Expression of caspase. Medical search. Frequent questions

Eldadah and Faden, 2000 ), we hypothesized that suppression of apoptotic capability during maturation of mammalian brain results from repression of genes involved in the caspase-3 activation pathway, and that injury-induced neuronal apoptosis in the mature brain results from reactivation of these genes. (jneurosci.org)
Our results are consistent with a mechanism in which ligands for the BIR3 domain of XIAP induce apoptosis by freeing up caspases. (rcsb.org)
West Nile virus capsid (WNV-cp)-DJY protein expression induces apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
This caspase has been shown to be processed and activated by caspase 8 and caspase 10 in vitro, and by anti-Fas agonist antibody or TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
Caspase-8 is an apical and critical proteolytic enzyme in the cascade of apoptosis. (elsevierpure.com)
These results suggest the important role of caspase-8L in the modulation of apoptosis. (elsevierpure.com)
Caspases are the key regulators of apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
The present study performed immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and western blot analysis and identified no significant changes in the expression of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) following radiation (P>0.05). (spandidos-publications.com)
The most important enzymes involved in apoptosis are caspases, which hydrolyze important structural and functional proteins of the cell, ultimately leading to apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
The inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) inhibit apoptosis by interacting with and then regulating the functions of caspase-8 or caspase-9, -3 and -7 ( 9 , 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Elevated expression of caspase-3 inhibitors, survivin and xIAP correlates with low levels of apoptosis in active rheumatoid synovium. (ox.ac.uk)
This inhibition of apoptosis was observed downstream of caspase-3 and may involve the caspase-3 inhibitors, survivin and xIAP. (ox.ac.uk)
To evaluate the induction of apoptosis was carried-out by caspase-9 colorimetric assay and double staining acridine orange-ethidium bromide. (ijsr.net)
The results of the study revealed the cell chemotactic migration activity were markedly suppressed by docetaxel hydrate followed by the induction of apoptosis through caspase-9 activity and double staining assay. (ijsr.net)
CONCLUSION: Ellagic acid exhibited both antioxidant activity in V79-4 cells and apoptosis-inducing activity in HOS cells through the up-regulation of Bax and activation of caspase-3. (nutrimedical.com)
The increase in apoptosis was associated with activation of caspase-3, caspase-7, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). (cdc.gov)
These results indicate that HBO improves ischemic wound healing by downregulation of HIF-1alpha and subsequent target gene expression with attenuation of cell apoptosis and reduction of inflammation. (nih.gov)
VSV infection triggered rapid differentiation of blood monocytes into immature dendritic cells as well as their apoptosis, which depended on caspase 3/7 activation. (karger.com)
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of S/V on the expression of metastasis‑associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), inflammation and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (ox‑LDL) and to elucidate its possible mechanism. (spandidos-publications.com)
Overall, the findings suggested that S/V could downregulate the expression of MALAT1, inhibit inflammation and apoptosis and improve endothelial function in ox‑LDL‑induced HUVECs via inactivating the TLR4/NF‑κB signaling pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
Previously we reported that UVB irradiation induces apoptosis accompanied by sequential activation of caspase 8, 3 and 1 in keratinocytes, and that the process is inhibited by various caspase inhibitors. (bioone.org)
Bcl-2-transfected NMK cells were significantly resistant to UVB-induced apoptosis with the suppressive effect dependent on the Bcl-2 expression level. (bioone.org)
Apoptosis induction potential of each compound determined by mitochondrial membrane potential analysis (Rho123), cleaved caspase-3 expression analysis by flow cytometry and immunofluorescent staining and cell morphology analysis by giemza, hematoxylin and eosin and Papanicolaou protocols. (ijpsonline.com)
Caspase-3 cleaves the death substrate PARP to a specific 85 kDa form observed during apoptosis and is inhibitable by the CrmA protein. (thomassci.com)
We could show that inhibition of COX-2 causes increased apoptosis, mediated through activation of caspase-8, cleavage of Bid and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c. (lu.se)
The possibility that cytotoxic effects were due to apoptosis was indicated by significant time- and dose-dependent induction of caspase-3/7 activity in both HepG2 cells and human hepatocytes. (cdc.gov)

