• Zeb1 and Tle3 are trans-factors that differentially regulate the expression of myosin heavy chain-embryonic and skeletal muscle differentiation. (mpg.de)
  • Three embryonic class II myosin heavy chains (MYHs) were cloned from the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.), MYH emb1 ,MYH emb2 and MYH emb3 . (biologists.com)
  • Whole mounts of rat EOMs stained with antibody specific to the embryonic MyHC isoform (green) or with antibody specific to the extraocular muscle MyHC isoform (EO-MyHC) at specific days postpartum. (upenn.edu)
  • These heterokaryons synthesize the light chain of chick myosin and both embryonic and adult light chains of rat skeletal myosin. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Kavinsky CJ, Umeda PK, Sinha AM, Elzinga M, Tong SW, Zak R, Jakovcic S, Rabinowitz M. Cloned mRNA sequences for two types of embryonic myosin heavy chains from chick skeletal muscle. (rush.edu)
  • For example, many myofilament, cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins have unique expression patterns in developing and adult EOMs, including the sustained expression of embryonic and fetal myosin isoforms (MyHC), the presence of a unique EOM-specific MyHC, and co-expression of cardiac and skeletal muscle isoforms of thick and thin filament accessory proteins. (uky.edu)
  • The mouse blastocyst-derived embryonic stem cell (ES cell) line BLC6 efficiently differentiates into myosin heavy chain-, desmin- and myogenin- positive skeletal muscle cells when cultivated in embryo-like aggregates (embryoid bodies). (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Normalizing for skeletal muscle MHC content and isoform expression predicts myooid forces of ~6-18% of control adult skeletal muscles. (josam.org)
  • A novel method to measure glucose uptake and myosin heavy chain isoform expression of single fibers from rat skeletal muscle. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the separate and combined effects of clenbuterol (CB) administration and interval training on running performance and myosin light-chain (MLC) isoform expression in mouse skeletal muscle. (mirrormobilia.com)
  • The findings shed new light on mechanisms of regeneration of healthy myofibers after severe tissue injury and suggest interplay between these fibers and muscle satellite cells though mechanisms remain to be elucidated. (elifesciences.org)
  • The delayed rectifier potassium conductance in the sarcolemma and the transverse tubular system membranes of mammalian skeletal muscle fibers. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Fiber type-specific differences in glucose uptake by single fibers from skeletal muscles of 9- and 25-month-old rats. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
  • Myosin-3 is a part of muscle fibers in the fetus before birth, and the protein is important for normal development of the muscles. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Notably, a given muscles fiber-type composition is not static, but instead, fiber-type composition is remarkably adaptable (fastàslow-twitch fibers or slowàfast-twitch fibers) to a broad spectrum of stimuli that include altered weight-bearing (increase load bearing, zero gravity), endocrine factors, altitude, endurance & resistance training, and diet (high fat vs high carbohydrate). (missouri.edu)
  • Our current studies are designed to identify potential signaling pathways connecting increased TEAD-1 expression in skeletal muscle to activation of genes encoding proteins typically restricted to slow-twitch fibers, as well as satellite cell numbers that exceed homeostatic numbers associated with slow-fibers. (missouri.edu)
  • We demonstrated that a nonmuscle myosin (nmMyH liB) is present in the sarcomeric A band of putative tonic EOM fibers. (uky.edu)
  • Although small amounts of nmMyH liB are found in the Z-line of cardiac and skeletal muscles, its unique distribution within the A band in EOM tonic fibers is further evidence of the complexity and unconventional developmental program of the eye muscles. (uky.edu)
  • Specifically, genes associated with energy metabolism, cell proliferation, muscle myosin isoforms, as well as immune functions were found to be altered. (figshare.com)
  • Finally, Prdm16-deficient brown fat displays an abnormal morphology, reduced thermogenic gene expression and elevated expression of muscle-specific genes. (bioseek.eu)
  • Of the eleven sarcomeric isoform genes of MHC, four are known to be expressed in adult skeletal muscle: one "slow-twitch" (Type I) muscle-associated MHC isoform and three "fast-twitch" (Types IIA, IIX and IIB) muscle-associated isoforms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • May play a role in myocyte differentiation and survival by regulating the integrity of the nuclear envelope and the expression of muscle-specific genes. (nih.gov)
