure of the corresponding physis (cartilage plate) and athletes secondary to forcible muscular contraction. (radiologykey.com)
  • The majority of fractures (90%) occur from a simple mechanical fall, from standing height. (thegasmanhandbook.co.uk)
  • Around 77,000 NOF fractures occur in the UK each year. (thegasmanhandbook.co.uk)
  • Intrertrochanteric fractures are not very prone for complications, however when complications do occur they are quite disabling and challenging. (traumainternational.co.in)
  • Since these fractures typically occur in geriatric group and the patient is often frail and having comorbidities, complications in this groups leads to loss of functional independence, prolonged hospital stay with tremendous costs to the patients, family and the society. (traumainternational.co.in)
Reduction2
  • [ 5 ] In 1902, Royal Whitman first reported on the reduction of fractures with abduction, internal rotation, and traction under anesthesia with immobilization in a spica cast from the nipple line to the toes. (medscape.com)
  • Portable radiographic machines and the subsequent development of portable fluoroscopy machines with image-intensification screens and low-radiation technology enabled control and confirmation of the fracture reduction in the operating room (OR). (medscape.com)
Fragments1
  • Classification systems are primarily based on fracture-line location and number of fragments. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
Lesser4
  • Extracapsular fractures: Below acetabular capsule to the distal lesser trochanter. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The subtrochanteric fracture occurs below the bony protuberance known as the lesser trochanter. (baptisthealth.com)
  • Fracture type 31-A1 covers the simple two-part fractures, while 31-A2 demands a detached lesser trochanter, with an intact (31-A2.1) or a detached greater trochanter (31-A2.2-3). (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • The pubofemoral ligament ( Fig. 6.68 ) passes from the iliopubic eminence to the femoral neck just above the lesser trochanter. (pediagenosis.com)
Fixation devices1
Elderly patients2
  • The extensive literature has created partial treatment consensus: Undisplaced femoral neck fractures seem adequately treated with parallel screws/pins or a sliding hip screw, while the displaced femoral neck fractures should be given a prosthesis in elderly patients. (springer.com)
  • John C. We6.Pan X, . Xiao D, Lin B, and HuangG, Dynamic hip screws (DHS) and proximal femoral nails (PFN) in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of femur in elderly patients. (edu.iq)
Compression2
  • Pelvic fractures are frequently associated with severe soft tissue injuries, including vascular lacerations, compression or disruption of peripheral nerves, and perforation of the urinary bladder, urethra, rectosigmoid, and anus. (radiologykey.com)
  • Bhandari M, Schemitsch E, Jönsson A, Zlowodzki M, Haidukewych GJ (2009) Gamma nails revisited: gamma nails versus compression hip screws in the management of intertrochanteric fractures of the hip: a meta-analysis. (springer.com)
Classification5
  • Classification systems of pelvic fractures combining the direction of the force that created the injury with the fracture pattern seen radiographically allow a highly specific injury description and are preferred by orthopedic surgeons ( Table 15.1 ). (radiologykey.com)
  • Previously used classification system of Boyd & Griffiths had poor inter and intra-observer reliability and were used commonly to describe fracture patterns rather than predict outcomes. (traumainternational.co.in)
  • Evans classification subsequently advanced our understanding about stable and unstable fracture patterns. (traumainternational.co.in)
  • But the most commonly used classification currently is the AO/OTA classification, which classifies IT fractures into three types: 31A1, 31 A2 and 31A3 with increasing instability as the grade increases. (traumainternational.co.in)
  • How reliable is classification of tibial plateau fractures? (mcmaster.ca)
Medial3
  • Instability of the stifle joint after rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament can lead to medial meniscal injury, joint effusion, osteophytosis, and joint capsule fibrosis. (msdvetmanual.com)
  • The head surmounts the femoral neck, whose base abuts the medial side of the greater trochanter. (pediagenosis.com)
