Expression glucose transporters glucose transporter type 2. Medical search. Frequent questions

that is, sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT1) and facilitated glucose transporter (GLUT2), which are usually downregulated in the small intestine of functional ruminants but are upregulated when luminal glucose is available. (nih.gov)

The SLC2A10 gene encodes the GLUT10 facilitative glucose transporter, which is expressed in high amounts in liver and pancreas. (diabetesjournals.org)
The recently cloned SLC2A10 gene encodes a 541 amino acid putative facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT10) of the GLUT family class III with between 30 and 34% amino acid homology with the known GLUT proteins ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Two means of glucose transport are noted: facilitative and secondary active transport. (medscape.com)
Glucose is removed from ASL in proximal airways via facilitative glucose transporters, down a concentration gradient generated by intracellular glucose metabolism. (ersjournals.com)
Since the mid-1960s, it has been known that there are energy-dependent, sodium-coupled glucose transporter (SGLT) and energy-independent, facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT) pathways for glucose uptake in the lung [ 1 ], and that glucose can permeate the alveolar epithelial barrier [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
Facilitative transport occurs in essentially all cell types and is driven by the concentration gradient across cellular membranes. (medscape.com)
Glucose enters the cell along with sodium, and sodium exits the cell at the basolateral side of the cell, which is sodium-independent and a facilitative transport requiring no energy. (medscape.com)

This form of glucose transport is predominantly mediated by members of the GLUT transporter family. (medscape.com)
ii) The glucose carriers expressed in the basolateral domain are GULT-1 and GLUT-2 that do not require energy, sodium, or any other ion. (medscape.com)
In the initial proximal tubule, only SGLT-2 and GLUT-2 are expressed, whilst SGLT-1 and GLUT-1 are expressed in the distal part of the tubule. (medscape.com)

However, much subsequent research in this area was focused on the role of pulmonary SGLT transport as a modifier of lung liquid volume [ 3 , 4 ], and the effects of starvation and diabetes on glucose transport [ 1 , 5 ]. (ersjournals.com)
In recent randomized controlled clinical trials, medications within the sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) class have shown improvements in adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes among individuals with CKD [7▪▪,8,9▪▪,10▪] . (lww.com)
Secondary active transport occurs in the intestine and the kidney tubules (predominantly proximal tubule) and is mediated by members of the SGLT transporter family. (medscape.com)
i) The apical transporters are SGLT-1 (type 1) and SGLT-2. (medscape.com)

Heterozygosity for mutations suggest a role of nongenetic factors or other genes involved in renal glucose transport. (medscape.com)
Placentas exhibit signs of adaptation to stress, including larger maternal blood spaces and increased expression of nutrient transporter genes. (elifesciences.org)
However, it has much broader effects mediated by genomic (vitamin D directly or indirectly influences expression of up to 2,000 genes) as well as non-genomic mechanisms [ 1 ]. (karger.com)
A very natural place to study gene detecting and metabolizing lactose, it is known that the overall regulation is in the metabolism of the cell, and then specifically in effect of expressing the lac genes in vain is a drop in the growth rate the regulation of genes that code for enzymes and transporter of as much as 5% [1,6]. (lu.se)

Diets containing corn starch may improve glucose supply by providing significant amounts of intestinal starch and increasing intestinal glucose absorption in dairy cows. (nih.gov)
We tested the hypothesis that mRNA and protein expression of intestinal glucose transporters and mRNA expression of enzymes related to gluconeogenesis are affected by variable starch supply. (nih.gov)
After slaughter, tissue samples of the small intestinal mucosa (mid-duodenum and mid-jejunum) were taken for determination of mRNA concentrations of SGLT1 and GLUT2 as well as pyruvate carboxylase, cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase by real-time reverse transcription PCR relative to a housekeeping gene. (nih.gov)
A mixed model was used to examine feeding and time-related changes on feed intake and milk yield and to test feeding and gut site effects on gene or protein expression of glucose transporters and enzymes in the intestinal mucosa. (nih.gov)
In conclusion, our investigations on glucose transporters and gluconeogenic enzymes in the small intestinal mucosa of dairy cows did not show significant diet regulation when TMR with different amounts of intestinal starch were fed. (nih.gov)
Therefore, predicted intestinal glucose absorption after enhanced starch feeding is probably not supported by changes of intestinal glucose transporters in dairy cows. (nih.gov)
Some of the transport proteins have been identified-for example, intestinal brush border Na + /glucose and Na + /proline transporters 1,2 and the brain Na + /Cl - /GABA transporter 3 -and progress has been made in locating their active sites and probing their conformational states 1,2,4-7 . (nature.com)
The archetypical Na + -driven transporter is the intestinal brush border Na + /glucose co-transporter (see ref. 8), and a defect in the co-transporter is the origin of the congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome 9 . (nature.com)
Exercise was also shown to increase the concentration of blood glucagon like peptide-2(GLP-2), which regulates carbohydrate digestion and absorption in small intestinal epithelium. (preprints.org)
Therefore, we investigated the effects of exercise on intestinal digestion and absorption molecules and the levels of GLP-2. (preprints.org)
We showed that acute low-intensity exer-cise affects the intestinal carbohydrate digestion and absorption molecules via GLP-2. (preprints.org)

Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction due to a reduction in the renal tubular reabsorption of glucose. (medscape.com)
Here, we consider a newly identified role for pulmonary glucose transport in maintaining low airway surface liquid (ASL) glucose concentrations and propose that this contributes to lung defence against infection. (ersjournals.com)
These processes vary between species but universally maintain ASL glucose at 3-20-fold lower concentrations than plasma. (ersjournals.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are increased in respiratory disease and by hyperglycaemia. (ersjournals.com)
This is in contrast to conditions in the gut and kidney, where luminal glucose concentrations regularly exceed plasma glucose concentrations [ 6 , 7 ]. (ersjournals.com)
ASL glucose concentrations are the net result of diffusion of glucose from blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory epithelium into the ASL, and removal of glucose from ASL by epithelial glucose transport processes. (ersjournals.com)
Current model of the mechanisms controlling glucose concentrations in the surface liquid lining the airway and distal lung epithelium. (ersjournals.com)
Freshly extracted human proximal tubular epithelial cells were grown in primary culture in medium containing low and high glucose concentrations (5 or 26 mmol/L, respectively) with 4 nmol/L thiamine and the expression of SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 investigated. (larkinweb.co.uk)
Using serum samples of diabetic patients whose glucose concentrations were above the threshold (10.0 mmol/l), spectroscopic methods were used to determine the concentration of glucose and zinc. (scirp.org)
Renal glucosuria is the excretion of glucose in the urine in detectable amounts at normal blood glucose concentrations in the absence of any signs of generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction. (medscape.com)

Glucose enters at the luminal side of the proximal tubular cells by an active carrier-mediated transport process that requires energy provided by the sodium gradient between the intra- and extracellular compartments generated by sodium-potassium ATPase. (medscape.com)

No diet-dependent differences were found concerning mRNA and protein contents of glucose transporter or mRNA level of gluconeogenic enzymes. (nih.gov)

The kidneys play an important role in glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)
The kidneys produce between 2.0-2.5umol of glucose/kg/min thereby contributing about 20-25% of circulating glucose. (medscape.com)
Gluconeogenesis in the kidneys exceeds renal glucose consumption. (medscape.com)
The location of these transporters in human kidneys and the effect of high glucose concentration on transporter expression in human tubular epithelial cells in primary culture were investigated. (larkinweb.co.uk)
Renal location of THTR -1 and THTR -2 was investigated by immunohistochemical staining of parafﬁn-embedded human kidneys. (larkinweb.co.uk)
Immunohistochemical staining of human kidneys showed particularly intense staining of THTR -1 and THTR -2 in the proximal tubule. (larkinweb.co.uk)
We also analyzed the expression of Nrf2 in the kidneys of DN patients with zinc deficiency to clarify the relationship between zinc and Nrf2 in these patients. (nature.com)
Vitamin D has to be metabolically activated in the kidney, and patients with CKD including diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are not able to produce enough of the active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH) 2 D). Vice versa, the kidneys are assumed to be a classical 1,25(OH) 2 D target. (karger.com)

The key enzymes of gluconeogenesis are phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase). (medscape.com)

