• Although the role of P-glycoprotein in tumor blood vessels needs to be further examined and more clearly defined, drug resistance in malignant primary brain tumors may result from characteristics not solely of neoplastic cells but also tumor vasculature. (mssm.edu)
  • Indeed, early cancer research focused on the fact that neoplastic cells have aberrant gene expression and differentiation states, pointing to shared mechanisms between normal development and cancer ( 2 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Several neoplastic diseases can be cured with drugs alone or with a combination of drugs and other treatment modalities. (doctorlib.info)
  • Because we showed that integration neither affects the levels of viral genes, nor those of virally disrupted human genes, a genome-wide screen was performed to identify human genes which expression is influenced by viral integration and have clinical relevance. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cancer cells exposed to antitumor drugs may be directly induced to express a subset of genes that could confer resistance, thus allowing some cells to escape killing and form the relapsed resistant tumor. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Alternatively, some cancer cells may be expressing an array of genes that could confer intrinsic resistance, and exposure to cytotoxic drugs select for the survival of these cells that form the relapsed tumor. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Our results showed that transient treatment with doxorubicin altered the expression of a diverse group of genes in a time-dependent manner. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • A subset of the induced genes was also found to be constitutively overexpressed in cells selected for resistance to doxorubicin. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • This distinct set of overlapping genes may represent the signature profile of doxorubicin-induced gene expression and resistance in cancer cells. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Altered expressions of microRNAs also silence or activate many genes in progression to cancer (see microRNAs in cancer). (wikipedia.org)
  • In cancers, loss of expression of genes occurs about 10 times more frequently by transcription silencing (caused by promoter hypermethylation of CpG islands) than by mutations. (wikipedia.org)
  • On average, each microRNA represses or inhibits transcriptional expression of several hundred target genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • JQ1 treatment resulted in significant changes in expression of genes that play important roles in glioblastoma such as c-Myc, p21(CIP1/WAF1), hTERT, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In each category, studies related to growth control genes, cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA repair genes, antioxidant and drug detoxification genes, genes of drug metabolizing enzymes, tissue remodeling genes and genes of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity were discussed separately. (researchsquare.com)
  • 3. Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes Among Escherichia coli in the Gut of Healthy People in Fuzhou, China. (whocc.org.cn)
  • P53 is a tumor suppressor gene that codes for a transcription factor that regulates the expression of other genes and arrests the cell cycle. (doctorlib.info)
  • Sunlight regulated the expression of genes involved in synthesis/accumulation of flavonoids and sugars and genes functioning in nutrient uptake and transport, leading to asymmetric distribution of these substances. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several lines of evidence have suggested that the expression of Nanog is closely related to tumorigenesis, tumor metastasis, and distant recurrence after treatment [17]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Treatment of children with high-risk neuroblastoma remains largely unsuccessful, because of metastasis and treatment resistance, and is a serious clinical problem. (lu.se)
  • These PDXs display invasive growth, spontaneous metastasis, and recapitulate the histology, protein marker expression, and clinically important gene copy number changes of the original tumors. (lu.se)
  • Liver cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm worldwide [ 1 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Esophageal cancer is the common malignant neoplasm, which arises from the mucosa or gland of the esophagus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Both drug candidates suggest that inhibition of BRD4 is not deleterious to humans. (moffitt.org)
  • Moffitt lead compounds show improved half lives compared to the parent molecule fedratinib, and show promising results in pre-clinical models of JAK2-driven myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) resulting in about 99% tumor cell growth suppression. (moffitt.org)
  • 17. GATA1 Expression in BCR/ABL1-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. (whocc.org.cn)
  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant neoplasms with poor prognosis and high frequency of recurrence[1], accounting for 600,000 mortalities per year worldwide. (researchsquare.com)
