• Request for assistance in preventing bladder cancer from exposure to o-toluidine and aniline. (cdc.gov)
  • NIOSH has warned that workers exposed to o-toluidine (95534) or aniline (62533) may be at increase risk for developing bladder cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies on the carcinogenic effects of o-toluidine and aniline in humans and animals were reviewed, and information was presented on the number of workers potentially exposed, and on exposure limits. (cdc.gov)
  • Epidemiological evidence clearly associated exposure to o-toluidine and aniline with an increased risk of bladder cancer. (cdc.gov)
  • Effects of o-toluidine and aniline could not be separated in epidemiological studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Because o-toluidine induced a greater number and variety of tumors in animals at lower doses than aniline, it was more likely to be responsible for the observed bladder cancers. (cdc.gov)
  • Biological monitoring for occupational exposures to ortho-toluidine and aniline. (sjweh.fi)
  • Workers exposed to 4-chloro-2-toluidine, and to two other aniline derivatives in lesser degree, showed a standardized incidence rate of bladder cancer 72 times that of unexposed workers, suggesting that chlordimeform itself could be a human carcinogen. (inchem.org)
  • and aniline oil for safranine , which contains aniline and ortho- toluidine , and is obtained from the distillate (échappés) of the fuchsine fusion. (wikidoc.org)
  • Although occupational exposure to two other aromatic amines, 2-toluidine and 6-chloro-2-toluidine, may have occurred, it is considered by. (inchem.org)
  • Smoking tobacco and inhaling SHS may be major sources of exposure to several aromatic amines (AAs) (Bryant, et. (cdc.gov)
  • Human exposure to aromatic amines may be monitored by measuring the amount of sulfinamide adduct bound to hemoglobin. (wikigenes.org)
  • Exposure to 4-aminobiphenyl, o -tolu- information, although at present the other aromatic amines. (who.int)
  • 12. Rubino G, Scansetti G, Piolatto G, Pira E. (1982) The carcinogenic effect of aromatic amines: an epidemiological study on the role of o-toluidine and 4,4′-methylene bis (2-methylaniline) inducing bladder cancer in man. (mattioli1885journals.com)
  • 1986, 57, 27-40 Stasik M.J., Urinary bladder cancer after 4-chloro-o-toluidine. (wikipedia.org)
  • A historic cohort study of 4-chloro-2-methylaniline workers, Proceedings of the MEDICHEM Meeting, Bahia, Brazil, 1985, London, ICI plc, 2-11 Stasik M.J., Carcinomas of the urinary bladder in a 4-chloro-o-toluidine cohort, Int. Arch. (wikipedia.org)
  • Incidence of bladder cancer in cohort of workers exposed to 4-chloro-o-toluidine while synthesizing chlordimeform, Br. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although urinalysis was unremarkable and no significant cytological changes were found, a single case of bladder cancer was detected in a pilot who had seven seasons of exposure to chlordimeform (Maddy et al. (inchem.org)
  • 1986). A retrospective study of 116 workers occupationally exposed to 4-chloro-2-toluidine during manufacture prior to 1970 has revealed eight cases of bladder cancer, diagnosed between 1967 and 1985. (inchem.org)
  • In view of the human data indicating increased incidence of bladder cancer following exposure to 4-chloro-2-toluidine, a metabolite of chlordimeform, and the occurrence of this compound as a residue in treated crops, the meeting recommends that chlordimeform should not be used where its residues, or those of its metabolite 4-chloro-2-toluidine, can arise in food. (inchem.org)
  • Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder in a 4-chloro-0-toluidine Cohort. (inchem.org)
  • RESULTS: Under various assumptions regarding workforce turnover, the excess lifetime risk of bladder cancer from OT exposure at 1 ppb was estimated to be in the range 1-7 per thousand. (cdc.gov)
  • Compared to a previous report, there were 4 additional deaths from bladder cancer, for a total of 60 deaths compared with 4.0 expected (SMR 14.86, 95% CI 11.34-19.12).The SMR for bladder cancer increased with younger age at first exposure and longer duration of exposure, while it decreased with time since last exposure, albeit it was still 3.5, 30 or more years since last exposure. (mattioli1885journals.com)
  • The excess risk of bladder cancer persisted several decades after stopping exposure. (mattioli1885journals.com)
  • 8. Cumberbatch M.G.K., Cox A., Teare D., Catto J.W.F. (2015) Contemporary occupational carcinogen exposure and bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis JAMA Oncol, 1, pp. 1282-1290. (mattioli1885journals.com)