Active caspase-9, in turn, activates executioner caspases-3 and -7. (jneurosci.org)
Once activated by their respective upstream signals, caspase-8 and -9 may cleave and activate downstream executioner caspases -3 and -7, which, in turn, cleave a plethora of target proteins, resulting in apoptotic death ( 6 - 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
To examine the involvement of executioner caspases in hyperthermia-induced cell-death in a poikilotherm vertebrate species, five genes encoding caspase-3,-6, and -7 were cloned from Atlantic salmon, and the expression was studied in thermal stressed salmon embryos. (nofima.no)
Increased apoptotic activity as evidenced by cleavage of nuclear DNA was demonstrated in salmon embryos incubated at 18-20 degrees C for 84h after acclimatization at 8 degrees C. Hyperthermia-induced activation of the executioner caspases was indicated by the increased mRNA levels of caspase-3B, caspase-6A/B and caspase-7 after 54 h heat exposure as quantified by real-time RT-PCR. (nofima.no)
The 2-2.5 fold increase in the mRNA expression of the heat shock protein Hsp70 gene coincided with the peak mRNA values of the executioner caspases. (nofima.no)
Altogether, these results shed light on evolutionary aspects of the executioner caspases in vertebrates and their expression in salmon embryos exposed to hyperthermia. (nofima.no)

Here we demonstrate that, during brain maturation, the potential of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway is progressively reduced and that such repression is associated with downregulation of apoptotic protease-activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) and caspase-3 gene expression. (jneurosci.org)
A similar decline in apoptotic susceptibility associated with downregulation of Apaf-1 expression as a function of developmental age was also found in cultured primary rat cortical neurons. (jneurosci.org)
These results suggest that differential expression of Apaf-1 and caspase-3 genes may underlie regulation of apoptotic susceptibility during brain development, as well as after acute injury to mature brain, through the intrinsic pathway of caspase activation. (jneurosci.org)
Consistent with the results using c-Flip −/− MEFs, we found that TNF α stimulation induced caspase-dependent prolonged JNK activation and ROS accumulation, followed by apoptotic and necrotic cell death in various tumor cells. (nature.com)
Radiation and other agents induce caspase activation fundamentally via the mitochondrial pathway, which includes mitochondrial integration of apoptotic signals and the subsequent release of cytochrome c into the cytosol ( 5 , 9 , 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) and real-time PCR we investigated the expression of TRAIL, TRAIL receptors and several key molecules of the intracellular apoptotic pathway in human synovial tissues from various types of arthritis and normal controls. (ox.ac.uk)
the expression of specific CNS enzyme (enolase), proinflammatory cytokines MIF and apoptotic marker caspase-3 in the umbilical blood of infants delivered for Covid positive mothers. (who.int)
Our results suggest that although trisomy 8 cells are in a pro-apoptotic state, they are checked by the enhanced expression of anti-apoptotic signals which provide them with their proliferative advantage. (who.int)
Fipronil mediated activation of caspase-3/7 in concurrence with compromised ATP production and viability are attributed to apoptotic cell death. (cdc.gov)

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B) inhibits cell death through suppression of the caspase cascade, the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. (nature.com)
Caspase-8 is an initiator enzyme in the Fas-mediated pathway of which the downstream executioner caspase-3 is a physiological target. (rcsb.org)
Radiation induces caspase activation fundamentally via the mitochondrial pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
Beneficial effects of collagen type III on β-cell function via activation of the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, suppression of RhoA and caspase-3 activity, increased β-cell viability, and proliferation were abolished when ADGRG1 was downregulated in β-cells. (lu.se)

Caspase 14 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CASP14 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The CASP14 gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. (wikipedia.org)
Cells co-transfected with an estrogen response element (ERE)-driven luciferase (Luc) reporter gene and an ERalpha- or ERbeta-expression vector were exposed to graded concentrations of ellagic acid. (nutrimedical.com)
The expression of this gene is regulated by interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide. (cancerindex.org)
Search the gene expression profiles from curated DataSets in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) repository. (cancerindex.org)
Gene expression and cytokine/chemokine secretion were assessed by real-time PCR and multiplex assay, respectively. (karger.com)
led to a reduction in both microglia recruitment and tumor expansion, whereas depletion of microglial caspase-3 gene promoted tumor growth. (cam.ac.uk)
Microarray profiling of hypothalamic gene expression changes in Huntington's disease mouse models. (lu.se)
The data presented is normalized to the expression of Rpl32 , a housekeeping gene. (cdc.gov)

pNA (4-nitroaniline)-derived caspase substrates are widely used for the colorimetric detection of various caspase activities. (eurogentec.com)