  • 1986. A retrospective study on malignant neoplasms of bladder, lung, and liver in Blackfoot disease endemic area in Taiwan. (cdc.gov)
  • Altered microRNA expression occurs through hyper/hypo-methylation of CpG sites in CpG islands in promoters controlling transcription of the microRNAs. (wikipedia.org)
  • For more than 20 years, microRNAs have been known to act in the cytoplasm to degrade transcriptional expression of specific target gene messenger RNAs (see microRNA history). (wikipedia.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), single-stranded RNA molecules with 19~25 nucleotides in length, are recognized as key modulators governing multiple gene expression via binding to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNA at the posttranscriptional level [ 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The ILC cell lines MDA-MB-134-VI, SUM44PE, and BCK4 were used to assess WNT4 gene expression and regulation, as well as the role of WNT4 in estrogen-regulated proliferation. (nih.gov)
  • ILC-LTED cells remained dependent on WNT4 for proliferation, by either maintaining ER function and WNT4 regulation or uncoupling WNT4 from ER and upregulating WNT4 expression. (nih.gov)
  • The effect of regulated expression of the miRNA on cell migration, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis was examined by wound healing, transwell assays, CCK-8 assays, colony formation and flow cytometry assays, respectively. (oncotarget.com)
  • Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS. (lookformedical.com)
  • CD24, a cell surface receptor enriched in both juvenile chondrocytes and human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived chondrocytes, is a regulatory factor in both faster proliferation and resistance to proinflammatory cues in these chondrocyte populations. (cusabio.com)
  • One study further identified that WISP2 expression was enhanced by serum and correlated with serum-induced cell proliferation in breast cancer cells, demonstrating that WISP2 could enhance cell proliferation in breast cancer [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Renal cell carcinoma, the most common neoplasm of adult kidney, accounts for about 3% of adult malignancies and is usually highly resistant to conventional therapy. (univ-lille.fr)
  • Using a cohort of 99 primary renal cell carcinoma samples, we showed that miR-21 expression in cancer tissues was higher than in adjacent non-tumor tissues whereas no significant difference was observed with stages, grades, and metastatic outcome. (univ-lille.fr)
  • Upregulation of AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 expression in OPSCC with integrated HPV16 and HPV-negative tumors is an indicator of poor prognosis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Specifically, the use of leukocyte-derived membrane proteins to functionalize nanovesicles (leukosomes) can enable their long circulation and target the inflamed endothelium present in many inflammatory pathologies and tumors, making them a promising and versatile drug delivery system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Extending these promising findings to solid tumors faces substantial hurdles from drug uptake to clinical trial design. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We combine next generation sequencing, in vitro drug testing , cell- and molecular biology techniques, in vivo drug testing and advanced in vivo imaging to understand and target metastatic and treatment resistant tumors. (lu.se)
  • In this article, we summarize the regulation mechanism of melanogenesis and review existing cases of hair repigmentation caused by several factors, including monoclonal antibodies drugs, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), immunomodulators, other drugs, micro-injury, and tumors, and speculate on the mechanisms behind them. (bvsalud.org)
  • The T-lineage phenotype in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is associated with in vitro drug resistance and a higher relapse-risk compared to a precursor B phenotype. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
  • These five coding alterations seem to occur more frequently in T-ALL (13%) than controls (5%, P = 0.06), but did not associate with altered expression levels of ATM or in vitro resistance to daunorubicin. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
  • A second cell cycle regulator, p57Kip2, is also subject to epigenetic silencing in carboplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo, emphasising that cell cycle regulators are important determinants of sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents and providing insights into the phenomenon of collateral drug sensitivity in oncology. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Arylamine N-acetyltransferase-1 is highly expressed in breast cancers and conveys enhanced growth and resistance to etoposide in vitro. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Overexpression of TERT712, a telomerase activity-deficient form of TERT, in U87MG cells promoted cell self-renewal in vitro, and induced EGFR expression and formation of gliomas exhibiting cellular heterogeneity in vivo. (korea.ac.kr)
  • To assess these mechanisms in the context of endocrine resistance, we developed novel ILC endocrine-resistant long-term estrogen-deprived (ILC-LTED) models. (nih.gov)