  • We believe that this set of tools can be used to efficiently misexpress genes at different time points of myogenic cell differentiation and analyse the consequences for muscle development. (biologists.com)
  • The scientific presentations emphasized developmental processes, encompassing such areas as: 1) the role of homeobox genes and growth factors in inner ear development and plasticity, 2) effects of altered gravitational loading on the development of the inner ear gravity receptor, 3) effects of altered gravitational loading on developing and mature neuromuscular systems and 4) molecular mechanisms that determine muscle fiber diversity and hypertrophic responses. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, such studies could facilitate targeted expression of potentially therapeutic genes to the vestibular system epithelium. (nih.gov)
  • Here we reveal the expression patterns of the two MyoD genes in Oreochromis ( Alcolapia) alcalica using in situ hybridisation. (mdpi.com)
  • The expression of sarcomeric muscle-specific contractile protein genes in BC3H1 cells: BC3H1 cells resemble skeletal myoblasts that are defective for commitment to terminal differentiation. (silverchair.com)
  • To provide further information about the contractile protein phenotype of BC3H1 and to gain additional insights into the possible tissue of origin of these cells, we have examined the expression of a battery of contractile protein genes. (silverchair.com)
  • Here, we show that the muscle-specific determination genes myf5. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Changes in the expression (mRNA) of several genes of interest were measured by real-time PCR. (cdc.gov)
  • The control of gene expression during terminal myogenesis was explored in heterokaryons between differentiated and undifferentiated myogenic cells by analyzing the formation of species specific myosin light chains of chick and rat skeletal muscle. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Control homokaryons formed by fusing undifferentiated cells to themselves did not synthesize skeletal myosin light chains. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Control heterokaryons formed between undifferentiated rat myoblasts and chick fibroblasts also failed to synthesize myosin light chains. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These results indicate that differentiated chick muscle cells provide some factor that induces L6 myoblasts to synthesize rat myosin light chains. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Wright, WE 1981, ' Synthesis of rat myosin light chains in heterokaryons formed between undifferentiated rat myoblasts and chick skeletal myocytes ', Journal of Cell Biology , vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 11-16. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Myosins generally consist of heavy chains which are involved in locomotion, and light chains which are involved in regulation. (rush.edu)
  • Kavinsky CJ, Umeda PK, Levin JE, Sinha AM, Nigro JM, Jakovcic S, Rabinowitz M. Analysis of cloned mRNA sequences encoding subfragment 2 and part of subfragment 1 of alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chains of rabbit heart. (rush.edu)
  • Sinha AM, Umeda PK, Kavinsky CJ, Rajamanickam C, Hsu HJ, Jakovcic S, Rabinowitz M. Molecular cloning of mRNA sequences for cardiac alpha- and beta-form myosin heavy chains: expression in ventricles of normal, hypothyroid, and thyrotoxic rabbits. (rush.edu)
  • During rapid growth, subconfluent BC3H1 cells express the nonmuscle isoform of alpha-tropomyosin (alpha-Tm) and the nonsarcomeric isoforms of myosin heavy and light chains (MHCs and MLCs, respectively), but do not express troponin T(TnT). (silverchair.com)
  • Myosin is a hexamer composed of two myosin heavy chains, two regulatory light chains (RLCs), and two essential light chains (ELCs) ( Figure 1A ). (elifesciences.org)
  • The light chains bind to the central neck domain of the myosin heavy chain and have structural and regulatory functions ( Heissler and Sellers, 2014 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • The C-terminal tail of the myosin heavy chain associates with the tails of other myosin heavy chains and promotes the assembly into bipolar filaments. (elifesciences.org)
  • The top panel shows the myosin hexamer composed of two myosin heavy chains (green), two ELCs (light blue) and two RLCs (gray). (elifesciences.org)
  • May be a homodimer, which associates with multiple calmodulin or myosin light chains. (lu.se)
  • Because of the decreased proliferation potential [9] and lower absolute number of satellite cells in muscles from the aged rats compared with adult rats [1,10,11] , one may hypothesize that the aged rats would not yield enough myoblasts to produce myooids in culture. (josam.org)
  • We also demonstrate that the transcriptional regulator PRDM16 (PRD1-BF1-RIZ1 homologous domain containing 16) controls a bidirectional cell fate switch between skeletal myoblasts and brown fat cells. (bioseek.eu)