MP increased the mRNA expression of T-bet and the protein expression of Bcl-2 in the spleen and decreased the protein expression of caspase-3 and Bax. (hindawi.com)
Our research studied the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of monocyte-derived DCs and demonstrated the functional networks that are involved in monocyte-derived DCs-mediated regulation in AR. (frontiersin.org)
Exposure of human hepatocytes to doses of fipronil (5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl) sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile) ranging from 0.1 to 25 µM resulted in a dose dependent increase in CYP1A1 mRNA expression (3.5 to approximately 55-fold) as measured by the branched DNA assay. (cdc.gov)
In a similar manner, CYP3A4 mRNA expression was also induced (10-30-fold), although at the higher doses induction returned to near control levels. (cdc.gov)

We report the X-ray crystallographic structure of caspase-8 in complex with benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (Z-DEVD), a specific group II caspase inhibitor. (rcsb.org)
Kinetic data reveal that Z-DEVD (K(i) 2 nM) is an almost equally potent inhibitor of caspase-8 as the specific group III inhibitor Boc-IETD-aldehyde (K(i) 1 nM). (rcsb.org)
Healthy male Sprague‑Dawley rats were used in the present study to examine the radioprotective effect of a type of pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk, following radiation, to investigate the effects of caspase blockade in a model of the nucleus of the abducens nerve. (spandidos-publications.com)
z-VAD-fmk ( N -benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone) is a powerful, irreversible and cell permeable inhibitor of caspases, and has been demonstrated to directly block the activity of caspases ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
TAK1 inhibition exacerbated surgery-induced pRIPK1 expression, neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in young rats, and this effect was reversed by a RIPK1 inhibitor. (imperial.ac.uk)

Caspases are cysteine proteases that are specific for substrates with an aspartic acid residue at the P(1) position and have an optimal recognition motif that incorporates four amino acid residues N-terminal to the cleavage site. (rcsb.org)

Injury-induced cytochrome c -specific cleavage of caspase-9 followed by activation of caspase-3 in mature brain correlated with marked increases in Apaf-1 and caspase-3 mRNA and protein expression. (jneurosci.org)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)

We found that glioma-induced microglia conversion was coupled to a reduction in the basal activity of microglial caspase-3 and increased S-nitrosylation of mitochondria-associated caspase-3 through inhibition of thioredoxin-2 activity, and that inhibition of caspase-3 regulated microglial tumor-supporting function. (cam.ac.uk)

We have recently shown that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α induces caspase-dependent and -independent JNK activation and ROS accumulation in cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-Flip) −/− murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). (nature.com)
Elevated caspase-3 expression and T-cell activation in elite suppressors. (ox.ac.uk)
A short recovery period of 6h of cells from SWCNT exposure resulted in reversal of caspase-3 and caspase-7, and a partial reversal of PARP-1 activation. (cdc.gov)
The activation of PARP-1, caspase-3, and caspase-7 was only partially diminished after a recovery of 6h from the exposure to crocidolite. (cdc.gov)
The results of this study show that the molecular mechanism for raw SWCNT-mediated toxicity in BEAS-2B cells is through the activation of caspase-3, caspase-7, and PARP-1. (cdc.gov)
In conclusion, the current study revealed the expression profiles of human TRP channels in 60 different breast cancer tissues and cell lines and furthermore validated the antitumor activity of TRPV1 against SUM149PT breast cancer cells, indicating that activation of TRPV1 could be used as a therapeutic target, even in the most aggressive breast cancer types. (dovepress.com)
The changes in TNF-α, pro-IL-1β, AP-1, NF-κB p65, pRIPK1, pTAK1 and TAK1 expression and astrocyte and microglia activation in the hippocampus were assessed. (imperial.ac.uk)
Objective: Investigate how ADGRG1 expression and activation by its ligand, collagen III, impacts β-cell function in normal and type 2 diabetic (T2D) islets. (lu.se)
Pharmacological agents that promote expression or activation of the ADGRG1 receptor may represent a novel approach for the treatment of T2D. (lu.se)
Organic solvent-induced proximal tubular cell toxicity via caspase-3 activation. (cdc.gov)

Given that ROS accumulation and necrotic cell death enhance inflammation followed by compensatory proliferation of tumor cells, selective suppression of caspase-dependent ROS accumulation will be an alternative strategy to protect cells from ROS-dependent DNA damage and compensatory tumor progression. (nature.com)

Whole-mount in situ hybridization of the salmon embryo identified caspase-7 mRNA in the lens exclusively, while caspase-3B and caspase-6A/B were expressed in multiple tissues of exposed and control embryos. (nofima.no)