  • Our studies demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining potential molecular profile or fingerprint of anticancer drugs in cancer cells by cDNA microarray, which might yield further insights into the mechanisms of drug resistance and suggest alternative methods of treatment. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • We have studied the transgenic mouse strain, Tyrp-1-TAg, to try to gain insight into possible molecular mechanisms common to pigmented ocular neoplasms occurring spontaneously in the eyes of these mice and human choroidal melanoma. (molvis.org)
  • Combining drugs with different mechanisms of action can produce larger therapeutic effects with fewer side effects. (doctorlib.info)
  • Although the genome of C. jejuni has been pVir to the clinical expression of the disease in gastroen- sequenced (10), its mechanisms of pathogenicity remain teritis. (cdc.gov)
  • In particular we are interested in unravelling the biological mechanisms that drive clonal evolution, the emergence of drug resistance, and the role of tumor heterogeneity in these processes, ultimately leading to new effective therapies. (lu.se)
  • For chemotherapy drugs, one of the best characterized resistance mechanisms is overexpression of MDR1 , a cell membrane transporter that causes efflux of certain drugs (eg, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, anthracyclines). (msdmanuals.com)
  • More commonly, multidrug regimens incorporating drugs with different mechanisms of action and different toxicities are used to increase efficacy, reduce dose-related toxicity, and decrease the probability of drug resistance. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 2006). A strong glutathione S-transferase inhibitor overcomes the P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance in tumor cells - 6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio)hexanol (NBDHEX) triggers a caspase-dependent apoptosis in MDR1-expressing leukemia cells. (torvergata.it)
  • Sorafenib, an orally active multikinase inhibitor, is a potent first-line drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced HCC [ 5 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • A&G Pharmaceutical Inc. has discovered a novel target that plays a critical role in tumor growth, survival and resistance to current therapies. (inknowvation.com)
  • Due to the metastatic incidence at diagnosis, drug resistance after chemotherapy and recurrence after surgery, long-term survival is still low in patients with esophageal cancer [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Multidrug resistance for many types of cancer outside the central nervous system (CNS) has been found to be due to the overexpression of the multidrug resistance gene MDR1, of which the gene-product P-glycoprotein acts as a membrane-bound efflux pump for many anticancer drugs. (mssm.edu)
  • Analysis of the effect of active NAT-1 overexpression in a normal luminal epithelial-derived cell line demonstrated enhanced growth properties and etoposide resistance relative to control cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Galectin-1 knockdown reduced sorafenib resistance in Huh-7/SR cells, whereas Galectin-1 overexpression in Huh-7 cells increased sorafenib resistance. (aging-us.com)
  • Galectin-1 overexpression promoted the phosphorylation of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase (AXL) and MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) signaling, which increased sorafenib resistance. (aging-us.com)
  • His studies in Computational biology integrate themes in fields like Regulation of gene expression, Messenger RNA, Bioinformatics and Genomics. (research.com)
  • Hereditary Predisposition to Hematopoietic Neoplasms: When Bloodline Matters for Blood Cancers. (cdc.gov)
  • Overall, our study offers a novel conceptual framework for biomimetic NPs using a DoE strategy and consolidates the high therapeutic potential of leukosomes as a viable drug delivery system for anti-inflammatory and antineoplastic applications. (frontiersin.org)
  • Our results demonstrated that miR-31reduced significantly in GBC cells rendering resistance to cisplatin, and upregulated expression of miR-31 augmented chemosensitivity, presenting a therapeutic potential to overcome drug resistance in GBC. (oncotarget.com)
  • Consequently, Galectin-1 is a promising therapeutic target for reducing sorafenib resistance and sorafenib-mediated ferroptosis in patients with HCC. (aging-us.com)
  • The results indicate that therapeutic drugs induce a migratory EMT phenotype that may facilitate the interaction of AML cells with microglial cells. (assignology.com)
  • Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is an epigenetic regulator that controls the expression of oncogenes such as c-Myc and Bcl-2. (moffitt.org)
  • Gallbladder cancer (GBC), a highly aggressive and the most widespread neoplasm of the biliary tract, is clinically characterized by late diagnosis and high recurrence after surgery [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Although the incidence of CRC has decreased, current treatments have serious side effects, with a recurrence rate of more than 50%, mainly due to resistance to conventional chemotherapy drugs[3, 4]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Some cases have been associated with resistance to radiotherapy or chemotherapy and local recurrence. (researchsquare.com)
