• alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG, Alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid Glycoprotein) also known as fetuin-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AHSG gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus AHSG is a secreted partially phosphorylated glycoprotein with complex proteolytic processing that circulates in blood and extracellular fluids. (wikipedia.org)
  • In adipose tissue, Fetuin-A downregulates the expression of adiponectin, thereby increasing inflammation and insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
  • Posttranslational processing of human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (human fetuin). (wikipedia.org)
  • The alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, called fetuin-a, could be a potential aqueous biomarker associated with DM and smoking, which were cataract risk factors. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Here we demonstrate that the human subplate also expresses α2zinc-binding globulin and Alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein/human fetuin. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Our purpose was to examine expression patterns of genes related to bone mineralization and inflammation in flexor forelimb muscles from young adult and aged (16 months) rats performing a repetitive reaching and grasping task. (cdc.gov)
  • Hsu SY, Nakabayashi K, Bhalla A. Evolution of glycoprotein hormone subunit genes in bilateral metazoa: identification of two novel human glycoprotein hormone subunit family genes, GPA2 and GPB5. (biovendor.com)
  • In addition, their osteogenic differentiation potential was increased, and genes involved in cell adhesion, FGF-2 signalling, cell cycle, stemness, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation were upregulated, compared to that of the MSCs cultured on uncoated plates. (hindawi.com)
  • These diseases are discussed here in part because mutations in 2 genes can present with either an LGMD or a myofibrillar myopathy phenotype. (medscape.com)
  • Under the stimulation of the different pathogens, glycoproteins showed a dramatic change. (frontiersin.org)
  • generated in vitro from the same individual blood donors were exposed to five different pathogens, and gene expression profiles were assessed by microarray analysis. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • These hormones consist of two subunits, the common alpha- and specific beta-subunits, which associate noncovalently to form a heterodimer. (biovendor.com)
  • The alpha-subunit combines with four distinct beta-subunits giving rise to four biologically active hormones in human: FSH, LH, TSH, and CG. (biovendor.com)
  • Thyrostimulin, a heterodimer of two new human glycoprotein hormone subunits, activates the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. (biovendor.com)
  • Sodium channel β1 subunits modulate α subunit gating and cell surface expression and participate in cell adhesive interactions in vitro . (jneurosci.org)
  • β1 subunits affect sodium channel gating and cell surface expression when expressed in heterologous cells in vitro . (jneurosci.org)
  • It forms αβ heterodimers with the CD11 alpha subunits ITGAL (αL aka CD11a forming integrin LFA-1), ITGAM (αM aka CD11b, forming integrin Mac-1) and ITGAX (αX aka CD11c, forming integrin p150/95). (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Recombinant A2/B5 heterodimeric glycoproteins activates human TSH receptors, but not LH and FSH receptors, and shows high affinity to TSH receptors in a radioligand receptor assay. (biovendor.com)
  • A glycoprotein hormone expressed in corticotrophs exhibits unique binding properties on thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. (biovendor.com)
  • PSMA is a cell surface glycoprotein receptor present on tumor vascular endothelium of many types of cancer [6, 7]. (aiche.org)
  • Description: The BC96 monoclonal antibody reacts with human CD25, the 55 kDa interleukin-2 receptor alpha chain (IL-2Ralpha). (thermofisher.com)
  • However, CD25 associates with CD122 (IL-2 receptor beta chain) and CD132 (common gamma chain) to form the high affinity IL-2 receptor. (thermofisher.com)
  • CD25 (IL2 receptor alpha chain/IL2RA) is a cytokine that plays a role in the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
  • Mutations in this gene are associated with interleukin 2 receptor alpha deficiency. (thermofisher.com)
  • However, controversies exist regarding the status of the steroid hormone receptor expression in endometriotic tissues. (springer.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to determine the ontogeny of cellular changes in the expression of estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ), G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), and progesterone receptors (PRs) in endometriosis using a mouse model. (springer.com)
  • Matsuzaki S, Murakami T, Uehara S, Canis M, Sasano H, Okamura K. Expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta in peritoneal and ovarian endometriosis. (springer.com)
  • Expression of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in endometriosis: a tissue microarray study. (springer.com)
  • Targeting this glycosaminoglycan complex biomolecules might be a novel therapeutic strategy to treat disorders such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and infections associated with receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) containing disaccharide units (CS-E) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • free fatty acid receptor 2 [Source:HGNC S. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • Here, we observed that HDL isolated from healthy individuals inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral monocytes stimulated with a Toll-like receptor 2 agonist. (lww.com)
