• JAM3 knockdown additionally inhibited trophoblast proliferation and increased the number of trophoblasts in the sub-G1 and G2/M phases, indicating cell-cycle disturbance and apoptosis. (bioone.org)
  • BRAF is a protein kinase and part of the MAP kinase signalling cascade which involves transduction of a growth signal from the cell membrane to the nucleus via a chain of protein kinases and is responsible for cellular proliferation and survival. (hindawi.com)
  • Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, most of our knowledge about cell proliferation comes from studies that average data from large and mixed cell populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • In order to investigate changes resulting from exposure to tensile stretch, we first looked at changes in proliferation and expression of a few cellular markers associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). (ku.edu)
  • We found that a tensile force significantly reduces cellular proliferation and causes significant shifts in cell cycle distribution. (ku.edu)
  • Genes clustering in the categories fatty acid beta oxidation, cell adhesion, DNA replication and polyamine biosynthesis were up-regulated indicating increased lipolysis, cell attachment, proliferation and growth. (wada-ama.org)
  • Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • However, a function for SET8 in mammalian cell proliferation has not been determined. (rupress.org)
  • We show that small interfering RNA inhibition of SET8 expression leads to decreased cell proliferation and accumulation of cells in S phase. (rupress.org)
  • AMPK deficient cells showed impairment of the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint, and were unable to support long-term proliferation during starvation following radiation. (ucsc.edu)
  • To investigate the effects of silibinin on the growth of oral cancer cells, cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony formation tests were conducted on YD10B and Ca9-22 oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Silibinin effectively suppressed YD10B and Ca9-22 cell proliferation and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. (jcancer.org)
  • Inhibitory effect of EESR on cancer cell growth and proliferation was determined by water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay. (jcpjournal.org)
  • EESR possessing antioxidant activity efficiently inhibits proliferation of HT29 cells by inducing both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (jcpjournal.org)
  • 6 , 7 Therefore, the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis is being an important preventive strategy against cancer. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Furthermore, the expression of the CYCA gene (involved in cell cycle and proliferation) was significantly downregulated in NAV and TDL isolates. (unav.edu)
  • New anticancer therapy strategies refer to the inhibition of CDK-cyclin complexes as an important target to prevent uncontrolled proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Natural polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, play essential roles in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • One factor supposed to be involved in self-renewal is the rapid proliferation rate of ES cells, which is coupled to an unusual cell cycle distribution with the majority of cells in S-phase and a very short G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Generally, cells have to closely coordinate growth and cell cycle progression during proliferation to prevent premature division. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Moreover, a putative crosstalk between ribosome biogenesis and proliferation of ES cells was assessed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Further, impaired proliferation of ES cells was observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Thus, the PeBoW-complex seems to be an essential factor for the rapid proliferation of ES cells and might therefore also be involved in self-renewal. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Overall, the results suggest that ES cells use different mechanisms as mature cells to coordinate their proliferation rate with ribosome biogenesis. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Materials and Methods: The suppression effects of propofol on the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells were analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation and Transwell invasion assay. (aging-us.com)
  • In colorectal cancer, propofol inhibits cancer cells proliferation and metastasis by regulating miR-124-3p.1/AKT3 [ 13 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Furthermore, knockdown of Foxa2 leads to defects in cell cycle regulation, suggesting a possible function of Foxa2 in the control of cell proliferation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
  • To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
  • This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
  • ZBTB46 is a shear-sensitive transcription factor inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation via gene expression regulation of cell cycle proteins. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
  • Cell cycle checkpoints are control mechanisms in the eukaryotic cell cycle which ensure its proper progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each checkpoint serves as a potential termination point along the cell cycle, during which the conditions of the cell are assessed, with progression through the various phases of the cell cycle occurring only when favorable conditions are met. (wikipedia.org)
  • Progression through these checkpoints is largely determined by the activation of cyclin-dependent kinases by regulatory protein subunits called cyclins, different forms of which are produced at each stage of the cell cycle to control the specific events that occur therein. (wikipedia.org)