  • METHODS: By immunohistochemistry, HDAC1 protein expression was investigated in human prostate specimens and the CWR22 mouse xenograft model. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, the sensitivity and specificity of these methods still do not surpass 90%, restricting them from being used as a supplement to current pathological assessments (e.g., biopsy or surgery) to predict Ki-67 expression accurately. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, NAT-1 may not only play a role in the development of cancers through enhanced mutagenesis but may also contribute to the resistance of some cancers to cytotoxic drugs. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cytotoxic drugs damage DNA and kill many normal cells as well as cancer cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Our study was aimed to investigate whether mutations in the ATM gene occur in childhood T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) that are linked to drug resistance and clinical outcome. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
  • Aim-2: Establish the HNMT-HR cell-xenografted tumor model for drug screening Herceptin-induced the HNMT/HER2 complex can be used as a predictor for clinical applications. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The functional and clinical significance of the identified mutations was examined using a combination of population-based whole genome sequencing, targeted deep sequencing, multi-center analysis of protein expression, loss of function experiments in an in-vivo reporter assay and mammalian models, and gain of function experiments in primary cultured fallopian tube epithelial (FTE) cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Clinical trials are ongoing for cancer therapy with benzimidazole drugs. (cures.news)
  • Prognostic model for multiple myeloma progression integrating gene expression and clinical features. (cdc.gov)
  • Kinetic data indicate a similar NBDHEX membrane permeability between multidrug resistance cells and their sensitive counterpart revealing that NBDHEX is not a substrate of the P-glycoprotein export pump. (torvergata.it)
  • The increased susceptibility of the multidrug resistance cells toward the NBDHEX action may be related to a lower content of glutathione S-transferase P1-1. (torvergata.it)
  • 15. Determining Genotypic Drug Resistance by Ion Semiconductor Sequencing With the Ion AmpliSeq™ TB Panel in Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates. (whocc.org.cn)
  • Multidrug regimens typically are given as repetitive cycles of a fixed combination of drugs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although these enzymes play clear cytoprotective roles and deal effectively with carbonyl stress, their upregulation by the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway also has a potential dark-side, which can lead to chemotherapeutic drug resistance and the metabolic activation of lung carcinogens (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons). (nih.gov)
  • We will determine if AG1 combined with each chemotherapeutic drug will potentiate its effect. (inknowvation.com)
  • Using ILC cell lines, we previously demonstrated that ER regulates a distinct gene expression program in ILC cells, and we hypothesized that these ER-driven pathways modulate the endocrine response in ILC. (nih.gov)
  • These findings indicate that Galectin-1 regulates sorafenib resistance in HCC cells through AXL and MET signaling. (aging-us.com)
  • Aldo-Keto Reductase Regulation by the Nrf2 System: Implications for Stress Response, Chemotherapy Drug Resistance, and Carcinogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Increased expression of iASPP also confers resistance to ultraviolet radiation and to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cell apoptosis and DDP-chemosensitivity was remarkably increased by knockdown of Src proto-oncogene (Src) expression, which was subsequently reversed by rescue of Src expression in miR-31-expressing cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Interestingly, leukemia MDR1-expressing cells show lower LC50 values and a higher degree of apoptosis and caspase-3 activity than their drug-sensitive counterparts. (torvergata.it)
  • Single drugs may cure selected cancers (eg, choriocarcinoma, hairy cell leukemia). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cells genetically engineered for Akt hyperactivation or p53/Rb inactivation did not compromise JQ1 efficacy, suggesting that these frequently mutated signaling pathways may not confer resistance to JQ1. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Year-1: Validation of HNMT as a predictive marker for Herceptin-Resistance (HR) in breast cancer patients Aim 1: Determination of the HNMT and HER2 mRNA expression level in BC cells 1. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Results: Our results revealed that the Nanog mRNA expression level in CCSCs was higher than that in HCT-116 cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • One protein, the expression of which was elevated in invasive ductal and lobular breast carcinomas when compared with normal breast tissue, was arylamine N-acetyltransferase-1 (NAT-1), a Phase II drug-metabolizing enzyme. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the latter case, WNT4 expression was driven by activated nuclear factor kappa-B signaling in ILC-LTED cells. (nih.gov)
