• RafK carries a C-terminal regulatory domain present in a subset of ATP-binding proteins that has been involved in both direct regulation of transporter activity (inducer exclusion) and transcription of transporter genes. (lu.se)
  • In this review, we assess the potential role of putative gut microbiota products in the etiopathogeny of Parkinson's disease, with a special emphasis on functional bacterial amyloid proteins, bacterial biosurfactants, endotoxins and short-chain fatty acids. (techscience.com)
  • These thermosensors are part of a regulatory network, such as the production of heat shock proteins mediated by sigma factor 32 (RpoH) in Escherichia coli or the transcriptional repressor of heat-shock genes HrcA in Bacillus subtilis (Hecker et al. (springer.com)
  • The pLATE bacterial expression vectors are designed for high levels of target protein expression in concert with minimal background (uninduced) expression, which permits expression of proteins that are toxic to E. coli cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • Interestingly, several alkali induced genes/proteins can provide a cross protective overlap to other types of stresses. (essex.ac.uk)
  • In eukaryotic cells, chromatin comprises a complex consisting of DNA, RNA, and proteins where covalent modifications correlate with regulation of gene expression [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our project offers a unique opportunity for Master's student to gain hands-on experience focused on transcriptional regulators with importance in expression of genes of outer membrane proteins that are essential in host-pathogen interaction. (lu.se)
  • The course comprises molecular biology of genes, proteins, multicomponent protein complexes, and other biomolecules that provide structure and perform the organism's functions. (lu.se)
  • Regulation of bacterial virulence gene expression by the host environment. (jci.org)
  • Adaptive intracellular gene expression involved genes that are associated with virulence, the general stress response, cell division, and changes in cell wall structure and included many genes with unknown functions. (essex.ac.uk)
  • Streptococcal pathogens continue to evade concerted efforts to decipher clear-cut virulence mechanisms, although numerous genes have been implicated in pathogenesis. (cdc.gov)
  • This Special Issue of "Genes" seeks reviews and original papers covering a wide range of topics related to microRNA biology, such as regulation of expression in various disorders (cancer, metabolism, autoimmunity to mention but a few), genetics of microRNAs and their target sites, functional analysis of microRNA function and studies of interactions between microRNAs and target genes. (mdpi.com)
  • So, if you are a Master's student looking for a challenging but also rewarding research project, who is interested in bacterial genetics, we encourage you to apply to our project. (lu.se)
  • The creation and isolation of specific mutants is a cornerstone of bacterial genetics. (lu.se)
  • Consequently, bacteria have developed different systems to sense changes in environmental conditions such as temperature and induce an adaptation of metabolism and gene expression. (springer.com)
  • Genomic studies on bacteria have clearly shown the existence of chromosomal organization as regards, for example, to gene localization, order and orientation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, transcriptomic analyses have demonstrated that, in free-living bacteria, gene transcription levels and chromosomal organization are mutually influenced. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This is a perfect illustration of the mutual influence between gene expression levels and chromosomal organization in bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It induces both local effects in the gut, as well as alterations in distant organs through stimuli generated by bacteria, structural bacterial components, and microbial metabolites [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The realization of the vastness of bacterial diversity and the development of novel experimental techniques have propelled molecular microbiology into a new era of investigation This course provides insights into how genes are organized and regulated in bacteria and in their viruses. (lu.se)
  • 5) in 1978 put forth a the- on exposed surfaces led to studies that revealed surface-associ- ory of biofilms that explained the mechanisms whereby micro- ated microorganisms (biofilms) exhibited a distinct phenotype organisms adhere to living and nonliving materials and the with respect to gene transcription and growth rate. (cdc.gov)
  • It can function as an enzyme, scaffold various subcellular structures, and regulate gene expression through a variety of mechanisms, as well as act as a key component of the protein synthesis and splicing machinery. (cshlpress.com)
  • Regulatory mechanisms for chromosomal genes encoding multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps (EPs) in Staphylococcus aureus are poorly defined. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, it is important to describe their mechanisms of actions, expression patterns and possible target genes and cellular pathways with which they interact. (mdpi.com)
  • MicroRNAs constitute a pervasive post-transcriptional filter on protein or mRNA expression levels that are likely to control developmental timing, cellular differentiation, stress responses, metabolism and proliferation. (mdpi.com)
  • With a minimalist model of metabolism, cell growth and transcriptional regulation in a microorganism, we explore how the interaction between environmental conditions and gene regulation set the growth rate of cells in the phase of exponential growth. (lu.se)
  • A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)
  • We found that the COR and jasmonate isoleucine (JA-Ile) co-receptor JAZ2 is constitutively expressed in guard cells and modulates stomatal dynamics during bacterial invasion We analyzed tissue expression patterns of AtJAZ genes and measured stomata opening and pathogen resistance in loss- and gain-of-function mutants. (nih.gov)