  • Conversely, ectopic expression of PRDM16 in myoblasts induces their differentiation into brown fat cells. (bioseek.eu)
  • The p57MRE/βactin promoter, which drives expression in differentiated myoblasts, targeted mononucleated (myosin-) cells and muscle fibres (myosin+). (biologists.com)
  • Traditional definitions of sarcopenia focused on the size of human skeletal muscle. (jnsci.org)
  • 2002). Divergence in species and regulatory role of beta -myosin heavy chain proximal promoter muscle-CAT elements. (missouri.edu)
  • 2001). Multiprotein complex formation at the beta myosin heavy chain distal muscle CAT element correlates with slow muscle expression but not mechanical overload responsiveness. (missouri.edu)
  • Loss of PRDM16 from brown fat precursors causes a loss of brown fat characteristics and promotes muscle differentiation. (bioseek.eu)
  • Therefore, we designed a set of stable bicistronic vectors containing different promoters to target muscle cells at different stages of differentiation. (biologists.com)
  • After performing limb somite electroporation using these vectors, we observed a simultaneous cellular expression of Tomato (membrane) and GFP (nuclei) at the different stages of muscle differentiation. (biologists.com)
  • These results suggest that BC3H1 is a skeletal muscle cell line of ectodermal origin that is defective for commitment to terminal differentiation. (silverchair.com)
  • END-2 cells essentially prevent skeletal muscle differentiation, whereas basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, and WEHI-3 cells have no or an attenuating effect, respectively. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • SFK inhibition also induced muscle differentiation in RMS cells by affecting the NOTCH3 receptor-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) axis, which regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α dampens Notch signaling and canonical NF-κB pathway in skeletal muscle of adult mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • Functional three-dimensional skeletal muscle constructs (myooids) were engineered from myogenic cells harvested from the muscles of adult and aged rats. (josam.org)
  • Adult and aged rat myooids had only ~35-60% of the skeletal muscle MHC content of control skeletal muscle from rats, the remaining MHC content consisting of isoforms found in cultured fibroblasts but not in control skeletal muscle. (josam.org)
  • In addition, myooids expressed only developmental isoforms of skeletal muscle MHC, known to generate less specific force than adult isoforms. (josam.org)
  • Myooids from aged rats generated greater normalized force than myooids from adult rats, but only 1-3% of that for adult skeletal muscle controls. (josam.org)
  • One of the great advantages of tissue engineering of skeletal muscle is that adult skeletal muscle contains many myogenic precursor stem cells, termed "satellite cells", which are involved in the repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle throughout the lifespan. (josam.org)
  • Satellite cells are in general easy to isolate from explanted skeletal muscle, and presumably muscle biopsies from an adult mammal would provide an ample supply of cells committed to the myogenic developmental pathway to facilitate the in vitro engineering of functional skeletal muscle. (josam.org)
  • The myooids generated specific forces of ~0.1-3% of skeletal muscle from control adult rats. (josam.org)
  • The purpose of the current study was to compare the excitability and contractility of myooids engineered from skeletal muscles of 32-month-old rats with that of myooids engineered from adult rat tissue. (josam.org)
  • The purpose of this study was to characterise the multigenic structure of the sarcomeric MHC family in the guinea pig, and to design and validate specific oligonucleotide primers to enable the assessment of the predominant adult-muscle associated MHC mRNAs in relevant disease models. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Satellite cells are considered adult skeletal muscle stem cells that are responsible for the majority of post-birth skeletal muscle growth (maturation and hypertrophy) and adult skeletal muscle homeostasis. (missouri.edu)
  • Using a conditional and temporally regulated Cre strategy as well as Mapk1 (ERK2) and Mapk3 (ERK1) genetically targeted mice, MEK1-ERK2 signaling was shown to underlie this fast-to-slow fiber type switching in adult skeletal muscle as well as during development. (lsu.edu)
  • We hypothesize that the remaining force deficit is due to cellular and sub-cellular disorganization-Myooids lack the density and organization of sarcomeric arrays seen in skeletal muscle. (josam.org)
  • However, when BC3H1 cells differentiate in response to incubation in serum-deprived medium or upon approaching confluence, they express TnT as well as sarcomeric muscle isoforms of MHC, MLC 2 and 3, alpha-Tm, and alpha-actin. (silverchair.com)
