• Furthermore, monitoring QS signaling gene expression revealed that AHL synthases LasI/RhlI and QS transcriptional regulators LasR/RhlR genes were inhibited and antagonized, respectively, by cerPAC. (nature.com)
  • Inactivation of 10 of the 19 A. fumigatus genes caused defects in virulence. (frontiersin.org)
  • All of the virulence-associated genes are transcriptionally upregulated during iron starvation and encode functions that are important for survival during iron starvation, which emphasizes the crucial role of adaptation to iron starvation in virulence. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this work, we have studied the transcription of the virulence regulatory genes virB, virF, and hns (virR) in wild-type enteroinvasive E, coli HN280 and in its pINV-integrated derivative HN280/32. (uniroma3.it)
  • This leads us to speculate that, in enteroinvasive bacteria, the level of VirF inside the cell controls the temperature-regulated expression of invasion genes. (uniroma3.it)
  • In addition to known iron source utilization genes, we identified a previously uncharacterized iron-repressed cytoplasmic membrane transporter system, fbpABC, that is required for the utilization of multiple structurally distinct siderophores including alcaligin, enterobactin, ferrichrome, and desferrioxamine B. Expression of type III secretion system genes was also found to be upregulated during iron starvation in both B. pertussis strain Tohama I and Bordetella bronchiseptica strain RB50. (umn.edu)
  • These results indicate that iron starvation in the infected host is an important environmental cue influencing not only Bordetella iron transport gene expression but also the expression of other important virulence-associated genes. (umn.edu)
  • In addition, increased ParB level brings about repression or activation of numerous genes including several transcriptional regulators involved in SOS response, virulence and adaptation. (waw.pl)
  • The Ti plasmid contains virulence genes (vir), which code for the protein machinery required for transfer and integration of disease causing genes into the host plants genome. (igem.org)
  • Compared to bacteria that remained on earth, the space-traveling Salmonella had changed expression of 167 genes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Streptococcal pathogens continue to evade concerted efforts to decipher clear-cut virulence mechanisms, although numerous genes have been implicated in pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • Gene-expression patterns used to differentiate four type cause heart damage, and markable finding that genes cur- types of SRBCT. (lu.se)
  • By monitoring microbial gene expression, one can predict the functions of uncharacterized genes, probe the physiologic adaptations made under various environmental conditions, identify virulence-associated genes, and test the effects of drugs. (medscape.com)
  • By understanding the molecular details of this interaction, we can identify virulence-associated microbial genes and host-defense strategies and characterize the cues to which they respond and mechanisms by which they are regulated. (medscape.com)
  • Bacteria have evolved multiple strategies for causing infections that include producing virulence factors, undertaking motility, developing biofilms and invading host cells. (nature.com)
  • Over the last decade, research on antimicrobials has shifted towards an alternative approach to combat pathogens using anti-infective drugs that selectively interrupt virulence pathways to help prevent or cure bacterial infections. (nature.com)
  • However, the underlying mechanisms are not understood and a possible role for prophages in driving virulence of coral pathogens, as is the case for V. cholerae , has not yet been considered. (nature.com)
  • These structures are critical for the virulence of many pathogens and represent one major way that bacteria share DNA with one another, which contributes to the spread of antibiotic resistance. (biorxiv.org)
  • These studies provide a basis for pursuing the molecular analysis of the epidemiology and virulence of pathogenic H. influenzae. (jci.org)
  • N -acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum sensing (QS) tightly regulates the expression of multiple virulence factors in the opportunistic pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa . (nature.com)
  • Sugar-specific induction of virulence factors suggests a mechanistic link for the switch from a commensal to a pathogenic lifestyle, particularly relevant during increased algal cover and human-derived pollution on coral reefs. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • We currently focus on three protein targets involved in difference aspects of virulence expression in pathogenic bacteria. (luc.edu)
  • To test whether OmpP4 was necessary for virulence in humans, eight healthy adults were experimentally infected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By measuring the gene and protein patterns, the researchers could hone in on the key molecular players necessary for virulence from among thousands of potential candidates. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Low concentrations of certain antibiotics can affect the expression of bacterial virulence factors. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • It is concluded that several Bacillus species occurring occasionally in clinical specimens and food samples are of potential medical significance due to the expression of putative virulence factors. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Thus, our data unveiled PfHP1 not only as a master regulator of variegated expression of exported virulence factors, but also as a crucial factor in the regulation of sexual cell differentiation. (unibas.ch)
  • The gene expression level of virulence factors of S. mutans was detected by qRT- PCR . (bvsalud.org)