  • The correlations proposed provide a guide for further experimentation leading to a better understanding of MDR EP gene expression in this important pathogen. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • The bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infects 30% of all humans and kills someone every 20 - 30 seconds. (aiche.org)
  • Putative regulatory genes were also identified. (nih.gov)
  • Like RafK, the presence of DLDH also activated the expression of raf operon genes, as DLDH-negative pneumococci showed a significantly decreased expression of aga and rafEFG, but DLDH did not regulate rafK or the putative regulatory genes rafR and rafS. (lu.se)
  • Portions of this work were in Regulation of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes in Inflammation: Role of the Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling Pathway (R. Ghose, D. White, J. Vallejo, and S. J. Karpen), which was presented at Experimental Biology 2007 in Washington, DC, April 28-May 2, 2007. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Linkage and comparative mapping studies indicate that the transferred chromosome segment contains a number of candidate genes for hypertension, including genes encoding a brain dopamine receptor and a renal epithelial potassium channel. (jci.org)
  • These findings demonstrate that BP regulatory gene(s) exist within the differential chromosome segment trapped in the SHR-Lx congenic strain and that this region of chromosome 8 plays a major role in the hypertension of SHR vs. BN-Lx rats. (jci.org)
  • Past genomic studies have comprehensively described the organization of the bacterial chromosome, for example in terms of gene localization, order and orientation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This organization of the chromosome can be described as being an adaptive and functional tool, essential for the survival of the bacterial cell. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Gene organization in the bacterial chromosome has very well known effects on transcription and a standard example is the organization of genes into operons, which allows for a sophisticated regulation of gene expression [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has also been shown that neighbouring genes in a bacterial chromosome tend to be co-expressed, even if they are not in the same operon [ 10 ], suggesting the existence of a "supra-operonic" organization [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At least five genes were shown to be essential for the synthesis of AHBA, five genes were determined to encode the modular type I PKS that uses AHBA as the starter unit, and 20 or more genes appear to govern modification of the polyketide-derived framework, and rifamycin resistance and export. (nih.gov)
  • Rifamycin production in A. mediterranei is governed by a single gene cluster consisting of structural, resistance and export, and regulatory genes. (nih.gov)
  • So far, colistin has been best characterized with respect to its structure and biosynthesis, antibacterial mechanism and bacterial resistance, and toxicity and derivatives. (hindawi.com)
  • While previous studies have characterized bacterial growth physiology at steady-state, a quantitative understanding of bacterial physiology in time-varying environments is lacking. (nature.com)
  • To understand the dynamics of bacterial growth physiology and size control in dynamic nutrient environments, we have developed a coarse-grained proteome sector model which connects gene expression to growth rate and division control, and accurately predicts the cell-level E. coli response to nutrient perturbations in both exponential and stationary phase seen in experimental data 5 , 25 . (nature.com)
  • In order to gain a more comprehensive perspective on the physiology and regulation of the AlTR, we compared differential gene expression and protein content of cells adapted at pH 9.5 and un-adapted cells (pH 7.0) using complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray and two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, (combined with mass spectrometry) respectively. (essex.ac.uk)
  • Given the important roles of the gut microbiome in regulating host physiology and gene expression, a better understanding of the relationship between the host and the symbiont microbiota should provide new insights into human health and disease risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To further investigate regulation of AI-2 production in Salmonella , we constructed pfs and luxS promoter fusions to a luxCDABE reporter in a low-copy-number vector, allowing an examination of transcription of the genes in the pathway for signal synthesis. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Here we report that luxS expression is constitutive but that the transcription of pfs is tightly correlated to AI-2 production in Salmonella serovar Typhimurium 14028. (mcmaster.ca)
  • We developed a high-throughput system based on ChIP-Seq for mapping transcription factor (TF) binding, and assayed genome-wide expression following induction of each TF. (aiche.org)