  • As the eukaryotic cell cycle is a complex process, eukaryotes have evolved a network of regulatory proteins, known as the cell cycle control system, which monitors and dictates the progression of the cell through the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Those complexes, in turn, activate different downstream targets to promote or prevent cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • The three pocket proteins are Retinoblastoma (Rb), p107, and p130, which bind to the E2F transcription factors to prevent progression past the G1 checkpoint. (wikipedia.org)
  • p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were not significantly associated with response to chemotherapy, time to progression, or overall survival in the whole patient population or in the docetaxel group. (lu.se)
  • We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
  • The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this dissertation, I explore the mechanisms that coordinate and regulate cell-cycle progression in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (duke.edu)
  • Furthermore, we find that SET8 interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen through a conserved motif, and SET8 is required for DNA replication fork progression. (rupress.org)
  • 12 The activation of cyclin/CDK complex accelerates cell cycle progression, which are regulated by phosphorylation. (jcpjournal.org)
  • In addition, Kevetrin increased expression of p53 target genes such as p21 (Waf1), an inhibitor of cell cycle progression. (shu.edu)
  • Increased levels of polyamines in cells are considered to be involved in cancer progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The role of cell cycle checkpoint proteins is to integrate internal and external factors to determine whether the cell is prepared for progression of the cell cycle. (ptgcn.com)
  • We also observe that β-catenin and Foxa2 expression levels are augmented in the human specimens of complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia, which is considered to have a greater risk of progression to EACs. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thus, our study indicates that β-catenin regulates Foxa2 expression, and this interaction is possibly essential to control cell cycle progression during endometrial hyperplasia formation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • An increase in the expression of the human NEK2 gene is strongly associated with the progression of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. (umbc.edu)
  • Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. (hindawi.com)
  • The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
  • AND c) Participant with EGFR sensitizing mutation or BRAF mutation or ALK/ROS alterations must be able to demonstrate progression of the disease on approved treatments for these conditions, in addition to platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor. (who.int)
  • Cancer cells that are defective in p53 function are deficient in their ability to transcriptionally upregulate the CDK inhibitor p21 after genotoxic stress. (nature.com)
  • Here, we investigate amplification events that underlie resistance to the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244/ARRY-142886) in COLO205 cells, a well-characterized model for reproducible emergence of drug resistance, and show that amplifications acquired are the primary cause of resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • AMPK was required for IR induced expression of the mTOR inhibitor REDD1, indicating that AMPK restrains mTOR activity through multiple mechanisms. (ucsc.edu)
  • EESR induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner by modulating cyclin B, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and CDK inhibitor p21 expression. (jcpjournal.org)
  • 13 The expression of CDK inhibitor p21 is upregulated by activated p53, resulting in the suppression of G2/M transition by the inactivation of cyclin/CDK complex. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Purvalanol, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is referred to as a strong apoptotic inducer which causes cell cycle arrest in various cancer cells such as prostate, breast and colon cancer cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Treatment of mouse NIH3T3 cells with 5FU, a potent inhibitor of rRNA maturation, confirmed an activation of this checkpoint, leading to weak induction of the tumor suppressor p53, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21, an increase in active, hypo-phosphorylated Rb, and to accumulation of cells in the G1- and S-phase with an increase of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Treating SCCHN cell lines with a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor resulted in defective cytokinesis, polyploidy and apoptosis, which was effective irrespective of the EGFR status. (oncotarget.com)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
  • This is the "first global phase III trial using an immune checkpoint inhibitor to show a disease-free survival outcome in early stage NSCLC," said lead researcher Heather Wakelee, MD, professor of medicine and chief of the Division of Oncology at Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California. (medscape.com)
  • Compared to the eukaryotic cell cycle, the prokaryotic cell cycle (known as binary fission) is relatively simple and quick: the chromosome replicates from the origin of replication, a new membrane is assembled, and the cell wall forms a septum which divides the cell into two. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cell cycle checkpoints play an important role in the control system by sensing defects that occur during essential processes such as DNA replication or chromosome segregation, and inducing a cell cycle arrest in response until the defects are repaired. (wikipedia.org)
