• Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (rush.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2" by people in this website by year, and whether "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (rush.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2" by people in Profiles. (rush.edu)
  • The inactive form of BAK1 is maintained by the protein's interactions with VDAC2, Mtx2, and other anti-apoptotic members of the BCL2 protein family. (wikipedia.org)
  • The results of the present study suggest that P. vivax infection induces apoptosis of CD4 + T cells mediated by two types of signaling: by activation of the TNFR1 death receptor (extrinsic pathway), which is amplified by Bid, and by decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (intrinsic pathway). (biomedcentral.com)
  • PMID:14996496, table 1 provides links to papers that describe subcellular location of many pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. (geneontology.org)
  • This protein localizes to mitochondria, and functions to induce apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Truncated BID (tBID), a proapoptotic BCL2 family protein, induces BAK/BAX-dependent release of cytochrome c and other mitochondrial intermembrane proteins to the cytosol to induce apoptosis. (nih.gov)
  • The apoptosis was characterized by cell staining with Annexin V/FITC and propidium iodide and the apoptosis-associated gene expression profile was carried out using RT 2 Profiler PCR Array-Human Apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Membrane proteins encoded by the BCL-2 GENES and serving as potent inhibitors of cell death by APOPTOSIS. (rush.edu)
  • DZNep represses Bcl-2 expression and modulates apoptosis sensitivity in response to Nutlin-3a. (rush.edu)
  • BCL2 proteins are described as 'crucial regulators of apoptosis' (PMID:15868100)and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, which results in the activation of caspases (15102863) - help in generating a defintion for intrinsic apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
  • does all activation of caspases require other proteins also involved in apoptosis - therefore shouldn't this term be a part of apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
  • how to decide whether a protein is involved in '+ve reg of apoptosis or induction ([GO:0006917])?emily. (geneontology.org)
  • The main tool to chelate intracellular Ca2+ is intracellular BAPTA (BAPTAi), usually introduced into cells as a membrane-permeant acetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA-AM). Previously, we demonstrated that BAPTAi enhanced apoptosis induced by venetoclax, a BCL-2 antagonist, in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, V2(-/-) MEFs are deficient in mitochondrial BAK despite normal tBID-mitochondrial binding and BAX/BAK expression. (nih.gov)
  • The proteins are found on mitochondrial, microsomal, and NUCLEAR MEMBRANE sites within many cell types. (rush.edu)
  • PMPCB encodes the catalytic subunit of the essential mitochondrial processing protease (MPP), which is required for maturation of the majority of mitochondrial precursor proteins. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Introduction of the identified PMPCB variants into the homologous S. cerevisiae Mas1 protein resulted in a severe growth and MPP processing defect leading to the accumulation of mitochondrial precursor proteins and early impairment of the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters, which are indispensable for a broad range of crucial cellular functions. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the BCL2 protein family. (wikipedia.org)
  • BCL2 family members form oligomers or heterodimers and act as anti- or pro-apoptotic regulators that are involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. (wikipedia.org)
  • As a member of the BCL2 protein family, BAK1 functions as a pro-apoptotic regulator involved in a wide variety of cellular activities. (wikipedia.org)
  • The expression of genes through miRNA is regulated by endogenous regulatory pathways, resulting in high stability and biocompatibility ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These characteristics are caused by altered gene expression, as a result of genetic mutations that inactivate tumour suppressor genes and / or activate oncogenes. (savedelicious.com)
  • Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Indeed, emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs function as a molecular rheostats that serve in fine-tuning cell signaling pathways [ 10 , 11 ], doing so by modulating the expression of large numbers of genes and, consequently, impacting the flux through essential regulatory nodes of vast signaling networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • V2(-/-) MEFs regain tBID sensitivity after VDAC2 expression. (nih.gov)
  • Among these significantly enriched pathways, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and metabolism were the most affected metabolic pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Family include immune checkpoint molecules such as CD27, tumor markers such as CD30, and co-stimulatory molecules such as CD40. (pharna.com)
  • The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly suppressed the levels of protein expression of ubiquitin‑protein ligase E3A (UBE3A) and Insulin‑like growth factor‑1 receptor (IGF‑1R) in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule of Th2 cells (CRTH2) has been shown to mediate the chemotaxis of eosinophils, basophils and Th2-type T lymphocytes. (medchemexpress.com)