  • With respect to cadherin 1 (CDH1) and fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), the mutational rates for non-neoplastic colorectal mucosa were similar to those in sporadic CRC. (iiarjournals.org)
  • These glycoproteins are widely involved in important biological processes, such as antigen presentation, cytokine production and glycosylation progression. (frontiersin.org)
  • The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. (wikidoc.org)
  • This Antibody was verified by Relative expression to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
  • In addition we have demonstrated e.g. myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin oligodendrocyte that the balance between biologically active TGF-b1 and glycoprotein (MOG) autoreactive T-cells, which are in an the pro-inflammatory TNF-a, IL-1b and IFN-g is dysregu- increased state of activation compared with healthy controls, lated during MS relapse-remission25. (chestervetclinic.com)
  • In turn, PGH2 is converted to biologically active products (ie, prostaglandin E 2 [PGE2]) by individual synthase and reductase reactions. (medscape.com)
  • The expression of thyrostimulin in the anterior pituitary known to express TSH receptors suggested a paracrine mechanism. (biovendor.com)
  • The expression of all these receptors also deferred between two lesions from the same animal. (springer.com)
  • We propose that the variable outcomes in hormonal therapy for endometriosis could be possibly due to heterogeneity in the expression of steroid hormone receptors in the ectopic endometrium. (springer.com)
  • Paterni I, Granchi C, Katzenellenbogen JA, Minutolo F. Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ): subtype-selective ligands and clinical potential. (springer.com)
  • Alpha2-HS glycoprotein, a glycoprotein present in the serum, is synthesized by hepatocytes and adipocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • When comparing caries free and ECC groups, lower protein levels were found in the caries free group for hemoglobin subunit beta, delta, epsilon, gamma-2, globin domain-containing protein and gamma-1, neutrophil defensin 3, serum albumin, protein S100-A8, and S100-A9. (bvsalud.org)
  • Serum levels of PIVKA-II were detected by AFP is a kind of glycoprotein that is often associated chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay on automatic with HCC. (sagepub.com)
  • Antivascular therapy aims to kill tumor cells by cutting off blood flow, depriving tumors of nutrients they need to survive [2]. (aiche.org)
  • In vivo anti-cancer effect of dung beetle GAG on solid tumor size, survival time and gene-expression profiles was also assayed using B10F10 melanoma mice model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glycosaminoglycan, CaG can strengthen ECM by increasing activity of TIMP-2 and adhesion activity on collagen known to inhibit changes of ECM, leading to tumor cell invasion and progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hence, altering expression of CS and heparan sulfate (HS) on surface of tumor cells is a potential molecular strategy to prevent malignant transformation and tumor metastasis [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lu, Zhi-Ming 2020-12-01 00:00:00 Background: To explore the value of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) in diagnosis of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their relationship with vascular invasion, tumor differentiation and size. (sagepub.com)
  • Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are produced from the patient's T cells which are extracted from the tumor and grown in a cell culture system with the lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Concomitant use of interferon enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby augmenting the killing of tumor cells by the infused effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In total, 136 aqueous humor proteins were identified, of which only alpha-2-Heremans-Schmid (HS)-glycoprotein was considered to be significantly risk-associated because it was differentially expressed in these three groups and exhibited increased expression with increasing risk factors. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • A significant upregulation of Osteoactivin, a gene related to bone mineralization, was found in aged rats (both control and task), while alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein was significantly down-regulated in young adult 3 week HRLF task rats only. (cdc.gov)
  • We identified that expression of LTF and CCL21 are significantly different in HT and PTC, suggesting an underlying association between HT and PTC. (medsci.org)
  • High AFP and PIVKA-II expression was significantly associated with the presence of vascular invasion (P was 0.007 and 0.014 respectively). (sagepub.com)
  • Human thyrostimulin ranks among the glycoprotein hormone family. (biovendor.com)
  • The heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones have only been identified in vertebrates and are highly conserved in organisms from primitive rayfin fish (Chondrostei) to human in both primary sequences and functional characteristics. (biovendor.com)