Caspase 3/7 activity was detected by luminescence assay. (karger.com)

Reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis revealed the dominant expression of caspase-8L transcript compared to the intact form of caspase-8 in human peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) and T cells. (elsevierpure.com)
In homeostatic conditions, the expression of TRAIL in astrocytes is driven by interferon-γ (IFNγ) produced by meningeal natural killer (NK) cells, in which IFNγ expression is modulated by the gut microbiome. (nature.com)
TRAIL expression in astrocytes is repressed by molecules produced by T cells and microglia in the context of inflammation. (nature.com)
Fig. 5: Meningeal IFNγ + NK cells promote homeostatic astrocyte TRAIL expression. (nature.com)
Furthermore, we identified the activity of nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2, also known as iNOS) originating from the glioma cells as a driving stimulus in the control of microglial caspase-3 activity. (cam.ac.uk)
Previous studies have shown that the expression of MALAT1 is increased in endothelial cells induced by ox-LDL and its expression level can reflect the damage degree of endothelial cells ( 11 , 12 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Following UVB irradiation caspase 8, 3 and 9 activities were stimulated in NMK cells, whereas in bcl-2-transfected cells only caspase 8, but not caspase 3 or 9, activity was stimulated. (bioone.org)
The objective of this study is to explore the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression profiles of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). (frontiersin.org)
We investigated whether atheroprotective unidirectional pulsatile shear stress affects the expression of PDCD4 in endothelial cells. (plos.org)
En face co-immunostaining of the mouse aortic arch revealed a low level of PDCD4 in endothelial cells undergoing pulsatile shear stress. (plos.org)
We treated non-transformed intestinal epithelial cells with LTD4 and found that this led to increased expression of COX-2. (lu.se)

The metal complexes of the compounds had stronger cytotoxic effects and cleaved caspase-3 expression than their ligands. (ijpsonline.com)

We observed a downregulation in the expression of genes involved in host response, such as TNF signaling, IL-1β production, and phagosome formation in Mφ, and phosphatidylinositol signaling and TNF signaling in PMNs, being in line with the ability of the pathogen to survive within phagocytes. (frontiersin.org)

Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
The salmon caspase-6A and caspase-6B proenzymes include an additional linker region between the two subunits. (nofima.no)

As a result, the present study aimed to investigate changes in the expression of X-linked IAP (XIAP) induced by radiation injury, the activity and expression of caspase members following radiation and the effect of caspase blockade. (spandidos-publications.com)

We examined the expression level of lncRNA CASP5 in GBM tissues as well as GBM cell lines. (cancerindex.org)
This study focused on the expression and functionality of TRPV1, a nonselective cation channel that was found to be expressed in different carcinoma tissues. (dovepress.com)
Next-generation sequencing analyses revealed the expression of TRPV1 in several native breast cancer tissues, which was subsequently validated via reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. (dovepress.com)

Mutant huntingtin expression in the hypothalamus promotes ventral striatal neuropathology. (lu.se)

Whereas only partial caspase-3A encoding sequences were isolated, the full-length caspase-3B cDNA encodes the inactive proenzyme of 279 amino acids (aa) consisting of an N-terminal prodomain and the large and the small subunit. (nofima.no)

2 - 4 Expression profiling on a genomic scale led to the classification of the intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer, thus allowing for the prediction of disease progression and patient stratification. (dovepress.com)

Caspase-8 has been classified as a group III caspase member because it shows a preference for a small hydrophobic residue at the P(4) substrate position. (rcsb.org)

A nitric oxide (NO) detection kit was used to determine the concentration of NO. Western blotting analysis was performed to determine the levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)‑1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)‑1, endothelin‑1, caspase‑3, Bax, Bcl‑2, Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4), p65 and p‑p65. (spandidos-publications.com)
Binding of this protein to CXCR3 results in pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of monocytes, natural killer and T-cell migration, and modulation of adhesion molecule expression. (cancerindex.org)

The results of silver, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), parkin, ubiquitin and caspase staining of brain tissue sections further validated our findings. (mcw.edu)
Immunoprecipitation revealed that pulsatile shear stress induced the coupling of ubiquitin with PDCD4 expression. (plos.org)

The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 in women with ovarian cancer. (mdpi.com)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks aerobic training and oral green tea extract on cardiac caspase-3 expression in aged male rats. (ac.ir)

Immunohistochemistry method was used to measure the expression of caspase-3. (ac.ir)