  • The emotional stress reaction (ESR) in these animals is associated with weaker binding capacity of the benzodiazepine site in GABAA receptor [6]. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • Transformation of ESR into the cell stress augments reception in the domain responsible for binding the endo- and exogenous ligands of sigma 1 receptor chaperon protein (Sigma1R) [1] responsible for adaptive reactions [8]. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • Innate or acquired resistance to small molecule BRAF or MEK1/2 inhibitors (BRAFi or MEKi) typically arises through mechanisms that sustain or reinstate ERK1/2 activation. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Increased gene expression was observed for TNFRSF1B and Bid, associated with a reduction of Bcl-2, in individuals with P. vivax malaria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MicroRNA (miRNA) molecules, a series of single-stranded non-coding RNA chains measuring 20-25 nucleotides in length, regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level by complementary pairing with target gene mRNA ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These results may imply that G. haimaensis struggles to support the life response to environmental change by changing gene expression profiles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a group, miRNAs are small (17-27 nucleotides) noncoding RNAs that govern gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner by binding directly to the 3′UTRs of target mRNAs, thereby repressing their translation or inducing their degradation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAK1 gene on chromosome 6. (wikipedia.org)
  • BAK1 is a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein containing four Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains: BH1, BH2, BH3, and BH4. (wikipedia.org)
  • Given the current paradigm that all cells have the same genomic DNA, BAK1 gene variants in different tissues may be easily explained by the expression of BAK1 gene on chromosome 6 and one its edited copies on chromosome 20. (wikipedia.org)
  • These pumps have broad drug specificity and belong to a family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, of which P-glycoprotein (PGP) is one of the most important members. (savedelicious.com)
  • In addition, numerous important cellular proteins, such as B-cell lymphoma-2 homologous antagonist/killer, Myc proto-oncogene protein, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, DNA replication licensing factor MCM-7, retinoblastoma 1 and Annexin A1, are degenerated through the UBE3A-mediated ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Thermal stability assays show that ERKi do not destabilise ERK2 (or ERK1) in vitro, suggesting that ERK2 turnover is a cellular consequence of ERKi binding. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Drug discovery and development efforts have produced several recombinant DNA and recombinant protein-based cytokines as therapy to treat a number of disorders including anemia (using recombinant erythropoietin), neutropenia (G-CSF), thrombocytopenia (IL-11), cancer (IL-2), bone disorders (interferon gamma), hepatitis and multiple sclerosis (interferon alpha/beta). (pharna.com)
  • PhaRNA, LLC offer several synthetic mRNAs encoding for some of the most common reporter proteins including Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), GFP-NLS (nuclear GFP localization), mCherry, firefly Luciferase (fLuc), renilla Luciferase (rLuc), gaussia Luciferase (gLuc) and beta-galactosidase (Gal). (pharna.com)
  • Synthetic mRNAs encoding for reporter proteins can be readily assayed after translation and therefore used as control markers for mRNA packaging and delivery optimization in vitro and in vivo. (pharna.com)
  • ERK1/2 inhibitors act as monovalent degraders inducing ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2, but not ERK1. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • This has led to the development of a range of ERK1/2 inhibitors (ERKi) that either inhibit kinase catalytic activity (catERKi) or additionally prevent the activating pT-E-pY dual phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by MEK1/2 (dual-mechanism or dmERKi). (babraham.ac.uk)
  • These resistance mechanisms frequently involve reinstatement of ERK1/2 signalling and BRAFi are now deployed in combination with one of three approved MEK1/2 inhibitors (MEKi) to provide more durable, but still transient, clinical responses. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Furthermore, inhibitors to ERK1/2 (ERK1/2i) have also been developed to counteract ERK1/2 signalling. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • The overexpression of miRNA‑375 significantly increased caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 activities, induced B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X protein, tumor protein 53 and cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1 protein expression and suppressed cyclin D1 and survivin protein expression in HPV‑18(+) cervical cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • HPV promotes latency and consequently does not cause a disease phenotype following initial infection by an immune evasion response reaction, featuring binding to epithelial cells and integrating into the host genome, resulting in the proliferation of epidermal cells containing the viral genome and neovascularization ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • UBE3A is associated with cervical cancer and may combine with the E6 proto-oncogene encoded by HPV16 within cervical cancer cells to form the E6/E6-AP protein complex through the ubiquitin proteasome pathway ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Previous studies have identified that UBE3A exhibits abnormal expression in numerous tumor cells, including prostate, cervical and breast cancer ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The central dogma of molecular biology states that the transfer of genetic information within cells transpires sequentially from DNA to RNA to proteins, whose coding sequences comprise a paltry 1.5-2% of the human genome [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CRTH2 is the most reliable marker for the detection of circulating human type 2 Th and type 2 T cytotoxic cells in health and disease. (medchemexpress.com)