  • Virulence factors located on chromosomal pathogenicity islands also exist in some strains of V. coralliilyticus . (nature.com)
  • These enzymes are considered emerging virulence factors during infection because the host glycan changes. (researchgate.net)
  • Deciphering the role of transcription factors in the virulence factor expression in Toxoplasma gondii . (pasteur-lille.fr)
  • Here, live respiratory epithelial cells were inoculated with broth-grown or biofilm bacteria of different M-types, as well as with isogenic mutants lacking common virulence factors. (lu.se)
  • Putative virulence factor expression by clinical and food isolates of Bacillus spp. (strath.ac.uk)
  • The aim of the study was to evaluate the protein similarity degree among 15 C. albicans isolates with different virulence obtained from healthy and infected human and animals. (scialert.net)
  • Regarding to the virulence and host aspects, the means S D of high virulent and low virulent isolates as well as human and animal isolates were 85.8 and 85.6% in PAGE, respectively. (scialert.net)
  • Such results suggest a highly protein similarity degree among the most isolates with low and high virulence as well as from human and animal hosts. (scialert.net)
  • In this study, we described the use of SDS-PAGE, along with PAGE techniques, to analyze the similarity of the protein profiles of the cytoplasmic extracts and cell walls of different C. albicans isolates obtained from different host conditions (human against animal isolates and patient against healthy subject isolates) with various virulence degrees. (scialert.net)
  • The purpose of this study was to develop a robust, standardized method for comparative expression profiling and molecular characterization of Leishmania donovani clinical isolates. (cambridge.org)
  • Intracellular amastigote protocols need further refinement, but we describe a first generation tool for high-throughput comparative molecular characterization of patients' isolates, based on the changing expression profiles of promastigotes during in vitro differentiation. (cambridge.org)
  • Infection with highly virulent CSFV isolates generally leads to death of infected animals, whereas isolates of moderate to low virulence induce a chronic disease. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Bacterial type IV pili are critical for diverse biological processes including horizontal gene transfer, surface sensing, biofilm formation, adherence, motility, and virulence. (biorxiv.org)
  • Type IV pili are ubiquitous surface appendages in Gram-negative bacteria that promote diverse activities including attachment, virulence, biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer, and twitching motility [ 1 - 5 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • In this study, we determined that changes in the nasopharyngeal environment result in the release of bacteria from colonizing biofilms with a gene expression and virulence phenotype different not only from that of colonizing biofilm bacteria but also from that of the broth-grown planktonic bacteria commonly used for pathogenesis studies. (lu.se)
  • This indicates that VirF cannot activate virB transcription when pINV is integrated, and this lack of expression accounts for the noninvasive phenotype of HN280/32. (uniroma3.it)
  • Upon detection of environmental alterations, bacteria adjust their gene expression in order to obtain a phenotype that is suitable for the environment to which they are exposed ( Federle, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Consistently, production of both extra and intracellular siderophores is crucial for virulence of A. fumigatus . (frontiersin.org)
  • The limitations and possibilities associated with expression profiling in intracellular amastigotes and promastigotes were assessed through a series of comparative experiments in which technical and biological parameters were scrutinized. (cambridge.org)
  • On the biological level, we demonstrate that gene expression levels fluctuate during in vitro development of both intracellular amastigotes and promastigotes. (cambridge.org)
  • Moreover, the high expression of capsule and SLO inhibited cellular uptake and capsule expression was required for intracellular survival. (lu.se)
  • cerPAC reduced the production of QS-regulated virulence determinants and protected D. melanogaster from fatal infection by P. aeruginosa PA14. (nature.com)
  • In this study, we conducted ex situ incubations to assess gene expression of planktonic microbial populations under elevated concentrations of naturally abundant monosaccharides (glucose, galactose, mannose, and xylose) in algal exudates and sewage inflows. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • 70%) microbial genomes through metagenomic sequencing and determined associated expression patterns through metatranscriptomic sequencing. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • The presence of these genetic signatures indicates virulence in V. coralliilyticus is driven by prophages and other horizontally acquired elements. (nature.com)
  • Because tissues are composed of several cell-types and even cells within the same cell-type have been shown to display dramatic cell-to-cell variability in gene expression, bulk measurements obscure quantification of how genetic or epigenetic features directly influence the function of individual cells. (confex.com)