  • The asymmetry of the distribution of the genes between the two strands of DNA is explained as being a means of minimizing interruptions in gene transcription due to collisions between the DNA and RNA polymerases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By testing pntAB and udhA GFP reporter constructs in the background of WT E. coli and 62 transcription factor mutants during growth on different carbon sources, we show distinct transcriptional regulation of the two transhydrogenase promoters. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Specifically, the identified transcription factors Lrp, ArgP and Crp link transhydrogenase expression to particular amino acids and intracellular concentrations of cAMP. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Lysine represses transcription of the Escherichia coli dapB gene by preventing its activation by the ArgP activator. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Our analysis showed that mRNA abundances, gene organization (operon) and gene essentiality are correlated in Buchnera (i.e., the most expressed genes are essential genes organized in operons) whereas no link between mRNA abundances and gene strand bias was found. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed, bacterial genomes carry, on average, from 78% (for genomes containing the polymerase PolC) to 58% (for the other genomes) of their genes on the leading strand [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • R-M systems are widely spread among prokaryotes: they have been found or predicted with computational methods in the vast majority of bacterial and archaeal genomes [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The possible roles of molecular hydrogen, a common by-product of bacterial fermentation, are also addressed. (techscience.com)
  • As a result, the expression of genes directly involved in colistin biosynthesis and secretion increased, indicating that at the transcriptional level spo0A and abrB played opposite roles in regulating colistin biosynthesis in P. polymyxa . (hindawi.com)
  • These two genes play opposite roles in regulation of colistin production. (hindawi.com)
  • two protein structures were solved, and insights into their regulation and biological roles were gained through gene expression analysis and enzymatic assays on complex biomass. (proteopedia.org)
  • This shows that although TIRAP mediates inflammatory responses induced by LPS, it is not essential in regulating LPS-mediated alterations of gene expression in liver. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The luxS gene product mediates the production of AI-2 (M. G. Surette, M. B. Miller, and B. L. Bassler, Proc. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Variations in transcriptional responses of CE15-encoding genes under different growth conditions suggest nonredundant functions for enzymes found in species with multiple CE15 genes and further illuminate the importance of GEs in native lignin-carbohydrate disassembly. (proteopedia.org)
  • Here we investigated PntAB and UdhA regulation by studying transcriptional responses to environmental and genetic perturbations. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Thus, our work demonstrates that APA links genetic variation to variation in gene expression, protein expression, and disease risk, and reveals uncharted modes of genetic regulation. (elifesciences.org)
  • aLICator™ LIC Cloning and Expression Kit 1 - pLATE11 vector, untagged protein expression. (thermofisher.com)
  • aLICator™ LIC Cloning and Expression Kit 2 (N-terminal His-tag/EK) -pLATE51 vector, N-terminal His-tag protein expression. (thermofisher.com)
  • aLICator™ LIC Cloning and Expression Kit 3 (C-terminal His-tag) -pLATE31 vector, C-terminal His-tag protein expression. (thermofisher.com)
  • aLICator™ LIC Cloning and Expression Kit 4 (N-terminal His-tag/WQ) -pLATE 52 vector, N-terminal His-tag protein expression, WELQut cleavage. (thermofisher.com)
  • aLICator™ LIC Cloning and Expression Set 1 (All-in-One/EK) -pLATE11, pLATE51 and pLATE31 vectors, choice of untagged, N- or C-terminal His-tag protein expression. (thermofisher.com)
  • Thus, arrest peptides are used for metabolite-dependent gene regulation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Pathogenic mutations in mitochondrial (mt) tRNA genes that compromise oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) exhibit heteroplasmy and cause a range of multisyndromic conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Current estimates of the number of bacterial species range from 1 to 1000 million. (lu.se)
  • Pneumococci lacking RafK showed a 50- to 80-fold reduction in expression of the raf operon genes aga (alpha-galactosidase) and rafEFG (raffinose substrate binding and permease genes), and both glucose and sucrose inhibited raffinose uptake through inducer exclusion. (lu.se)
  • These results suggest that AI-2 production is regulated at the level of LuxS substrate availability and not at the level of luxS expression. (mcmaster.ca)
  • Microbiological and gene expression data correlated in four instances, existing knowledge of the substrate specificity of NorC resulted in correlation in two others, and a transcriptional/translational disconnect is possible for the remaining two. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • Although its basic precursors (3-amino-5-hydroxy benzoic acid AHBA, and acetic and propionic acids) had been established, and several biosynthetic intermediates had been identified, very little was known about the origin of AHBA nor had the PKS and the various genes and enzymes that modify the initial intermediate been characterized. (nih.gov)
  • Disruption of the PKS genes at the end of rifA abolished rifamycin B production and resulted in the formation of P8/1-OG, a known shunt product of rifamycin biosynthesis, whereas disruption of the orf6 and orf9 genes, which may encode deoxysugar biosynthesis enzymes, had no apparent effect. (nih.gov)
  • The bacterial GEs were able to utilize substrates lacking 4-OH methyl substitutions, known to be important for fungal enzymes. (proteopedia.org)
  • It has been commonly held view that translation initiation in human mitochondria proceeded in a manner similar to bacterial systems, with the mitoribosomal small subunit bound to the initiation factors, mtIF2 and mtIF3, along with initiator tRNA and an mRNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • There, he chose to tackle what was, at the time, a little-known form of translational control: the regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis by the nascent polypeptide. (u-bordeaux.fr)