  • TP53 inhibition allows LINE-1 + cells to grow, and genome-wide-knockout screens show that these cells require replication-coupled DNA-repair pathways, replication-stress signaling and replication-fork restart factors. (nih.gov)
  • Our findings demonstrate that LINE-1 expression creates specific molecular vulnerabilities and reveal a retrotransposition-replication conflict that may be an important determinant of cancer growth. (nih.gov)
  • Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • SET8 depletion causes DNA damage specifically during replication, which induces a Chk1-mediated S-phase checkpoint. (rupress.org)
  • STARD12 co-expressed genes participated in cell cycle and DNA replication, and STARD14 were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. (medsci.org)
  • The cell cycle, or cell-division cycle, is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication) to produce two daughter cells. (ptgcn.com)
  • We propose a model where caspase-2 regulates the cell cycle and protects DNA replication forks to prevent DNA damage accrual in a pathway distinct from its apoptotic role. (nature.com)
  • In our paper published in Oncogene [6], we show that caspase-2 plays an essential role in regulating normal cell division by protecting DNA replication forks from replication stress. (nature.com)
  • We show that caspase-2 protects cells from a range of S-phase-related defects, including delayed exit from S-phase, increased stalled replication forks, increased new replication origins, and decreased repair of S-phase-associated chromosomal aberrations [6]. (nature.com)
  • However, we did not observe any MDM2 cleavage or caspase-2-dependent p21 expression following exposure to DNA damage or replication stress. (nature.com)
  • This may suggest that caspase-2 activates a non-canonical replication checkpoint to facilitate DNA repair. (nature.com)
  • Consistent with this, we noted a caspase-2-dependent slowdown of the cell cycle following mild replication stress. (nature.com)
  • Consistent with our evidence that caspase-2 regulates a replication checkpoint, the chromosomal aberrations detected in caspase-2-deficient cells are not repaired before metaphase. (nature.com)
  • In response to DNA damage, a synthetic lethal relationship exists between the cell cycle checkpoint kinase MK2 and the tumor suppressor p53. (nature.com)
  • Cell-cycle arrest was associated with the engagement of checkpoint kinase 2-cell division cycle 25C-cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B1 signaling. (bioone.org)
  • The activation of the kinase function is then followed by a cascade of protein phosphorylations that promotes the transition through the cell-cycle checkpoint from the G 1 phase into the S phase ( 3 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • 8 , 9 Cell cycle program is regulated by cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are members of the serine-threonine protein kinase family and are responsible for taking control of cell cycle regulation in eukaryotic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This gene, which encodes a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, regulates cell polarity and functions as a tumor suppressor. (cancerindex.org)
  • We analyzed the clinical data and performed immunohistochemistry for Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Aurora kinase A (Aurora-A) expression in 180 SCCHN patients. (oncotarget.com)
  • Comparing pan-Aurora kinase and Aurora-A targeting hints towards a strong and clinically relevant biological effect mediated via Aurora kinase B. Taken together, our findings characterize a new poor risk group in SCCHN patients defined by elevated EGFR and Aurora-A protein expression. (oncotarget.com)
  • The Nek2 subfamily includes Aspergillus nidulans NIMA kinase, the founding member of the Nek family, which was identified in a screen for cell cycle mutants prevented from entering mitosis. (umbc.edu)
  • It also interacts with other mitotic kinases such as Polo-like kinase 1 and may play a role in spindle checkpoint. (umbc.edu)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, compared to normal p53-proficient cells, p53-defective cells are more reliant on MK2 activity, which drives an alternative cell cycle checkpoint pathway that stabilizes the CKI inhibitors p27 Kip1 and Gadd45α in order to maintain G 1 /S and G 2 /M arrest after certain types of DNA damage 16 , 18 . (nature.com)
  • Activated p53 transcriptionally regulates hundreds of genes that are involved in multiple biological processes, including in DNA damage repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence. (nih.gov)
  • In this Review, we discuss the multiple molecular mechanisms of p53 regulation and how they modulate the induction of apoptosis or cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. (nih.gov)
  • We find that nontransformed cells undergo a TP53-dependent growth arrest and activate interferon signaling in response to LINE-1. (nih.gov)
  • Treatment with etoposide consistently induced cell cycle arrest in S/G2/M independent of MA4/A4M expression, revealing a proper activation of the DNA damage checkpoints. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Moreover, it induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis, and ROS generation in these cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Silibinin considerably reduced the development of oral cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, G 0 /G 1 arrest, ROS generation, and activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway. (jcancer.org)