  • CRTh2 receptors, expressed on eosinophils, basophils, T-helper 2 cells, macrophages, and neutrophils are known to be involved in chemotaxis and activation of these cells, which form the key events initiating the inflammatory response in allergic diseases. (medchemexpress.com)
  • This protein also interacts with the tumor suppressor P53 after exposure to cell stress. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokines are a family of cell signaling proteins that include Chemokines, Interleukins, Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNFs), Transforming Growth Factors (TGFs), Inter ferons, and Colony Stimulating Factors (CSFs). (pharna.com)
  • The primary objectives of this study are: - To determine the proportion of children with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) related death, rehospitalization or major complications after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and/or Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), and - To determine immunologic mechanisms and immune signatures associated with disease spectrum and subsequent clinical course during the year of follow-up. (stanford.edu)
  • This suggests that DNA replication following escape from G1 arrest in drug is more error prone and provides a potential explanation for the DNA damage observed under long-term RAF-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway inhibition. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • ERK5 Signalling and Resistance to ERK1/2 Pathway Therapeutics: The Path Less Travelled? (babraham.ac.uk)
  • The RAS-regulated RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signalling pathway is frequently de-regulated in human cancer. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • However, recent studies have suggested that BRAFi/MEKi and ERK1/2i resistance can arise through activation of a parallel signalling pathway leading to activation of ERK5, an unusual protein kinase that contains both a kinase domain and a transcriptional transactivation domain. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Although genetic and epigenetic aberrations that occur in components of the central dogma clearly elicit disease development in humans, recent findings also point to a prominent role for non-protein-coding regions of the genome in regulating cell and tissue homeostasis, as well as in contributing to the formation of human tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A hydrophobic groove formed along the C-terminal of α2 to the N-terminal of α5, and some residues from α8, binds the BH3 domain of other BCL-2 proteins in its active form. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytochrome c then forms a multi-protein complex known as the 'apoptosome' and initiates activation of the caspase cascade through caspase 9. (geneontology.org)
  • The cut-off values for these markers were 20% for CD30, and 30% for Bcl-6, MUM1 and PDL1.29C31 Treatment Initial treatments were performed based on the physicians decisions at each institution, as there had been no uniform treatment guidelines for PMBL in Japan. (angiogenesis-blog.com)
  • The drug is characterized by mild activation effect and reduces anxiety, thus promoting adaptation to novel environment [2]. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • The major mast cell product prostaglandin (PG) D(2) is considered to be the principal ligand of CRTH2. (medchemexpress.com)
  • This may be relevant to the suggestion of kinase-independent effects of ERK1/2 and the therapeutic use of ERKi. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • E6-AP) is an important member of the ubiquitin proteasome system and a type of ubiquitin protein ligase (E3 enzyme) ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Thus, this chaperon protein can be an important player in physiological and pharmacological regulation of ASD features. (epiphanyasd.com)
  • The war against cancer commenced in 1971 with the enactment of the National Cancer Act and continues unabated today against this most common killer of American men and women between the ages of 40-79 [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Type I Cytokine Receptors include interleukin receptors, colony stimulating factor receptors, and hormone receptors whereas Type II Cytokine Receptors include inter feron receptors and cytokine receptors that bind to interleukin-10 family. (pharna.com)
  • HPV is a type of epithelial DNA virus, which has many subtypes, among which HPV6 and HPV11 cause CA ( 2 , 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • ER Stress and Protein Misfolding in Autism (and IP3R again) and perhaps what to do about it - Activation of Sigma-1 Chaperone Activity by Afobazole? (epiphanyasd.com)
  • We identified biallelic variants in PMPCB in individuals of four families including one family with two affected siblings with neurodegeneration and cerebellar atrophy. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Multidrug resistance, generally, results from over expression of ATP-dependent efflux pumps [5]. (savedelicious.com)