  • We observed several interesting gene expression changes in the elderly, many of which have not been reported before. (figshare.com)
  • Also, the study will look at whether there are gene expression profiles in the tumor tissue that can predict pathologic complete response. (stanford.edu)
  • an effect which may be explained by an increased expression of adipose tissue lipolysis-related gene expression patterns following chronic supplementation [ 12 ], an increase in protein-induced thermogenesis (reviewed in [ 15 ]), and/or a consistent reduction in food intake given its satiety-stimulatory effects as discussed above. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TEA domain-1 (TEAD1) transcription factor participates in both slow oxidative fiber type gene expression and plays a role in satellite cell biology. (missouri.edu)
  • Effects of stretch-shortening cycle-induced muscle injury on gene expression. (cdc.gov)
  • Investigation of gene expression due to contraction-induced injury would be beneficial in elucidating the mechanisms involved in skeletal muscle response and repair. (cdc.gov)
  • PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of stretch-shortening cycle ROM (range of motion) on gene expression in rats. (cdc.gov)
  • CONCLUSION: Stretch-shortening cycles increased gene expression of MGF but not IGF-1 in this model over time, and also resulted in elevated levels as compared to isometrically exercised controls. (cdc.gov)
  • Gene expression profiling in DQA1*0501+ children with untreated dermatomyositis: a novel model of pathogenesis. (medscape.com)
  • Results We investigated the alteration of genome-wide transcription in mouse skeletal muscle tissue (rectus femoris muscle) during aging using a high-throughput sequencing technique. (figshare.com)
  • We conclude that KV3.4 expression in mouse skeletal muscle is regulated by the pattern of excitation. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Vullhorst D, Klocke R, Bartsch JW, Jockusch H. Expression of the potassium channel KV3.4 in mouse skeletal muscle parallels fiber type maturation and depends on excitation pattern. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • PPARβ/δOverexpression Increase PGC-1αProtein through the Decreased PGC-1α Ubiquitination in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. (ksep-es.org)
  • The publication of these specific oligonucleotide primers for the guinea pig MHC variants will enable researchers to rapidly and accurately quantify acute changes in MHC mRNA expression in either developmental or in guinea pig disease models where a marker of altered skeletal muscle function is required. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Higher amounts of whey versus egg protein stimulate the greatest post-treatment anabolic skeletal muscle response, though test proteins with higher amounts of WPH more favorably affected post-treatment markers related to adipose tissue lipolysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To examine gender-dimorphic regulation of skeletal muscle proteins between healthy control and STZ-induced diabetic rats of both genders, we performed differential proteome analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry. (karger.com)
  • Proteomic analysis of skeletal muscle identified a total of 21 proteins showing gender-dimorphic differential expression patterns between healthy controls and diabetic rats. (karger.com)
  • Most interestingly, gender-specific proteome comparison showed that male and female rats displayed differential regulation of proteins involved in muscle contraction, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism, as well as oxidative phosphorylation and cellular stress. (karger.com)
  • These results suggest that EPA induces an attenuation of the up-regulation of proteasome expression in cachectic mice, and this was correlated with an increase in myosin expression, confirming retention of contractile proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Thus EPA antagonizes loss of skeletal muscle proteins in cancer cachexia by down-regulation of proteasome expression, and this may also be the mechanism for inhibition of tumor growth. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The BC3H1 cell line has been used widely as a model for studying regulation of muscle-related proteins, such as the acetylcholine receptor, myokinase, creatine kinase, and actin. (silverchair.com)
  • These cells, derived from a nitrosourea-induced mouse brain neoplasm, have some of the morphological characteristics of smooth muscle and have been shown to express the vascular smooth muscle isoform of alpha-actin. (silverchair.com)
  • Although, the non-muscle myosin II holoenzyme (myosin) is a molecular motor that powers contraction of actin cytoskeleton networks, recent studies have questioned the importance of myosin motor activity cell and tissue shape changes. (elifesciences.org)