  • To investigate the mechanism of EESR-mediated cytotoxicity, HT29 cells were treated with various concentrations of EESR and the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and Western blot analysis. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Whereas damage signals of cells activate p53 via CHK2 to repair damaged DNA, leading to cell cycle arrest. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Purvalanol is a purine-derived CDKI that binds with a high selectivity and competitively to the ATP binding side of CDK1/2 and leads to G2/M cell cycle arrest ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Although purvalanol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death were demonstrated in prostate ( 5 ), breast ( 6 ) and colon cancer cells ( 7 ), the exact molecular mechanism of purvanol-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated yet. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In mature cells, disruptions in ribosome biogenesis are directly linked to the cell cycle machinery by a p53-dependent activation of the G1/S-phase checkpoint, leading to an arrest of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Impaired ribosome biogenesis is known to activate a p53-dependent checkpoint in mature cell lines, which leads to an arrest of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • It has long been noted that caspase-2-deficient cells proliferate faster [2], and elegant studies have shown that caspase-2 induces cell cycle arrest following cytokinesis failure [5]. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, while caspase-2-deficiency led to an increased proportion of S-phase cells and a progressive decrease in the proportion of G1-phase cells following treatment with arresting concentrations of the DNA damaging agent camptothecin and increased DNA damage following S-phase arrest, overexpression of Bcl-X L did not change the cell cycle profiles or the amount of DNA damage. (nature.com)
  • While other groups have demonstrated non-apoptotic roles for caspase-2 in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest [2], this is the first demonstration that these roles are regulated by a distinct pathway to apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
  • The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
  • SL originally described a relationship between two genes, where alteration of either gene alone results in viable cells, but alteration (mutation, loss, or inhibition) of both genes simultaneously was lethal. (nature.com)
  • Because BRCA mutations are observed in fewer than 10% of cancer patients (cBioPortal: 6.7%) 11 , 12 , 13 the identification of additional genes that share synthetic lethal sensitivity relationships with mutated oncogenes or tumor suppressors would greatly enhance the implementation of tumor cell-specific synthetic lethal sensitivity to improve an anticancer therapeutic response. (nature.com)
  • The E2F gene family is a group of transcription factors that target many genes that are important for control of the cell cycle, including cyclins, CDKs, checkpoint regulators, and DNA repair proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the context of DNA damage, p53 is thought to be a decision-making transcription factor that selectively activates genes as part of specific gene expression programmes to determine cellular outcomes. (nih.gov)
  • One basic problem is how a decrease in tRNA levels, by downregulating Pol III efficiency, influences the expression pattern of protein-coding genes. (mdpi.com)
  • Here, we used quantitative real-time PCR, profiling the expression of 93 genes in single-cells from three different cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we employed single-cell gene expression profiling to describe the dynamic transition between cell proliferative states in three different cell lines using a panel consisting of 93 marker genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Data Mining Tool software (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA) was used to separate genes in clusters based on their expression patterns over time. (cdc.gov)
  • Although the function of these genes varied, these findings provide insight into the effects of OTQ, and emphasize the role of inter-individual variation in gene expression profiles. (cdc.gov)
  • In the first phase of the project cell lines of specific leukocyte subsets (THP-1/monocyte, IM-9/T lymphocyte, H9/B lymphocyte), PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from healthy donors, respectively will be treated in vitro with hgh to identify candidate genes influenced by hghapplication. (wada-ama.org)
  • Whole genome cDNA microarrays as well as oligonucleotide microarrays including leukocyte-relevant genes will be used to characterize potential hgh-specific genes by comparing gene expression profiles of treated and untreated cells. (wada-ama.org)
  • After confirming SSH-genes to be differentially expressed in a series of microarray experiments, oligonucleotide probes will be designed for both SSH-genes and the candidate genes identified along gene expression profiling using whole genome/leukocyte relevant arrays. (wada-ama.org)
  • To this purpose cell lines of specific leukocyte subsets (THP-1/ monocyte, IM-9/ B- lymphocyte, H9/ T-lymphocyte) and PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from healthy donors, respectively were treated in vitro with hgh to identify candidate hgh-sensitive genes. (wada-ama.org)
  • Genes for non-apoptotic cell death and regulation of osmotic pressure were down-regulated. (wada-ama.org)
  • Genes of groups similar to those detected as repressed in H9 cells were also down-regulated in the RA-1 cell line along with genes responsible for muscle development. (wada-ama.org)
  • Interestingly, P-Tex cells expressed CDK4 genes as high as cancer cells, which could be simultaneously inhibited by CDK4 inhibitors and might be a potential reason for the ineffectiveness of CDK4 inhibitors in treating HPV-positive HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
  • No changes in the expression levels of pluripotency-genes like Nanog, KLF4 and Sox2 were observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Several genetic alterations have been described in SCCHN, including mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and mutations in genes that encode cell cycle proteins such as p16 and cyclin D1. (oncotarget.com)