When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, human GLUT10 exhibited 2-deoxy- d -glucose transport with an apparent K m of ∼0.3 mmol/l ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Glucose loss in the urine may vary from a few grams to more than 100g (556 mmol) per day. (medscape.com)
As the rate of glucose entering the nephron rises above 260-350mg/1.73m 2 /min (14.5-19.5mmol/1.73m 2 /min), the excess glucose exceeds the reabsorptive capacity of proximal tubule and is excreted in the urine (i.e. glucosuria). (medscape.com)

Renal glucosuria has also been reported in patients with acute pyelonephritis in the presence of a normal blood glucose level. (medscape.com)
The glucose transporters expressed in the renal proximal tubule ensure that less than 0.5 g/day (range 0.03-0.3 g/d) is excreted in the urine of healthy adults. (medscape.com)
The decreased renal reuptake of thiamine in diabetes is likely due to hyperglycemia-induced decreased expression of thiamine transporters in the renal tubular epithelium. (larkinweb.co.uk)
At present, there are few studies on the role of zinc in patients with DN diagnosed via renal biopsy, especially on the relationship between zinc and Nrf2 expression in patients with DN. (nature.com)
Individuals with CKD have disproportionately high rates of cardiovascular disease, progression to end-stage kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy, and death [2-5] . (lww.com)
For instance, in the CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) trial, canagliflozin was associated with a reduction in the risks of kidney failure and cardiovascular events among participants with type 2 diabetes and CKD [8] . (lww.com)

In immortalised human airway cells (line H441) with 10 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, apical ASL glucose was 0.24±0.07 mM [ 10 ]. (ersjournals.com)

Protein expression of GLUT2 in crude mucosal membranes and of SGLT1 and GLUT2 in brush-border membrane vesicles was quantified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE and immunoblot. (nih.gov)
In brush-border membrane vesicles, SGLT1 and GLUT2 protein expression could be demonstrated. (nih.gov)
C57BL/KaLwRij mice were implanted subcutaneously with unilateral murine green fluorescent protein-expressing 5TGM1 tumors and divided into 3 independent groups: untreated, treated beginning week 2 after tumor implantation, and treated beginning week 3 after tumor implantation. (snmjournals.org)
Further works by [8] have established the fact that Zn transporter (ZnT8) is a key protein for the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic Beta-cells. (scirp.org)
AE1 and NBCe1), and (iii) may provide sites for regulation of transporter function via protein kinase A phosphorylation (e.g. (tcdb.org)

14 Taurine is taken up by cells via taurine transporters that are highly sensitive to intracellular taurine concentration. (jomes.org)
The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is a key mediator in uptake and intracellular accumulation of melphalan and correlates with melphalan sensitivity and response in MM and other cancers ( 8 - 10 ). (snmjournals.org)

It produces glucose by gluconeogenesis. (medscape.com)

A few studies have reported that exercise training in-creases the expression of carbohydrate digestion and absorption molecules. (preprints.org)

Glucose removal is determined by cellular glucose uptake and metabolism ( fig. 1 ) [ 4 , 12 - 14 ]. (ersjournals.com)
18 F-FDOPA PET/CT complemented 18 F-FDG PET/CT in imaging melphalan therapy response in preclinical extramedullary MM. 18 F-FDOPA uptake was linked to LAT1 expression and melphalan response, with longitudinal imaging suggesting stabilization of LAT1 levels and melphalan tumor cytotoxicity. (snmjournals.org)

Immunohistochemistry was performed on representative tissue from all groups for LAT1 and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression. (snmjournals.org)
There was no visible effect on GLUT1 expression, but LAT1 density increased in the week 2 treated group. (snmjournals.org)

As plasma glucose concentration increases, there is concordant increase in the filtered load of glucose. (medscape.com)
0.01 mM and plasma glucose 0.19 mM [ 3 ]. (ersjournals.com)

The levels of plasma GLP-2 and the expression of the GLP-2 receptor, sucrase-isomaltase (SI), and glucose transporter (GLUT2) in the jejunum were increased in LEx group. (preprints.org)