  • The motor domain at the N-terminus of the myosin heavy chain binds actin filaments in an ATP-dependent manner. (elifesciences.org)
  • Work done using smooth muscle myosin and mammalian non-muscle myosin have demonstrated that phosphorylation of the RLC at conserved Serine and Threonine sites ( Figure 1B , Serine-19 and Threonine-18) activates myosin motor activity, enhances the affinity of myosin for actin, and promotes myosin filament assembly ( Heissler and Sellers, 2016 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • The bipolar myosin filaments promote the sliding of antiparallel actin filaments relative to one another resulting in contraction of an actin network. (elifesciences.org)
  • Three types of troponins exist-troponin I, troponin T, and troponin C. Each subunit has a unique function: Troponin T binds the troponin components to tropomyosin, troponin I inhibits the interaction of myosin with actin, and troponin C contains the binding sites for Ca 2+ that helps initiate contraction. (medscape.com)
  • Severe burn injury induces skeletal muscle regeneration and myonuclear apoptosis. (utmb.edu)
  • ERK1/2 signaling induces skeletal muscle slow fiber-type switching and" by Justin G. Boyer, Vikram Prasad et al. (lsu.edu)
  • Another potential agent is clenbuterol, which is a synthetic analogue of epinephrine, not a steroid, thus lacking sex specificity and known to induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy selectively in a variety of animal species, with minimal ad-verse effects. (mirrormobilia.com)
  • Control of contractile protein synthesis in the extraocular muscles: Although oculomotor disorders such as strabismus or nystagmus can have marked, deleterious effects on the development of vision, little is known about the final common pathway of oculomotor control: the extraocular muscles (EOMs). (upenn.edu)
  • We examined the acute effects of different dietary protein sources (0.19 g, dissolved in 1 ml of water) on skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and hypothalamic satiety-related markers in fasted, male Wistar rats (~250 g). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several chronic conditions leading to skeletal muscle dysfunction are known to be associated with changes in the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms at both the mRNA and protein level. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MHC composition is amenable to determination by protein and mRNA based methodologies, the latter quantifying the expression of MHC isoform-specific gene transcripts allowing the detection of earlier, and more subtle changes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The current proteomic study revealed that impaired protein regulation was more prominent in the muscle tissue of female diabetic rats, which were more susceptible to STZ-induced diabetes. (karger.com)
  • Non-receptor serine/threonine protein kinase which is necessary for the maintenance of skeletal muscle structure and function. (nih.gov)
  • Cancer cachexia is characterized by selective depletion of skeletal muscle protein reserves. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Soleus muscles from mice bearing a cachexia-inducing tumor (MAC16) showed an increased protein degradation in vitro , as measured by tyrosine release, when compared with muscles from nontumor-bearing animals. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Treatment of mice bearing the MAC16 tumor with the polyunsaturated fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), attenuated loss of body weight and significantly suppressed protein catabolism in soleus muscles through an inhibition of an ATP-dependent proteolytic pathway. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Cancer patients with cachexia show a specific depletion of their skeletal muscle mass, whereas the visceral protein compartment remains unchanged (1) . (aacrjournals.org)
  • This loss of muscle protein forms part of the syndrome of cancer cachexia, which results in the loss of function of the cancer patient and eventually death from hypostatic pneumonia, attributable to the loss of respiratory function. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Muscle fractional protein synthetic rate was measured over the whole period by deuterium incorporation into the protein pool and muscle thickness by ultrasound. (artinis.com)
  • At the end of the training protocol, the strength gain was higher in the hypoxic vs the normoxic group despite no changes in muscle thickness and in the fractional protein synthetic rate. (artinis.com)