  • We have been interested in how the human HMGB1 gene is regulated as well as how HMGB1 regulates other genes in the cell. (edu.hk)
  • The expression profiles of these two cell lines were compared using cDNA microarray and the genes differentially expressed at a significant level were identified in these two cell lines. (edu.hk)
  • Among these genes, 96 were down regulated and 76 were up regulated in the HMGB1 suppressed MCF-7 cells. (edu.hk)
  • Real-time RT-PCR was also used to check the expression levels of some of the differentially expressed genes. (edu.hk)
  • Furthermore, these genes were classified into 11 functional groups including transcription factors, cell cycle related factors, apoptosis regulators, kinases and metabolism-related proteins, etc. (edu.hk)
  • The expression levels of the p53 and MDM2 genes were found to be significantly lower in the HMGB1 down-regulated MCF-7 cells. (edu.hk)
  • The oncogenic microRNA-27a targets genes that regulate specificity protein transcription factors and the G2-M checkpoint in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • The tumor suppressor p53 transactivates the expression of a number of genes to exert its multifaceted features and in the end maintains genome stability. (aprofarm.org)
  • Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • and the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, also known as the spindle checkpoint. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mechanistically, both peptides caused a significant reduction at G0/G1 phase, in correlation with an augmented expression of the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p53, p27, p21, necrosis, exacerbated generation of reactive oxygen species and diminished mitochondrial membrane potential, all hallmarks of cellular stress. (nature.com)
  • Variation in response to OTQ by each cell strain at the protein level was detected by indirect immunofluorescence and western blot for cell cycle checkpoint proteins p53 and p21. (cdc.gov)
  • This signal transduction pathway is initiated by epidermal growth factor ligands binding to and activating receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) at the cell membrane. (hindawi.com)
  • Thus, TPZ cytotoxicity for neuroblastoma cell lines in hypoxia occurred via a p53-dependent mitochondrial pathway that caused induction of p53 and p21, ΔΨ m decrease, GSH depletion, and apoptosis. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Western blotting revealed that silibinin downregulated SOD1 and SOD2 and triggered the JNK/c-Jun pathway in oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
  • Hence, ribosomal stress does not lead to checkpoint activation via the p53-p21-Rb pathway in ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Following complete resection, 1280 patients were given up to four cycles of adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • a) Having progressive disease during or after platinum-based chemotherapy (at least 2 cycles). (who.int)
  • These findings establish a mechanism for co-targeting DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints in combination with repair of cisplatin-DNA lesions in vivo using RNAi nanocarriers, and motivate further exploration of ASL as a generalized strategy to improve cancer treatment. (nature.com)
  • DNA damage is the main indication for a cell to "restrict" and not enter the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)
  • It has been suggested that MLL fusions render cells susceptible to additional chromosomal damage upon exposure to etoposide. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Recent studies have examined the consequences of epigenetic marks and cell cycle control, which has led to more research regarding cell division cancer, emphasizing the fact that the cell division process requires accurate checkpoints to avoid genetic damage. (ptgcn.com)
  • The key role of checkpoint proteins is to detect DNA damage and send a signal to delay cell cycle advance until the damaged chromosomes are repaired (Figure 1). (ptgcn.com)
  • As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
  • Cytotoxic drugs damage DNA and kill many normal cells as well as cancer cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Olomoucine, roscovitine and purvalanol are examples of CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) designed and investigated for their apoptotic potential on cancer cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Julie R. Gralow, MD, ASCO chief medical officer and executive vice president, said that "immune checkpoint inhibitors have certainly changed the treatment landscape for many types of cancers" and the current study "is the first time we've seen an immunotherapy that's effective in treating early stage NSCLC. (medscape.com)
  • Because most tumors are deficient in one or more aspects of the function of the p53 tumor suppressor, either as a consequence of mutations within p53, or impairment of upstream and downstream modulators of p53 activity 19 , targeting MK2 has the potential to selectively enhance tumor cell killing without increasing the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy on normal p53-wild type tissues. (nature.com)
  • In breast cancer patients, it is unclear whether measuring p53, mdm-2, or p21 expression provides information on how patients will respond to chemotherapy. (lu.se)
  • For chemotherapy drugs, one of the best characterized resistance mechanisms is overexpression of MDR1 , a cell membrane transporter that causes efflux of certain drugs (eg, vinca alkaloids, taxanes, anthracyclines). (msdmanuals.com)
  • We identified a colorectal cancer wherein a fast-growing tumor subclone downregulated LINE-1, prompting us to examine how LINE-1 expression affects cell growth. (nih.gov)