  • Posteriorly, the line of attachment of the capsule is such that only the upper (medial) half of the femoral neck lies within the joint. (pediagenosis.com)
Tibia1
  • Patellar luxations may also be associated with cranial cruciate ligament deficiency, abnormal coxofemoral joint confirmation such as increased or decreased femoral neck angle (coxo valga/vara) and hip dysplasia, angular deformity of the femur or tibia (congenital or traumatic), abnormalities of the quadriceps muscle or a patellar ligament that is too long or short. (dvm360.com)
Orthopedics1
  • In:Solomon L,Warwick D,Nayagam S(eds).Apley's System of Orthopedics and Fractures. (edu.iq)
Malgaigne1
  • The diagnosis and care of intertrochanteric fractures were then studied and written about by Dupuytren, Malgaigne, Velpeau, and Whitman, among others. (medscape.com)
Insertion1
Joint5
  • Type 2 injuries (single break in the pelvic ring) include ipsilateral fractures of the superior and inferior pubic (ischiopubic) rami, fracture of the pubic body adjacent to the symphysis, subluxation of one sacroiliac joint ( Fig. 15.37 ) or the pubic symphysis, and a fracture paralleling the sacroiliac joint ( Fig. 15.38 ). (radiologykey.com)
  • An inferosuperior force vector produces vertically oriented fractures of the pubic rami and disruption of the sacroiliac joints and sacral or ilial fractures, paralleling this joint. (radiologykey.com)
  • The iliopsoas tendon and anterior aspect of the capsule are separated by a large bursa (Fig. 6.68), which often is in communication with the joint cavity. (pediagenosis.com)
  • The tendon of obturator externus is separated from the capsule by a smaller bursa, which may also communicate with the joint. (pediagenosis.com)
  • If addressed early, surgery may only need to address the disrupted fascia and joint capsule and further corrective procedures may not be needed if the conformation is normal. (dvm360.com)
Screw4
  • Complication rates such as screw cut outs have been reported to be as high as 50% in cases of unstable IT fractures ( 1) There have been some recent insights with regard to fracture pattern which have drastically improved our understanding of intertrochanteric fractures. (traumainternational.co.in)
  • Unfortunately, hip fractures are not often straight-forward and the determination of whether the fracture is stable or not and which screw to use is left up to the surgeon. (eorthopod.com)
  • For a stable hip fracture, the obvious choice of using an extramedullary sliding hip screw proved cost effective. (eorthopod.com)
  • They concluded that for stable and questionably stable hip fractures a sliding hip screw is the best choice. (eorthopod.com)
Orthopaedic3
  • Adam P, Philippe R, Ehlinger M, Roche O, Bonnomet F, Molé D, Fessy MH, French Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology (SoFCOT) (2012) Dual mobility cups hip arthroplasty as a treatment for displaced fracture of the femoral neck in the elderly. (springer.com)
  • Neck of femur (NOF) fractures/proximal femoral fractures are a common orthopaedic presentation. (thegasmanhandbook.co.uk)
  • NOF fractures are the most common reason for orthopaedic ward admission. (thegasmanhandbook.co.uk)
Attachment2
  • Basicervical fractures are a few percent of borderline cases between the intra- and extra-capsular fractures, anatomically positioned on the capsular attachment line. (musculoskeletalkey.com)
  • From the femoral attachment of the capsule, retinacular fibres derived from the deep part of the capsule (Fig. 6.67) are reflected medially over the neck to the margins of the head. (pediagenosis.com)
Transverse2
  • Isolated transverse or vertical sacral fractures ( Fig. 15.36 ) are rare and have to be differentiated from insufficiency fractures in osteopenia that have usually both a vertical and horizontal course. (radiologykey.com)
  • Fracture of the transverse process of L5 where the iliolumbar ligament attaches is a harbinger of an unstable pelvic injury. (radiologykey.com)
Anatomy1
  • Although all three types of fractures are commonly referred to simply as hip fractures, the above distinctions between them are important because the anatomy, prognosis, and management are different for each type. (medscape.com)
Implant failure1
  • Complications can be listed as implant cut out, non union, implant failure, peri implant fracture and general medical complications. (traumainternational.co.in)