  • WNT4 drives a novel signaling pathway in ILC cells, with a critical role in estrogen-induced growth that may also mediate endocrine resistance. (nih.gov)
  • We have used cDNA microarray to monitor the expression profiles of MCF-7 cells that are either transiently treated with doxorubicin or selected for resistance to doxorubicin. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • The development of biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) has revolutionized the concept of nanomedicine by offering a completely new set of biocompatible materials to formulate innovative drug delivery systems capable of imitating the behavior of cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Induction of differentiation and TERT-knockdown in glioma stem cells led to a marked reduction in EGFR expression, cancer stemness, and anticancer drug resistance. (korea.ac.kr)
  • Nanog plays key role in maintaining CSC status and evasive resistance to conventional chemotherapy in bladder cancer stem cells and lung cancer stem cells [18, 19]. (researchsquare.com)
  • In our previous study, we found that Nanog mRNA expression in colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs) was higher than that in the total CRC cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • Cells have built in machinery to turn off and on gene expression permanently. (aacrjournals.org)
  • A synergistic increase in cell killing occurs when myeloproliferative neoplasm primary cells are treated in combination with BRD4 and JAK2 inhibitors, or when AML cell lines are treated with inhibitors of BRD4 and FLT3. (moffitt.org)
  • JAK2-driven cells show no resistance to dual inhibitors, while the same cells develop rapid resistance to Ruxolitinib and Fedratinib. (moffitt.org)
  • benzimidazole drugs are also found to prevent the radiation-induced transformation of cancer cells into radiation-resistant cells, and furthermore sensitize some drug-resistant cells. (cures.news)
  • Herein, we established a sorafenib-resistant HCC cell line (Huh-7/SR) and determined that Galectin-1 expression was significantly higher in Huh-7/SR cells than in parent cells. (aging-us.com)
  • This led us to hypothesize that the absence of SMAD1 expression in HRS cells may mechanistically be linked to their resistance to the tumor-suppressive effects of TGF-β. (haematologica.org)
  • The ideal drug would target only cancer cells and have no adverse effects on normal cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Although older chemotherapeutic drugs are often toxic to normal cells, advances in genetics and cellular and molecular biology have led to development of more selective drugs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In contrast, other drugs (eg, DNA cross-linkers, also known as alkylating agents) have a linear dose-response relationship, killing more cancer cells at higher doses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Polo Like Kinase 2 Tumour Suppressor and cancer biomarker: new perspectives on drug sensitivity/resistance in ovarian cancer. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Methods: To investigate whether Nanog plays a crucial role in maintaining the stemness of colorectal CSCs (CCSCs), RNA interference was used to downregulate Nanog expression in the CRC stem cell line, EpCAM + CD44 + HCT-116. (researchsquare.com)
  • The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. (lookformedical.com)
  • and mebendazole in combination with other antiprotozoal agents including albendazole for neoplasm therapy is in Phase 2 (NCT02366884). (cures.news)
  • Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: expression profile of targets for therapy offers new insights for disease treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
  • We also demonstrated upregulation of ETS-1 and ETS-2 target expressions in Tyrp-1-TAg mice when comparing with the same target expressions in control mice. (molvis.org)
  • This class of carcinogens includes various hormones (e.g., estrogen and diethylstilbestrol), immunosuppressive drugs (e.g., azathioprine), solid-state carcinogens (e.g., asbestos), and promoting agents (agents that increase tumor development when given after a genotoxic chemical). (doctorlib.info)
  • Aquaglyceroporin AQP9: solute permeation and metabolic control of expression in liver. (cdc.gov)
  • RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the quality and diagnostic accuracy of MRI-based radiomics for predicting Ki-67 expression in breast cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis showed that MRI-based radiomics has a good diagnostic accuracy in differentiating breast cancer patients with high Ki-67 expression from low-expressing groups. (bvsalud.org)
  • Distinct Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Subsets Mediate Anti-HER2 Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer. (duke.edu)
  • Gene expression assay in the management of early breast cancer. (nature.com)