  • p53, mdm-2, p21, and mib-1 expression were assessed by immunohistochemical methods in primary tumors derived from 134 patients who took part in a randomized multicenter trial comparing docetaxel to sequential methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (MF) in advanced breast cancer. (lu.se)
  • We hypothesize that tensile (mechanical) forces applied to two non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, bronchoalveolar H358 cells and alveolar A549 cells, play an important role in determining cellular response to chemotherapeutic agents. (ku.edu)
  • The compelling conclusion that proliferative exhausted T cells are associated with response in HPV+ head and neck cancer is supported by the cohort of 14 patients with paired tumor and adjacent normal tissue and rigorous bioinformatic analysis of nearly 50,000 single CD3+ T cell transcriptomes. (elifesciences.org)
  • The effects of silibinin on the migration and invasion of oral cancer cells were evaluated using transwell assays. (jcancer.org)
  • More than 90% of oral malignant neoplasms are squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), which are among the ten most frequent malignancies in humans and this entity is the eighth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide ( 1 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • The abnormal cell growth is one of the critical characteristics of cancer for invasion or spreading out to other parts of the body. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Cancer cells can grow unusually via limitless number of cell division and can avoid apoptosis. (jcpjournal.org)
  • A proto-oncogene is a gene that becomes an oncogene, a gene that has the potential to cause cancer, through mutations or an increase in expression. (shu.edu)
  • The relationship between p53 and Mdm2 has been shown to be vital to the normal functioning of the human cell, and also has other implications in cancer. (shu.edu)
  • In the present study, our aim was to determine the time-dependent, ER-mediated apoptotic and autophagy induction of purvalanol in HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • HCT 116 colon cancer cells were exposed to purvalanol, which activated ER stress via upregulation of PERK, IRE1α gene expression, eIF-2α phosphorylation and ATF-6 cleavage at early time-points in the HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The results were validated both by gene expression analysis and immunohistochemistry study in an independent 55 clinical samples from Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. (cancerindex.org)
  • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85-90% of cases, while lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype [ 2 ]. (medsci.org)
  • The anti-cancer impact of propofol on cervical cancer cells growth in vivo was determined by means of xenograft tumor model and lung metastasis model. (aging-us.com)
  • Propofol treatment decreased the expression of MIR155HG in cervical cancer cells. (aging-us.com)
  • Consistently, the results from in vivo xenograft model indicated that propofol repressed cervical cancer cells growth and decreased the expression of MIR155HG in vivo . (aging-us.com)
  • Conclusions: Altogether, these results indicated that propofol restrained the growth and invasion of cervical cancer cells partly via regulating MIR155HG expression. (aging-us.com)
  • Metastatic recurrence is a leading cause of cancer-associated death, and cancer cell migration is the initial step among the metastatic process. (aging-us.com)
  • A growing body of evidence has identified that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays pivotal parts in cancer cell metastatic dissemination via endowing them with a more migrate and invasive trait [ 4 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Prior studies have suggested that propofol (2, 6-diisopropylphenol), one of the most extensively used intravenous anesthetic agents during cancer surgical excision, influences the biological behaviors of cancer cell, including growth, invasiveness, and metastasis [ 10 , 11 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • For example, propofol restrains pancreatic cancer cells growth and metastases via elevating miR-328 and depressing ADAM Metallopeptidase Domain 8 (ADAM8) [ 12 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN) is the sixth leading cause for cancer deaths worldwide. (oncotarget.com)
  • In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
  • However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, an anti-sense strategy was used to suppress the HMGB1 expression level in the human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. (edu.hk)
  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)
  • A prospective of five cervical cancer screening tests assessed the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • Immunotherapy has already had a huge impact on treatment of patients with later stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): new clinical data are now showing benefits in patients with earlier stage disease. (medscape.com)
  • Загальні відомості про терапію злоякісних новоутворень Curing cancer requires eliminating all cells capable of causing cancer recurrence in a person's lifetime. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The ideal drug would target only cancer cells and have no adverse effects on normal cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In contrast, other drugs (eg, DNA cross-linkers, also known as alkylating agents) have a linear dose-response relationship, killing more cancer cells at higher doses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Randomized, Open Label Phase 3 study of SAR408701 versus Docetaxel in Previously Treated metastatic non-squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients with CEACAM5 positive tumors. (who.int)