The gene was examined in 61 Danish type 2 diabetic patients, and a total of six variants (−27C→T, Ala206Thr, Ala272Ala, IVS2 + 10G→A, IVS4 + 18T→G, and IVS4 + 26G→A) were identified and investigated in an association study, which included 503 type 2 diabetic patients and 510 glucose-tolerant control subjects. (diabetesjournals.org)
We investigated the correlation between zinc levels and Nrf2 expression and potential effects on the clinicopathology of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). (nature.com)
In this review, we summarize current knowledge about vitamin D metabolism in general, its role in diabetes mellitus (mainly type 2) and diabetic complications (mainly diabetic kidney disease), and potential therapeutic perspectives including vitamin D signalling as a druggable target. (karger.com)

Here we describe cloning of this co-transporter by a method new to membrane proteins. (nature.com)
We have sequenced the cloned DNA and have found no homology between the Na + /glucose co-transporter and either the mammalian facilitated glucose carrier or the bacterial sugar transport proteins. (nature.com)

More water than glucose is reabsorbed resulting in an increase in the glucose concentration in the urine along the tubule. (medscape.com)
Consequently the affinity of the transporters for glucose along the tubule increases to allow for complete reabsorption of glucose from the urine. (medscape.com)
Reabsorption of glucose predominantly occurs on the brush border membrane of the convoluted segment of the proximal tubule. (medscape.com)

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) adapt to tissue physiology and contribute to immunity, inflammatory pathology and metabolism. (elifesciences.org)
This important study describes the protective role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in tissue physiology and contributes to immunity, inflammatory pathology, and metabolism in maintaining homeostasis during pregnancy. (elifesciences.org)

They respond to IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP and produce both amphiregulin, which is involved in tissue repair, and classical type-2 cytokines including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. (elifesciences.org)
SLC4 family members differ in their substrate dependence, charge transport stoichiometry, and tissue expression. (tcdb.org)

However, the codon 206 polymorphism may be related to the interindividual variation in fasting and oral glucose-induced serum insulin levels. (diabetesjournals.org)
In type 1 diabetes, there is a lack of insulin production, in type 2 diabetes, resistance of the effect of insulin is predominant. (scirp.org)

For over 50 years, glucose has been recognised to cross the lung epithelial barrier and be transported by lung epithelial cells. (ersjournals.com)
In primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) with 16.6±0.4 mM glucose in the basolateral medium, ASL glucose was 2.2±0.5 mM [ 11 ]. (ersjournals.com)

The role of zinc deficiency which could at least potentially exacerbate the cytokinine-induced damage in autoimmune attack which destroys the islet cell in type 1 diabetes is still not clear. (scirp.org)

stream Reductions in the expression levels of these receptors resulted in decreased cholesterol efflux to apoA-I and HDL.163 Further, consistent with other studies,165-169 it was found that diabetes mellitus enhanced both atherosclerosis progression and impaired regression and that global deletion of RAGE overcame these defects by restoration of ABCA1 and ABCG1, promoting macrophage CEC despite ongoing hyperglycemia.163,170. (skanestugan.se)
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are also more common across type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. (karger.com)
Vitamin D deficiency also contributes to many extraskeletal outcomes, including higher risk of type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus, allergy, autoimmunity, pregnancy complications, and many other pathologies. (karger.com)

Although the pattern of inheritance that best fits FRG is one of co-dominance, increased glucose excretion was not observed in all individuals with similar or identical mutations. (medscape.com)
Two recent clinical studies evaluating thiamine supplements to correct thiamine loss in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria showed decreased urinary albumin excretion and reversal of microalbuminuria. (larkinweb.co.uk)

In another study, [3] has shown that malabsorption of zinc results in various types of disorders including the dermal, gastrointestinal, neurological and immunological abnormalities. (scirp.org)

It helps to maintain glucose homeostasis by at least two mechanisms. (medscape.com)
Understanding of mechanisms underlying lung glucose homeostasis could identify new therapeutic targets for control of ASL glucose and prevention and treatment of lung infection. (ersjournals.com)

Our understanding of the role of glucose transport in the lung and the mechanisms that regulate glucose movement across the human lung epithelium lags far behind that of the gut and kidney. (ersjournals.com)

The gene is mapped to chromosome 20q12-q13.1, a region that has been shown to be linked to type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
FRG is a rare disorder due mainly to mutations in the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 gene ( SGLT2 ) that are responsible for the majority of cases. (medscape.com)
We show that mouse uterine ILC2s have a heightened type-2 gene signature and expand during pregnancy. (elifesciences.org)
Absence of ILC2s leads to utero-placental abnormalities, including poor vascular remodelling, increased Il1b and decreased Il4, Il5 , and Il13 gene expression, and reduced alternative activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. (elifesciences.org)
Mutations in the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 gene are responsible for the majority of cases. (medscape.com)