  • The MYH3 gene provides instructions for making a protein called myosin-3. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The genetic changes are thought to disrupt the function of the myosin-3 protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Myostatin binding to type IIB activin receptor (ActRIIB) on muscle surface induces the recruitment and activation of activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5), and eventually leads to forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a)-dependent transcription to promote muscle protein breakdown via the ubiquitin-proteasome system ( 23 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, induction of MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling increased dystrophin and utrophin protein expression in a mouse model of limb-girdle muscle dystrophy and protected myofibers from damage. (lsu.edu)
  • In several instances, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and myocarditis, the autoimmune disease can be induced experimentally by administering self-antigen in the presence of adjuvant (collagen, myelin basic protein, and cardiac myosin, respectively) ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Troponins are protein molecules that are part of cardiac and skeletal muscle. (medscape.com)
  • Abstract Background Aging leads to decreased skeletal muscle function in mammals and is associated with a progressive loss of muscle mass, quality and strength. (figshare.com)
  • In summary, sustained MEK1-ERK1/2 activity in skeletal muscle produces a fast-to-slow fiber-type switch that protects from muscular dystrophy, suggesting a therapeutic approach to enhance the metabolic effectiveness of muscle and protect from dystrophic disease. (lsu.edu)
  • No effects were found on myosin heavy chain expression, markers of oxidative metabolism and lactate transport in the skeletal muscle. (artinis.com)
  • Using mouse genetics, we observed that the muscle-specific expression of a constitutively active MEK1 mutant promotes greater ERK1/2 signaling that mediates fiber-type switching to a slow, oxidative phenotype with type I myosin heavy chain expression. (lsu.edu)
  • Cachexia has two well-known features: weight loss (mainly due to loss of skeletal muscle and body fat) and inflammation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • However, due to incomplete genomic annotation, assessment of guinea pig MHC mRNA expression has not been previously possible, precluding the full characterisation of early changes in skeletal muscle in response to disease and disease modulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A variety of changes in skeletal muscle occur with aging. (jnsci.org)
  • Skeletal muscle is an inherently heterogenous tissue comprised primarily of myofibers, which are historically classified into three distinct fiber types in humans: one "slow" (type 1) and two "fast" (type 2A and type 2X), delineated by the expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms (MYHs). (researchgate.net)
  • The use of a muscle creatine kinase germline knockout of the gene encoding Ire1/Ern1 shifts the focus from traditional studies of tissue repair toward the regenerating myofibers. (elifesciences.org)
  • Skeletal muscle, the most abundant tissue of the body, has remarkable regenerative capacity mainly due to its resident muscle stem cells, also known as satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Prior to tissue engineering of functional skeletal muscle from satellite cells harvested from aged mammals, two key questions must be addressed. (josam.org)
  • To study the capacity of satellite cells to form into functional skeletal muscle tissue de novo in culture, we have developed several in vitro tissue models. (josam.org)
  • The methods developed here are suitable for the characterisation of muscle MHC expression at the molecular level from animal tissue samples and biopsy material. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lateral plate electroporation with the vector containing the CMV/βactin promoter allowed Tomato and GFP co-expression in cartilage, tendons and connective tissue of the limbs, but never in myogenic (Pax7+ or myosin+) cells. (biologists.com)
  • Activation of myostatin signaling in muscle tissue has been demonstrated to be critical to enhancing muscle catabolism, which causes muscle wasting in cancer cachexia ( 22 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The defect in the myosin motor activity in these mutants is evident in developing Drosophila embryos where tissue recoil following laser ablation is decreased compared to wild-type tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • Overall, our data highlights that myosin activity is required for rapid cell contraction and tissue folding in developing Drosophila embryos. (elifesciences.org)
  • Additionally, each gene may have other tissue expression, which can result in non-muscle symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • May also phosphorylate PPP1R12A and inhibit the myosin phosphatase activity to regulate myosin phosphorylation. (nih.gov)