  • Cheryl Nickerson and lead author James Wilson, both professors in ASU's School of Life Sciences, have performed the first study of its kind to investigate the effect of space flight on the genetic responses and disease-causing potential, or virulence, of Salmonella typhimurium, the main bacterial culprit of food poisoning. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Their results, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, reveal a key role for a master regulator, called Hfq, in triggering the genetic changes that show an increase in the virulence of Salmonella as a result of spaceflight. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The article is titled "Castanea sativa (European Chestnut) Leaf Extracts Rich in Ursene and Oleanene Derivatives Block Staphylococcus aureus Virulence and Pathogenesis without Detectable Resistance. (bioquicknews.com)
  • His interests include Bordetella molecular pathogenesis and gene expression bioinformatics. (medscape.com)
  • This process of inducing virulence in an otherwise harmless bacterium through prophage infection and integration of the prophage genome into the bacterial host genome is called lysogenic conversion 8 . (nature.com)
  • These targets are critical for different biological functions but converge on virulence expression in persistent infections such as the lung infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. (luc.edu)
  • These dispersed bacteria have distinct phenotypic properties different from those of both biofilm and broth-grown, planktonic bacteria, with the dispersed population showing differential virulence gene expression characteristics resulting in a significantly increased ability to disseminate and cause infection of otherwise sterile sites, such as the middle ear, lungs, and bloodstream. (lu.se)
  • Similarly, by using host gene microarrays, one can explore host response at the level of gene expression and provide a molecular description of the events that follow infection. (medscape.com)
  • Replication may be categorized into immediate early, delayed early, and late gene expression based on time of synthesis after infection. (medscape.com)
  • These findings provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of action of a cerPAC to restrict the virulence of P. aeruginosa and can have implications in the development of alternative approaches to control infections. (nature.com)
  • OmpP4 may be dispensable for virulence because of redundant mechanisms in H. ducreyi for heme acquisition and NAD utilization. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further, while cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene expression has been shown to drive dramatic phenotypic variations, the upstream epigenetic mechanisms regulating this heterogeneity remain largely unknown 8 . (confex.com)
  • We found that TprA controls the expression of nine different operons on galactose and mannose. (frontiersin.org)
  • The effect of the introduction of plasmids carrying virB (pBN1) or virF (pHW745 and pMYSW6504), and of a Delta hns deletion, in the different strains was evaluated by measuring beta-galactosidase activity, virB transcription, and virB-regulated virulence phenotypes like synthesis of Ipa proteins, contact-mediated hemolysis, and capacity to invade HeLa cells. (uniroma3.it)
  • The introduction of pBN1 or of the Delta hns deletion in pINV-integrated strains induces temperature regulated expression or temperature-independent expression, respectively, of beta-galactosidase activity and of all virulence phenotypes, while an increase in virF gene dosage does not, in spite of a high-level induction of virB transcription. (uniroma3.it)
  • At 30 degrees C, the introduction of the high-copy-number plasmid pMYSH6504 (but not of the low copy-number pHW745) or of the Delta hns deletion induces, in strains harboring an autonomously replicating pINV, P-galactosidase activity, virB transcription, and expression of the virulence phenotypes, indicating that, as for HN280/32, the increase in virF gene dosage overcomes the negative regulatory effect of H-NS on virB transcription. (uniroma3.it)
  • From an engineering perspective, gene expression regulation can be viewed as the output of a network of complex chemical and physical processes, and understanding how these processes interact and integrate to govern cellular phenotypes has been a major focus of my graduate and postdoctoral research. (confex.com)
  • During my PhD thesis, I tackled chromosome end biology from three different angles to improve our understanding of how virulence gene expression is regulated and how genome integrity is preserved. (unibas.ch)
  • Here we analyse five whole genome sequences of V. coralliilyticus to examine whether virulence is similarly driven by horizontally acquired elements. (nature.com)
  • My graduate and postdoctoral research has focused on investigating how the genome and epigenome regulates the dynamics of gene expression in viral and mammalian systems 8 . (confex.com)
  • By swapping the oncogenes from the T-DNA region of the Ti plasmid with any plant gene expression cassette (containing a plant promoter, a gene of interest and a transcriptional terminator sequence), they were able to integrate their particular gene of interest into the host genome without causing the disease. (igem.org)
  • Critical to sub-classify SRBCTs, Khan et al .6 used to measure genome-wide gene expres- .com decisions in cancer therapeutics are to microarrays to monitor the expression sion for a variety of biological samples. (lu.se)
  • We have previously shown that integration of the virulence plasmid pINV into the chromosome of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli and of Shigella flexneri makes these strains noninvasive (C. Zagaglia, M. Casalino, B. Colonna, C. Conti, A. Calconi, and M. Nicoletti, Infect. (uniroma3.it)
  • This system, referred to as the binary transformation system, was composed of an Agrobacterium strain containing a Ti plasmid in which the T-DNA was deleted and a second plasmid, which carries the LB and RB sequences flanking two plant gene expression cassettes. (igem.org)
  • Transcriptional regulators enable the microbes to sense and respond to environmental stimuli, by altering gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