Glucose diffuses into ASL via paracellular pathways at a rate determined by paracellular permeability and the transepithelial glucose gradient. (ersjournals.com)
Glucose diffusion is determined by epithelial permeability to glucose, the transepithelial glucose gradient and surface area. (ersjournals.com)

Under normal circumstances, the kidney filters and reabsorbs 100% of glucose, approximately 180 g (1 mole) of glucose, each day. (medscape.com)
Kidney Blood Press Res (2021) 46 (2): 152-161. (karger.com)
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) represent a relatively new class of oral glucose-lowering agents that reduce adverse cardiovascular and kidney outcomes among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (lww.com)

None of the variants were associated with type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
Mutation in ZnT8 has been associated with type 2 diabetes. (scirp.org)

except during pregnancy, when it may increase) with glucose present in all urine samples. (medscape.com)
The urine should contain glucose as the only source of carbohydrate, and individuals should have normal carbohydrate storage and use. (medscape.com)

Group 2 ILCs (ILC2s), are characterized by the transcription factor GATA-3 and the IL-33 specific receptor ST-2. (elifesciences.org)

Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a non-essential amino acid mainly obtained through diet in humans. (jomes.org)
2 , 3 Taurine is considered a non-essential amino acid in rodents, an essential amino acid in cats, and a conditionally essential amino acid in humans. (jomes.org)

1][2][3] The protective functions of HDL are due to its role in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) but also may be related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. (skanestugan.se)
In the distal lung, glucose transport via sodium-coupled glucose transporters predominates. (ersjournals.com)
It is only recently that we and others have begun to investigate glucose transport as an important mechanism for maintaining a nutrient-depleted environment in the lung lumen to limit the growth of pathogenic organisms. (ersjournals.com)

Both types have the same long-term complications. (scirp.org)

Northern hybridization analysis indicates highest levels of expression in liver and pancreas ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
DNA, is preferred when demand for expression is rare, whereas an sources present at levels that are perturbed at some point in time activating mode is preferred in the opposite situation [8]. (lu.se)
While the total calcitriol levels double in the first trimester, free calcitriol levels do not increase until the third trimester, and remain so into lactation [2, 4] . (who.int)
Conversely, parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels decrease early on and increase back to mid-normal range by term [2 ]. (who.int)
The changes in calcitriol levels led to the description of pregnancy as a state of absorptive hypercalciuria [1 , 2 ]. (who.int)

In health individuals this equates to a blood glucose concentration of approximately 200mg/dL (11mmol/L), which is believed to be threshold for the appearance of glucosuria. (medscape.com)

Results obtained showed a negative correlation between level of glucose and zinc. (scirp.org)

Total calcium level decreases during pregnancy, due to hemodilution, while the ionized calcium level remains stable [2 ]. (who.int)

Elevated ASL glucose in intensive care patients was associated with increased Staphylococcus aureus infection. (ersjournals.com)
Patients with DN were more likely to have zinc deficiency and lower expression of Nrf2. (nature.com)
In this study, we sought to determine whether zinc deficiency affected Nrf2 expression in patients with DN and to ascertain the clinical and pathological features of DN patients with zinc deficiency. (nature.com)

Anatomy26

Organisms15

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs130

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment23

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes43

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science3

Sodium-dependent glucose1

Facilitative7

GLUT3

SGLT4

Genes4

Intestinal11

Concentrations10

Luminal1

MRNA1

Kidneys8

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase1

Mmol3

Renal6

Apical1

Protein5

Intracellular2

Gluconeogenesis1

Absorption1

Uptake2

GLUT12

Plasma glucose2

GLUT21

Diabetic3

Proteins2

Tubule3

Metabolism2

Tissue2

Insulin2

Epithelial cells2

Islet cell1

Diabetes mellitus3

Excretion2

Malabsorption1

Homeostasis2

Epithelium1

Gene5

Permeability2

Kidney3

Associated with type 2 diabet2

Urine2

Receptor1

Amino2

Transport3

Complications1

Levels5

Blood1

Correlation1

Stable1

Patients3