  • However, it has not been biochemically demonstrated that Drosophila myosin motor activity and filament assembly is regulated by RLC phosphorylation or whether the extent of activation is similar to that of mammalian systems. (elifesciences.org)
  • Skeletal muscle constitutes 40% of the body's mass and is designed to generate force for locomotor activity, postural maintenance, and plays an important role in the regulation of systemic energy balance. (missouri.edu)
  • A second area if interest is how initial satellite cell number is determined during skeletal muscle formation (myogenesis). (missouri.edu)
  • RESULTS: No significant differences were found with respect to collagen-III, IL-1[beta], neonatal myosin, desmin, or IGF-1, whereas significant differences were found with MGF (muscle growth factor). (cdc.gov)
  • Skeletal muscle regeneration is regulated by coordinated activation of multiple signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, the role of individual arms of the UPR in skeletal muscle regeneration remain less understood. (elifesciences.org)
  • Myofiber-specific ablation of IRE1α or XBP1 in mice diminishes skeletal muscle regeneration that is accompanied with reduced number of satellite cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Finally, targeted ablation of IRE1α also reduces Notch signaling, abundance of satellite cells, and skeletal muscle regeneration in the mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (elifesciences.org)
  • Collectively, our experiments suggest that the IRE1α-mediated signaling promotes muscle regeneration through augmenting the proliferation of satellite cells in a cell non-autonomous manner. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, the mechanisms of muscle regeneration are not yet fully understood. (elifesciences.org)
  • Satellite cell content, activation and apoptosis were determined via immunohistochemistry, as were muscle fibre regeneration and myonuclear apoptosis. (utmb.edu)
  • The ATP-ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway is considered to play a major role in muscle catabolism in cachexia, and functional proteasome activity, as determined by "chymotrypsin-like" enzyme activity, was significantly elevated in gastrocnemius muscle of mice bearing the MAC16 tumor as weight loss progressed. (aacrjournals.org)
  • When animals bearing the MAC16 tumor were treated with EPA, functional proteasome activity was completely suppressed, together with attenuation of the expression of 20S proteasome α-subunits and the p42 regulator, whereas there was no effect on the expression of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2 14k ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • The myocytes also express functional nicotinic cholinoceptors and exhibit T-type Ca 2+ currents and later L-type Ca 2+ currents, demonstrating physiological properties of skeletal muscle cells. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Supportive care is essential to preserve muscle function, maximize functional ability, and prolong life expectancy. (medscape.com)
  • Analysis revealed significant transcriptional changes between skeletal muscles of mice at 3 (young group) and 24 (old group) months of age. (figshare.com)
  • In the present study, we demonstrate that IRE1α (also known as ERN1) and its downstream target, XBP1, are activated in skeletal muscle of mice upon injury. (elifesciences.org)
  • Targeted deletion of Kcne3 impairs skeletal muscle function in mice. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • Diversification of intrinsic motoneuron electrical properties during normal development and botulinum toxin-induced muscle paralysis in early postnatal mice. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • The amounts of muscle loss differed between the ECC and LCC mice. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Moreover, the expression of some molecules was altered in the muscles from the LCC mice but not in those from the ECC mice compared with their CN mice. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In conclusion, the molecules with altered expression in the muscles from the ECC and LCC mice were not exactly the same. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Myostatin, which functions specifically as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth, is present at a higher level in serum of cancer cachectic mice than in those of normal healthy mice ( 19 - 21 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Physiologic assessment of these activated MEK1-ERK1/2 mice showed enhanced metabolic activity and oxygen consumption with greater muscle fatigue resistance. (lsu.edu)
  • This gene encodes a member of the myosin superfamily. (nih.gov)
  • The superfamily of myosins is organized into structural classes based upon the type and arrangement of the subunits they contain. (rush.edu)