  • Several independent high-throughput methods for differential gene expression (including SAGE and differential display) may enable function annotation of sequenced genomes [ 2 ] . (medscape.com)
  • Unlike in other bacteria, inactivation of parB leads to major changes of the transcriptome, suggesting that, directly or indirectly, ParB plays a role in regulation of gene expression in this organism. (waw.pl)
  • Overall, a variety of approaches including protein engineering, inhibitor design and discovery of super agonistic ligands will be used to exploit the potential of reducing virulence, to bring about novel treatments that overcome antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and to improve the quality of life of patients who suffer from these life-long infections. (luc.edu)
  • After the flight, animal virulence studies showed that bacteria that were flown in space were almost three times as likely to cause disease when compared with control bacteria grown on the ground. (sciencedaily.com)
  • During the flight, astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper activated growth of the bacteria in sealed hardware and 'fixed' the cultures after a day of growth to determine changes in gene and protein expression levels. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Then they were grown for 24 hours, and at the end of 24 hours, Heide pushed down on the plunger again, which either "fixed" the bacteria with chemicals that preserved the gene expression message, or else introduced fresh media to keep the bacteria growing to perform the virulence studies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • After the bacteria returned to Earth, the group performed the first global analysis of Salmonella to measure the effect of space flight on gene and protein expression and virulence. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Deficiency in HapX, but not SreA, attenuates virulence of A. fumigatus in a murine model of aspergillosis, which underlines the crucial role of adaptation to iron limitation in virulence. (frontiersin.org)
  • These results indicate that expression of OmpP4 in not necessary for H. ducreyi to initiate disease or progress to pustule formation in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differential gene expression analysis revealed a shift in the central carbohydrate metabolism and the induction of metalloproteases, siderophores, and toxins in Alteromonas, Erythrobacter, Oceanicola, and Alcanivorax populations. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • Molecular cloning of DNA was used to investigate the expression of type b capsule and its association with H. influenzae virulence. (jci.org)
  • We chose to measure gene expression at the mRNA level since the technique to do this, called microarray analysis, is a highly advanced and convenient way to quantitatively measure the expression of every gene in a single experiment," said Wilson, who coordinated the team's molecular profiling efforts for the Nickerson lab, and played a central role in the performance of these experiments, including data analysis. (sciencedaily.com)
  • EU H2020 Project 'SCTRYPSEQ (Understanding the initiation virulence gene expression in African. (fabiodisconzi.com)
  • During my graduate studies, I used a systems biology approach to demonstrate that chromatin environments at different genomic loci decouple transcription factor mediated initiation of gene expression from subsequent gene activation 6 . (confex.com)
  • It is believed that this specialised environment at chromosome ends generates a structural framework for the epigenetic control of var gene expression. (unibas.ch)
  • ParB excess, which does not cause changes in growth rate and chromosome segregation, significantly alters the expression of 176 loci. (waw.pl)
  • In this study, we demonstrate an anti-virulence activity of a cranberry extract rich in proanthocyanidins (cerPAC) against P. aeruginosa in the model host Drosophila melanogaster and show this is mediated by QS interference. (nature.com)
  • Biofilm is an essential virulence factor and it is involved in the development of device-related infections and chronic infections of diverse tissues. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Our data revealed that TprA expression is modulated by a complex regulatory network, where the master regulators CcpA and GlnR are involved in a sugar dependent manner. (frontiersin.org)
  • Gene expression profiling is increasingly used in the field of infectious diseases for characterization of host, pathogen and the nature of their interaction. (cambridge.org)
  • Expression of pili encoded by the srtF and srtG pilus clusters was performed by Western blotting by using described antibodies directed against the major subunits of these structures ( 16 , 17 ). (cdc.gov)
  • firstly, they will provide the first high-resolution single-cell transcriptome of this pathogen, and they will constitute a significant advance in our understanding of gene expression and the acquisition of infectivity in African trypanosomes. (fabiodisconzi.com)
  • We chose to use expression-curves rather than single, specific, time-point measurements to capture this biological variation. (cambridge.org)
  • The high virulence of P. falciparum is mostly attributable to the expression of P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) on the surface of infected red blood cells. (unibas.ch)
  • Red not have the tumor-specific ex- with these dangerous drugs, rhab- represents relatively high expression level, whereas green pression pattern. (lu.se)
  • Here, we tested the hypothesis that, like its homolog, H. ducreyi OmpP4 contributes to virulence and stimulates production of bactericidal antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)