  • MSCs can easily be obtained from various human tissue sources such as the bone marrow, cord blood, placenta, and adipose [ 2 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Additionally, Abedin and King showed that FGF-2 suppresses the cellular senescence of human MSCs [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters the central nervous system (CNS) early in the course of the infection and causes several important CNS conditions over the course of the disease, such as HIV encephalopathy and AIDS dementia complex. (medscape.com)
  • Alternatively spliced mRNA encodes a secreted form of human CD8 alpha. (wikidoc.org)
  • These observations imply that the human subplate shares gene expression patterns with rodent, but is more compartmentalized into superficial and deep sublayers. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, the effects of β1 are highly dependent on the experimental system in which they are studied, and different effects on the kinetics and voltage dependence of gating of brain sodium channels are observed on expression in Xenopus oocytes, Chinese hamster lung and ovary cells, and human embryonic kidney cells (Isom et al. (jneurosci.org)
  • Furthermore, using sequence analysis of human genomic DNA, researchers concluded that the amino acids important for catalysis by COX-1 are conserved and are equally important for catalysis by COX-2. (medscape.com)
  • Corticotroph-derived glycoprotein hormone (CGH), also referred to as thyrostimulin, is a noncovalent heterodimer of glycoprotein hormone alpha 2 (GPHA2) and glycoprotein hormone beta 5 (GPHB5). (biovendor.com)
  • The functional coreceptor is either a homodimer composed of two alpha chains, or a heterodimer composed of one alpha and one beta chain. (wikidoc.org)
  • and 3) task performance in aged rats only (corticotropin releasing hormone, interleukin 4, interferon regulatory factor 1, inhibin alpha, and interleukin 6). (cdc.gov)
  • 0.05) longer t 1/2 was found for NQ in male rats (192.1 ± 47.7), compared with female rats (143.9 ± 27.1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • These results indicated that the pharmacokinetic profiles of NQ were similar between male and female rats, except for a longer t 1/2 in male rats. (biomedcentral.com)
  • absent in melanoma 2 [Source:HGNC S. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • In addition, treatment with N-glycans derived from theses glycosaminoglycan increased activities of TIMP-2 in HMVEC cells pretreated with TNF-alpha and in melanoma cells, suggesting that they had anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutations in the β2 intergrin ( ITGB2 ) gene lead to absent, reduced, or aberrant CD18 protein expression, resulting in subnormal levels of β2 intergrins on leukocyte membranes. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Both alpha and beta chains share significant homology to immunoglobulin variable light chains. (wikidoc.org)
  • 1987) Heterogeneous mutations in the beta subunit common to the LFA-1, Mac-1, and p150,95 glycoproteins cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • The protein produced from the HLA-DRB1 gene, called the beta chain, attaches (binds) to another protein called the alpha chain, which is produced from the HLA-DRA gene. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We identified a total of 587 glycoproteins, including 1239 glycopeptides, 526 monosaccharide components, and 8326 intact glycopeptides in glycoproteomics, as well as a total of 4496 proteins identified in proteomic analysis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification of proteins, and glycoproteins are widely involved in various important cellular biological processes and diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Different glycans of proteins can result in different immunogenicities and immune functions ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Samples are mixed with a cocktail of biotinylated detection antibodies (Step 1) and then incubated with the array membrane which is spotted in duplicate with capture antibodies to specific target proteins (Step 2) . (rndsystems.com)
  • The cells secrete a variety of major plasma proteins e.g.. albumin, alpha2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin and plasminogen. (hsanmartino.it)
  • The proteins histatin-1, statherin, salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein ½, proline-rich protein 4, submaxillary gland androgen-regulated protein 3B, alpha-amylase 1 and 2B were found at higher levels in the caries free group. (bvsalud.org)
  • They have been defined as monotropic integral membrane proteins located primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (COX-1) and the perinuclear envelope (COX-2). (medscape.com)
  • Moreover, at molecular level, each heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) consists of a core protein linked to one or more linear heparan sulfate (HS) chains composed of alternating D-glucosamine and uronic acids, leading to N - or O -sulfated glycan [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Combining knowledge of cell-type specific subplate gene expression with modern imaging methods will enable a better understanding of neuropathologies involving the subplate. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Multiple inherited mutations in the integrin β2 protein (CD18) that reduce expression or function have been identified as the causative factor in patients with LAD1. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • These results suggest that effects of β1 on sodium channel gating are dependent on the genetic background and signal transduction pathways present in the cell type used in heterologous expression and emphasize the importance of analyzing the effects of β1 in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