  • Using an oligonucleotide-based microarray, we normalized the transcriptomic data by genomic DNA signals in order to have access to inter-gene comparison data. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These observations suggest genetic variants can decrease mRNA expression levels by increasing usage of intronic PAS. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our group is interested in the research of clinically relevant bacterial species that mainly cause upper and lower airway infections and their interactions with the host. (lu.se)
  • Here, the function of regulation is quite clear: expressing energy and carbon, that a number around 0.2% would be the right genes at the right time will enable the cell to make the expected, and that the difference is more or less specific to the lac most of the resources within its reach, by maximizing the uptake operon [7]. (lu.se)
  • In this study, we significantly expanded the existing knowledge on CE15 with the in-depth characterization of ten bacterial GEs broadly spanning the phylogenetic tree, and also presented two novel enzyme structures. (proteopedia.org)
  • We propose a model in which TFs act on a spectrum from specific local control of gene expression to widespread binding with little or no direct impact on proximal genes, and suggest that many prokaryotic TFs bind DNA prolifically yet still home to and directly regulate a limited number of targets. (aiche.org)
  • Conclusions: Bacterial GEs exhibit much larger diversity than fungal counterparts. (proteopedia.org)
  • Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)
  • In the push for new interventions, we have recently taken the first steps towards a complete reconstruction of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) gene regulatory network. (aiche.org)
  • Biochemical and structural features of diverse bacterial glucuronoyl esterases facilitating recalcitrant biomass conversion. (proteopedia.org)
  • Arnling Baath J, Mazurkewich S, Knudsen RM, Poulsen JN, Olsson L, Lo Leggio L, Larsbrink J. Biochemical and structural features of diverse bacterial glucuronoyl esterases facilitating recalcitrant biomass conversion. (proteopedia.org)
  • The effect of Buchnera genome evolution on gene expression levels has also been analysed in order to assess the constraints imposed by the obligate symbiosis with aphids, underlining the importance of some gene sets for the survival of the two partners. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At the molecular level, it was found that replacement of glucose by starch has enhanced the relative expression level of ccpA encoding catabolite control protein A. Therefore, the repression of starch utilization by glucose could be probably relieved. (hindawi.com)
  • Taken together, our data demonstrated that starch instead of glucose can promote colistin production probably by affecting the expression of colistin biosynthesis-related genes, as well as reducing the repression of glucose to a secondary metabolic product. (hindawi.com)
  • Biofilm-associated cells can be differentiated from their suspended counterparts by generation of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, reduced growth rates, and the up- and down-regulation of specific genes. (cdc.gov)
  • 3) used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to ated organisms also differ from their planktonic (freely examine biofilms on trickling filters in a wastewater treatment suspended) counterparts with respect to the genes that are tran- plant and showed them to be composed of a variety of organ- scribed. (cdc.gov)
  • Murine gene mutations in human counterparts may be associated with a clinical illness different from the illness seen in mice. (medscape.com)
  • The BTK gene is large and consists of 19 exons that encode the 659 amino acids that form the Btk cytosolic tyrosine kinase. (medscape.com)
  • Here we develop a quantitative theory connecting bacterial growth and division rates to proteome allocation in time-varying nutrient environments. (nature.com)
  • Microbiological, quantitative gene expression, mRNA half-life and genome data for 11 strains of S. aureus combined with bioinformatic analyses were used to identify correlates of increased MDR EP gene expression. (manchester.ac.uk)
  • In 1952, Colonel Ogden Bruton noted the absence of immunoglobulins (Ig) in a boy with a history of pneumonia and other bacterial sinopulmonary infections. (medscape.com)
  • As Bruton originally described, XLA manifests as pneumonia and other bacterial sinopulmonary infections in 80% of cases. (medscape.com)
  • Increasing gene dosage greatly enhances recombinant expression of aquaporins in Pichia pastoris. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, it is unclear if bacterial size modulation is simply a byproduct of the complex cellular response to changing environmental conditions, or if it serves as an adaptive mechanism employed by the cell to improve fitness in time-varying environments. (nature.com)
  • For this purpose, the non-pathogenic production host P. putida KT2440 containing the rhlAB genes with the native P. aeruginosa 5′-UTR region was used. (springer.com)
  • Bacterial intercellular communication provides a mechanism for signal-dependent regulation of gene expression to promote coordinated population behavior. (mcmaster.ca)
  • There will be involved gene engineering and molecular biology methods such as PCR, SDS-PAGE, qPCR, western blot, DNA-protein interaction assays, flow cytometry etc. (lu.se)
  • Restriction-modification (R-M) systems were discovered and characterized as bacterial systems defending cells from an invasion of foreign DNA, e.g. , phage DNA [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression of abrB itself is negatively controlled by Spo0A, another DNA-binding protein, encoded by spo0A [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Heukelekian and genes involved in cell adhesion and biofilm formation. (cdc.gov)
  • When a microRNA is present in the cell, it binds to the target sites and downregulates GFP expression, while in cells that do not express the microRNA GFP, it is expressed. (lu.se)