  • APPL1 promotes glucose uptake in response to mechanical stretch via the PKCζ-non-muscle myosin IIa pathway in C2C12 myotubes. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
  • Unconventional myosins contain the basic domains characteristic of conventional myosins and are further distinguished from class members by their tail domains. (nih.gov)
  • 2009). IGF-I activates the mouse type IIb myosin heavy chain gene. (missouri.edu)
  • A major interest of my lab is to better understand the mechanism(s) by which skeletal muscle fiber type composition is regulated. (missouri.edu)
  • We set forth evidence that skeletal muscle deficits arise from changes within the muscle, including reduced fiber size, decreased satellite cell and fiber numbers, and decreased expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform IIa. (jnsci.org)
  • Myooids were activated by transverse electrical fields in a manner similar to that used to activate whole skeletal muscles in vitro during standard physiological measures of muscle function [8] . (josam.org)
  • Our results suggest that ES cells recapitulate closely the early steps of muscle development in vivo and may serve as an excellent in vitro system to study this process. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • The rational for the different myosin fragments lies in the different biochemical properties: Full-length myosin forms filaments, sediments at high speed and can be used in the in vitro motility assay. (elifesciences.org)
  • Age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia) is an important health problem associated with the aged population. (figshare.com)
  • Sarcopenia is the age-associated loss of muscle mass and is one of the main contributors to musculoskeletal impairments in the elderly. (jnsci.org)
  • Because of their utilisation in the in vivo modelling of disease, there is a requirement to develop molecular methods that accurately differentiate the different MHC mRNAs in the guinea pig to enable rapid profiling of muscle composition in appropriate disease models. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many researchers worldwide have attempted to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying muscle wasting using the two models ( 5 - 16 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Limited muscle and limb movement during development likely result in stiffening of the muscles and surrounding tissues, causing the contractures that lead to the characteristic "whistling face" appearance and hand, foot, and spine deformities. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy refers to a group of genetic disorders that cause progressive weakness and wasting of the skeletal muscles, predominantly around the shoulders and hips. (medscape.com)
  • Muscle biopsy and genetic testing are the most important tools used in the diagnostic evaluation of patients in whom limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is suspected. (medscape.com)
  • This property is primarily attributable to satellite cells which comprise a small population of quiescent mono-nucleated cells which first appear during late fetal life, and which reside between the basal lamina and the surface (sarcolemma) of mature skeletal muscle cells. (missouri.edu)
  • An initial small elevation occurs when troponins are released from the cytosolic pool, when troponin molecules in the cytosol of cardiac muscle diffuse across the sarcolemma into the surrounding lymphatics and blood vessels, becoming detectable in blood. (medscape.com)
  • In electroporated limbs, the ubiquitously expressed CMV/βactin promoter targeted both muscle progenitors (Pax7+ cells) and differentiated cells (myosin+ cells). (biologists.com)
  • Finally, the MLC (myosin light chain) promoter targeted differentiated cells (myosin+). (biologists.com)
  • The slow-type MHC skeletal muscle (Type 1 or MyH7β) and cardiac (MyHα) isoforms are located independently from the other striated muscle associated isoforms on chromosome 14 in both species [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The activity of skeletal muscle stem cells, satellite cells, acutely following a severe burn is unknown and may contribute to the recovery of lean muscle. (utmb.edu)
  • On the other hand, despite the atrophy and reduced myogenic potential of the EDL muscles in old rats, when an EDL muscle is cross-age transplanted from an old donor rat into a young host rat, the muscle regenerates as much mass and has as high a capacity for force development as a young muscle transplanted into a young host [4] . (josam.org)
  • METHODS: Testing was performed on dorsiflexor muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats in vivo. (cdc.gov)
  • Here we investigated ERK1/2 signaling in skeletal muscle homeostasis and disease. (lsu.edu)
  • Most patients present with a history of progressive, symmetric, proximal muscle weakness that starts in childhood to young adulthood. (medscape.com)