  • GALA is a 30 amino acid peptide that forms an alpha helix at acidic pH [3]. (aiche.org)
  • By 1964, after recognition of this basic structure, Bergstrom and colleagues successfully synthesized series 2 prostaglandins from arachidonic acid using sheep seminal fluid. (medscape.com)
  • Their distinct biosynthetic activity includes an endoperoxidase synthase reaction that oxygenates and cyclizes polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors (eg, arachidonic acid) to form prostaglandin G 2 (PGG2), and a peroxidase reaction that converts PGG2 to prostaglandin H 2 (PGH2), as shown below. (medscape.com)
  • Determining the expression of multiple cytokines in a single sample can be expensive, time consuming and can require specialized equipment. (rndsystems.com)
  • Between 2 and cytokines coincides with the relapse phase of the dis- 3 million people Worldwide are thought to live with MS. ease25 - 33. (chestervetclinic.com)
  • Evidence suggests that COX-1 and COX-2 are similar in structure and function but that they exist as 2 distinct enzymatic entities. (medscape.com)
  • We used label-free nanoflow ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to compare aqueous humor protein expressions in cataract patients with different cataract risk factors such as diabetes mellitus (DM) and smoking and in controls (with cataract) without risk exposure. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Significant changes in the aqueous humor level of alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein between DM and control samples and between smoking and control samples were confirmed using ELISA. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Liposomes were prepared by hydrating a thin lipid film with the desired aqueous phase buffer, incubating at 55° Celsius for 2 hours, and extruding the resultant suspension through 100 nm -pore polycarbonate membranes to generate unilamellar vesicles. (aiche.org)
  • Infectious Agents and Cancer (2020) 15:70 Page 2 of 7 Background with healthy individuals. (sagepub.com)
  • by the year 2020 [ 2 ]. (who.int)
  • Glycosylation reactions of different glycosyltransferases can form complex sugar chains of secreted or cell-surface glycoprotein ( N -glycans and O -glycans) that can be added at asparagine residues ( N -linked) or at serine and threonine residues ( O -linked) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • however, lower amounts of ORM can be also synthesized by leukocytes and endothelial cells ( 2 ). (biochemia-medica.com)
  • We used the autologous uterine tissue transfer mouse model and studied the mRNA and protein expression of ERα, ERβ, GPER1, and PR in ectopic lesions at 2, 4, and 8 weeks of induction of endometriosis. (springer.com)
  • Conversely, the transcription of COX-2 yields a 4.5-kb mRNA that encodes a 70-kd protein with roughly 70-75% homology to the COX-1 protein. (medscape.com)
  • The bivariate pseudocolor density plot shows the correlated expression patterns of CD8a (or Ig Isotype control staining) versus CD3e for gated events with the forward and side light-scatter characteristics of viable (DAPI-negative) splenic leucocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • This control is propagated through the alpha-subunit of prolyl 4-hydroxylase where protein levels were previously shown to rise fivefold with increasing cell density. (embl.de)
  • We evaluated the expression of immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) on T cell subsets in PCM patients according. (koreamed.org)
  • IL-2 stimulates the proliferation of B cells, augments natural killer cell activity, and inhibits granulocyte macrophage colony formation. (thermofisher.com)
  • Cell , 50 (2): 193-202. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Nucleotide sequencing analysis of the plaque-purified iVDPVs revealed 2%-3.5% VP1-region differences from their parental Sabin 3 strain. (cdc.gov)
  • Characterization and expression of enzymatically active recombinant filarial prolyl 4-hydroxylase. (embl.de)
  • Basic salivary proline-rich protein 1 and 2, Cystatin-B, and SA were found only in the caries free group. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our studies relish conducive to the initially unbrokentually that curcumin suppresses the upregulated work and expression of gelatinase B needed to NE-induced emphasis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. (upb.ro)
  • From a clinical point of view, AD has a strong impact on the lifestyle of patients which is characterized by a prodromal phase with a subsequent progressive loss of memory and decline of cognitive functions, leading to the need for continuous medical care [ 2 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • During the progression of colitis, genetic alterations associated with mucosal permeability [ e.g. those in extracellular matrix protein 1 ( ECM1 ), cadherin 1 ( CDH1 ), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha ( HNF4A )] have been observed and considered to confer the risk of severe UC ( 11 , 12 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • A full-length cDNA (Ov-phy-1) encoding a catalytically active alpha-subunit of Onchocerca volvulus prolyl 4-hydroxylase was isolated and characterized. (embl.de)
  • [ 2 ] As part of the acute HIV syndrome during seroconversion, patients may experience HIV encephalopathy. (medscape.com)
  • Infection with this pathogen is also causally linked to 2 potentially serious nonsuppurative complications: acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and acute glomerulonephritis . (medscape.com)