  • P-Tex cells could aggregate in the antigen-presenting cell niches and activate certain signaling pathways. (elifesciences.org)
  • STARD14 was negatively associated with the infiltration of CD8+T cells, while positively with CCL28 and immune checkpoints, including CTLA4 as well as PD-L2. (medsci.org)
  • Caspase-2-deficient cells show a significantly higher percentage of S-phase-associated chromosomal aberrations. (nature.com)
  • The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer effects of ethanol extract of S. rufopilosa (EESR) and to determine the molecular mechanism of its anticancer activity in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. (jcpjournal.org)
  • Although older chemotherapeutic drugs are often toxic to normal cells, advances in genetics and cellular and molecular biology have led to development of more selective drugs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The decision to commit to a new round of cell division occurs when the cell activates cyclin-CDK-dependent transcription which promotes entry into S phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent research has classified lung adenocarcinoma patients with KRAS mutation into three subtypes by co-occurring genetic events in TP53 (KP subgroup), STK11/LKB1 (KL subgroup) and CDKN2A/B inactivation plus TTF-1 low expression (KC subgroup). (cancerindex.org)
  • These results indicate that a mechanically active culture environment does impact cell survival and protein expression, and has important implications in the context of the discovery and screening of new antitumor drug therapies. (ku.edu)
  • We determined in six neuroblastoma cell lines the cytotoxicity of TPZ using DIMSCAN, a digital imaging fluorescence assay, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m ) by flow cytometry, and protein expression by immunoblotting. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Patients characterized by elevated EGFR and elevated Aurora-A protein expression in tumor tissue represent a risk group with poor disease-free and overall survival (EGFR low Aurora-A low versus EGFR high Aurora-A high , p=0.024). (oncotarget.com)
  • Finally, the STARDs expression were confirmed by RT-qPCR and western blot. (medsci.org)
  • The protein expressions of epithelial marker, E-cadherin and mesenchymal marker, N-cadherin were evaluated using western blot. (aging-us.com)
  • Western blot of Knockout validated Cyclin D1 antibody in HepG2, SW 1990, and NIH/3T3 cell lines with 60186-1-Ig at a dilution of 1:10000 incubated at room temperature for 1.5 hours. (ptgcn.com)
  • Bioreductive agents, such as Tirapazamine (TPZ), are preferentially cytotoxic in hypoxia and show activity against a variety of tumor cell lines ( 1 - 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • 2+ in intensity in archival tumor sample (or if not available fresh biopsy sample) involving at least 50 % of the tumor cell population as demonstrated prospectively by a centrally assessed ICH assay. (who.int)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)
  • I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control cell-cycle events remains to be a fundamental question in cell biology. (duke.edu)
  • Thus, most cancers cells develop numerous mechanisms to decrease p53 expression and bypass the cell cycle checkpoint. (aprofarm.org)
  • Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (jcancer.org)
  • An HMGB1 expression plasmid together with the p53, the MDM2 or the E2F1 promoter-containing reporter plasmid were co-transfected into the MCF-7, the HMGB1 suppressed MCF-7 and the p53-null human osteosarcoma Saos-2 cell lines to examine the transcriptional effects of exogenous HMGB1 on these promoters. (edu.hk)
  • ERKi treatment of cells drives the poly-ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2 and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of Cullin-RING E3 ligases prevents this. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • This study provides fundamental insight into the functional impact of CDK4 inhibition on cells in the tumor microenvironment, which is of high importance and interest to the field. (elifesciences.org)
  • This system acts like a timer, or a clock, which sets a fixed amount of time for the cell to spend in each phase of the cell cycle, while at the same time it also responds to information received from the processes it controls. (wikipedia.org)
  • p53 is a transcription factor that participates in cell cycle checkpoint processes and apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • Examples are drawn from industrial practice (including the environmental impact of chemical processes), from energy generation and storage, e.g., batteries and fuel cells, and from emerging technologies, e.g., photonic and biomedical devices. (blogspot.com)
  • EESR showed significant antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on HT29 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. (jcpjournal.org)
  • The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, and little is known about the anti-tumor mechanism of tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8 + T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. (elifesciences.org)
  • The importance of AMPK expression for radiation responses was investigated using both MEFs (mouse embryo fibroblasts) double knockout for AMPK α1/α2 subunits and human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT 116) with AMPK α1/α2 shRNA mediated knockdown. (ucsc.edu)
  • Du X , Wang X , Zheng Y , Liu D , . Propofol suppresses the growth and invasion of cervical carcinoma cells by inhibiting MIR155HG. (aging-us.com)
  • In vitro , propofol inhibited the growth and colony-formation of cervical carcinoma cells. (aging-us.com)
  • Meanwhile, propofol treatment reduced the invasive trait of cervical carcinoma cells. (aging-us.com)
  • Basal cell carcinoma of the right lower lid. (medscape.com)
  • risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • Mesquita HB, Gross M, Helzlsouer K, Jacobs EJ, mous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)
  • The hallmark of embryonic stem (ES) cells is their ability for self-renewal (capability of unlimited cell division without the loss of pluripotency) as well as for differentiation into all cell types of the adult organism. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • A high expression of Pes1, Bop1 and WDR12 was observed in ES cells, which strongly decreased during in vitro differentiation. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Repair kinetics of etoposide- and ionizing radiation-induced DSBs was identical in WT, MA4- and A4M-expressing cells, as revealed by flow cytometry, by immunoblot for γH2AX and by comet assay. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
  • Further clustering highlighted >400 species with increased expression after treatment in one or more of the cell strains, including metabolic enzymes and transcription factors. (cdc.gov)
  • These data reveal novel functional roles for AMPK in regulating mTOR signaling, cell cycle, survival and metabolic responses to IR. (ucsc.edu)
  • A proliferative exhausted CD8 + T cell cluster (P-Tex) which was beneficial to survival outcomes of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC was identified. (elifesciences.org)
  • however, purvalanol triggered autophagy, which functions as a cell survival mechanism at early time-points. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Survival analysis showed high STARD12 expression was associated with favorable overall survival, disease special survival as well as disease free survival, while STARD14 showed the opposite. (medsci.org)
  • Melanoma in particular exhibits a high incidence of activating BRAF and NRAS mutations and such cells are addicted to the activity of these mutant oncoproteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • She also stressed the importance of biomarker testing for patients with resected disease "to look for EGFR mutations, which can be treated with EGFR TKIs and also, at some point, to check for PD-L1…because, in this trial, the vast majority of benefit" appeared to be in those with PD-L1 expression on their tumors. (medscape.com)
  • To further understand the mechanism of action of OTQ, gene expression was studied in four strains of primary normal human mammary epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Moreover, no robust accumulation of cells in G1-phase was observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • 5FU treated ES cells showed an accumulation of cells in S-phase instead. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
  • Despite this, clinical responses are typically transient as tumour cells develop resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • The present project aims to introduce microarray technology as a new analytical tool into the field of doping control analysis to gain insight in specific effects of recombinant human growth hormone (hgh) on blood cells (leukocytes). (wada-ama.org)
  • Growing knowledge regarding molecules that control the cell cycle and apoptosis is expected to contribute to the identification of new therapy targets. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The Nek2 subfamily is one of a family of 11 different Neks (Nek1-11) that are involved in cell cycle control. (umbc.edu)
  • This indicates the importance of HMGB1 in p53 expression and cell cycle checkpoint control. (edu.hk)
  • Interestingly, tumors with both negative mdm-2 and p21 expression, irrespective of p53 status, had a high response rate to docetaxel but no response to MF. (lu.se)
  • The interim results show that, after a median follow-up of 32.8 months, the addition of atezolizumab significantly reduced the risk of recurrence or death vs best supportive care in patients whose tumors had PD-L1 expression ≥1%, at a hazard ratio of 0.66 ( P = .004). (medscape.com)
  • Using trophoblasts as an in vitro model, we observed that forskolin and JAM3 knockdown significantly reduced JAM3 expression and increased syncytium formation. (bioone.org)
  • Expression of cyclin D1 has been reported to be a strong predictor for the clinical outcome of OSCC ( 4 ), and amplification of CCND1 was found significantly more frequently in patients with OSCC than in healthy controls ( 5 ), suggesting the predictive and prognostic value of this molecule and its potential as a therapeutic target. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Induction of p53 and p21 expression by TPZ was observed in a p53-functional cell line (SMS-SAN) but not in a p53-nonfunctional cell line (CHLA-90). (aacrjournals.org)
  • In contrast, ES cells showed strong induction of p53, but no induction of its target gene p21. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Checkpoint-blocker-induced autoimmunity is associated with favourable outcome in metastatic melanoma and distinct T-cell expression profiles. (cdc.gov)
  • Together, our findings suggest a promising role for P-Tex cells in the prognosis of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC by providing modest but persistent anti-tumor effects. (elifesciences.org)
  • However, whether caspase-2 plays an active role in regulating the cell cycle has up until now been unclear. (nature.com)
  • This indicates a role distinct from caspase-2's reported role in inducing apoptosis to remove damaged or aneuploid cells [7][8]. (nature.com)
  • therefore, we overexpressed Bcl-X L to distinguish caspase-2's role in cell division and DNA protection from its role in apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • If apoptosis is not an essential mechanism for its tumor suppression function, then a role in regulating the cell cycle may be. (nature.com)
  • Taken together, these data provide further insight into the regulation of the cell cycle. (duke.edu)