Here we report a novel longer isoform of caspase-8 (caspase-8L) that was generated by alternative splicing of intron 8, thereby carrying a 136-bp insertion and frame shift of the transcript. (elsevierpure.com)

Rotenone-induced parkinsonism elicits behavioral impairments and differential expression of parkin, heat shock proteins and caspases in the rat. (mcw.edu)

Huntingtin contains a few domains that suggest particular functions, including WW domains and caspase cleavage sites ( 7 , 8 ), but the function of the protein remains unknown. (jci.org)
Hypothalamic expression of huntingtin causes distinct metabolic changes in Huntington's disease mice. (lu.se)

Caspases are synthesized in the cell as inactive zymogens and require to be activated to be functional. (spandidos-publications.com)

Conclusion: According to the results of this of this study, combination of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic training with supplementation of green tea extract can decreased the expression of cardiac caspase-3 than aerobic training and supplementation of green tea alone. (ac.ir)
Interestingly, cardiac expression of caspase-6AIB was only identified in beat stressed embryos. (nofima.no)
In particular, the heat sensitive caspase-6 expression in the embryonic heart is of interest since cardiac malformations are an emergent problem in salmon aquaculture. (nofima.no)

The salmon genome contained two genetically distinct variants of both salmon caspase-3 and caspase-6 that is likely the result of two independent chromosome or genome duplications. (nofima.no)

The expression and processing of this caspase may be involved in keratinocyte terminal differentiation, which is important for the formation of the skin barrier. (wikipedia.org)

The transcript encoded N-terminal two repeats of death effector domain (DED) of caspase-8, but lacking the C-terminal half of the proteolytic domain. (elsevierpure.com)
In patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), imbalanced expression of caspase-8L transcript was identified. (elsevierpure.com)

Results: The results show that caspase-3 expression was significantly lower in exercise group (18%), supplement group (13%) and exercise + supplement group (43%), than the control group (p≤0.05). (ac.ir)
RESULTS: Old rats had low TAK1 expression and were more susceptible to surgery-induced POCD and neuroinflammation than young rats. (imperial.ac.uk)
Results: ADGRG1 is the most abundant GPCR mRNA in both human and mouse islets, and its expression inhumanislets strongly correlates with genes important for β-cell function and T2 Drisk. (lu.se)

Compared with the ox‑LDL group, S/V treatment significantly increased the cell viability, NO concentration and Bcl‑2 expression, decreased the levels of IL‑1β, IL‑6 and TNF‑α and reduced the expressions of MALAT1, ICAM‑1, VCAM‑1, cleaved‑caspase‑3, Bax, TLR4 and p‑p65. (spandidos-publications.com)
Conclusions:Wedemonstrate a mechanistic link between ADGRG1 expression andβ-cell function. (lu.se)

PBMCs are divided into various functional subtypes with respect to the specific cytokine expression profiles, surface markers, and the transcription factors. (frontiersin.org)

IL-1ß and Caspase-3 expression in kidneys of wistar rats against sodium fluoride induced oxidative stress. (bvsalud.org)
Conversely, genetic TAK1 overexpression attenuated surgery-induced pRIPK1 expression, neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in old rats. (imperial.ac.uk)
CONCLUSION: Ageing-related decreases in TAK1 expression may contribute to surgery-induced RIPK1 overactivation, resulting in neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in old rats. (imperial.ac.uk)

Additionally, histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical alterations in the expression of caspase-3 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADPH ) oxidase -4 (NOX-4) in kidney tissue were performed to confirm the findings of the in vivo experiments. (bvsalud.org)
Ex vivo infection of PBLs with VSV elicited upregulated expression of RIG-I, MDA-5, tetherin, IFITM3, and MxA . (karger.com)

Anatomy24

Organisms5

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs119

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes46

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Health Care1

Apoptosis27

Executioner caspases6

Apoptotic9

Pathway4

Gene9

Various caspase1

MRNA expression4

Inhibitor5

Substrates1

Protein expression2

Inhibition1

Activation10

Tumor1

Situ hybridization1

Assay1

Cells11

Cytotoxic1

Downregulation1

Proenzymes2

XIAP1

Tissues3

Promotes1

Encodes1

Intrinsic1

Substrate1

Adhesion molecule2

Ubiquitin2

Serum1

Male Rats1

Immunohistochemistry1

Isoform1

Differential expression1

Huntingtin2

Inactive1

Cardiac3

Genetically1

Differentiation1

Transcript2

Results3

Cell2

Cytokine1

Rats3

Vivo2