  • Exposure to DNTs can occur via dermal routes of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Chlordimeform was detectable in urine as early as four hours after dermal exposure. (inchem.org)
  • Using the available environmental data and process characterization, previous investigators assigned ranks to volatile chemical air concentrations across time in departments and jobs, reflecting probabilities of exposure and use of personal protective equipment for airborne and dermal exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • NIOSH has had a far-reaching impact on both national and international evaluations of potentially carcinogenic agents as well as exposure limits and recommendations released by national and international agencies. (cdc.gov)
  • Previous NIOSH studies of industrial chemical exposures (IARC 2018), insecticides and herbicides (IARC 2017), solvents (IARC 2016), and diesel exhaust (IARC 2013) have also been vital in recent reviews of carcinogenic agents conducted by IARC. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of the IARC Monographs Programme on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans is to identify individual agents or environmental exposures that may be causes of human cancer, in order to provide a scientific basis for cancer prevention. (who.int)
  • On the basis of the carcinogenic potential of 2-nitrotoluene, for which there may be a probability of harm at any exposure level, it is concluded that 2-nitrotoluene is a substance that may be entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health. (gc.ca)
  • The review included exposure to environmental agents carcinogenic to humans (International Agency for Research on Cancer classification), as well as lifestyle factors known to affect cancer risk. (who.int)
  • It was later decided to include nitions of carcinogens were based on pollution, occupational exposure to a review of lifestyle factors that are the January 2013 list of agents classified carcinogenic compounds, and lifestyle known to influence cancer risk. (who.int)
  • The risk assessment of occupational exposure to chlordimeform, 23rd Intern. (wikipedia.org)
  • The results of the California monitoring programme indicate that occupational exposure to chlordimeform can be significantly reduced, but not eliminated, during its use in cotton growing. (inchem.org)
  • Chemicals listed in Table 2 have been reported to induce methemoglobinemia in experimental animals or in humans after ingestion, intravenous administration or exposure following a chemical accident. (haz-map.com)
  • The overall aim is to study associations between exposures to chemicals and biological effects in humans to provide data for human risk assessment and retrospective evaluation of occupationally caused diseases. (dguv.de)
  • The defi- such as exposure to environmental air humans. (who.int)
  • A subcohort of 116 subjects in the 4-COT cohort, engaged in the synthesis of 4-COT at the old production plant with presumably higher level of exposure to this monocyclic arylamine, was separated from the Frankfurt cohort of 335 men, for further research. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been estimated that 2-8% of all cancers worldwide are caused by exposures to carcinogens (substances known to cause cancer) in the workplace (Purdue et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Directive 2004/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council ( 3 ) aims to protect workers against risks to their health and safety from exposure to carcinogens or mutagens at the workplace. (europa.eu)
  • Several epidemiological studies have shown strong links between exposure to high levels of NO 2 and morbidity and mortality of asthma. (bmj.com)
  • CDC's National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals provides exposure data on the following chemicals or classes of chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies suggest that higher breast cancer rates in urban areas persist after accounting for the prevalence of known risk factors, leading to speculation that urban environmental exposures, such as air pollution, may play a role in the etiology of breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, cumulative OT exposures were estimated (a) based on previously assigned ranks of exposure intensity and reported actual exposures in jobs with the highest assigned rank, and (b) directly from the historical environmental sampling for OT. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposures of the general population to 2-nitrotoluene through environmental media (air, drinking water and soil) are expected to be negligible. (gc.ca)
  • Margins of exposure were not calculated for non-cancer effects in this assessment since non-cancer effects occurred at a dose at which tumours were observed and because the information available indicates that exposures of the general Canadian population to 2-nitrotoluene from either environmental media or consumer products are expected to be negligible. (gc.ca)
  • The limited data on occupational exposure suggests that the greatest risks for workers in the construction industry are likely to be from environmental dust and related air pollutants. (who.int)
  • Exposure to herbal remedies pre- azo reduction in vivo to yield the car- sibly breast cancer), but at present pared from plant species of the ge- cinogen benzidine. (who.int)
  • In one of the largest cohorts of former flight attendants, an association was observed between higher cosmic radiation exposure, greater number of times zones crossed, and incidence of breast cancer in a sub-group of women (Pinkerton et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Few studies have examined ambient air pollution exposure and risk of breast cancer incidence in human populations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2021). The association between occupational asbestos exposure with the risk of incidence and mortality from prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (mattioli1885journals.com)
  • De-novo identification of specific exposure biomarkers of the alternative plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) after low oral dosage to male volunteers by HPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. Biomarkers. (dguv.de)
  • The primary objective of my research is Biological Monitoring of the internal dose and the effective dose after exposure to various chemicals at the workplace and via the environment. (dguv.de)
  • 1- 3 The precise mechanisms underlying this latter biological link are not well understood but studies in animal models have shown that NO 2 exposure could impair some local defence mechanisms in the airways. (bmj.com)
  • The exposed workers excreted 4-chloro-2-toluidine in their urine. (inchem.org)
  • doi:10.1002/14356007.a27_159 IARC Monograph Vol. 48, p-Chloro-o-Toluidine and its strong salts Weisburger E.K. et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although all patients are at risk for methemoglobinemia, patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, congenital or idiopathic methemoglobinemia, cardiac or pulmonary compromise, infants under 6 months of age, and concurrent exposure to oxidizing agents or their metabolites are more susceptible to developing clinical manifestations of the condition. (drugs.com)
  • Workplace exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • 2015). In 2016 (the most recent year with available data), there were between 49,761 and 132,697 new cancer cases in the U.S. that were caused by past exposure in the workplace (U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group 2019). (cdc.gov)
  • Cancers that occur due to workplace exposures can be prevented. (cdc.gov)
  • and contribution to the burden of cancer posure to chemicals and pollutants medical diagnostics (e.g. exposure to worldwide ( 2 ). (who.int)
  • Results of key Soviet-era studies dealing with effects on the immune system and teratological consequences in rats exposed to radiofrequency (RF) fields serve, in part, as a basis for setting exposure limits in the USSR and the current RF standards in Russia. (powerwatch.org.uk)
  • Results must be interpreted cautiously, as estimated exposure was limited to modeled annual average ambient air concentrations, and could not account for other sources or routes other than inhalation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As such, occupational exposure to AAs can occur by inhalation or skin contact during the production of chemicals that use AAs as raw materials or intermediates. (cdc.gov)
  • Studies of 2,4-DNT in rats showed that exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Risk increased with duration of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • There are different etiological and risk factors for OPMDs such as smoking , alcohol consumption , infections such as viral and fungal, sun exposure and certain other genetic factors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Exposure to cigarette smoking was calculated by the number of packs × year. (iranpath.org)
  • To compare the efficacy of chemiluminescence with Lugol's iodine to that with toluidine blue in diagnosing dysplastic changes in tobacco associated oral lesions. (bvsalud.org)
  • A total of 84 patients with clinically suspicious oral mucosal lesions and OPMDs with tobacco habit history were included and randomly assigned to either of the diagnostic study groups (Group A chemiluminescence with Lugol's iodine or Group B chemiluminescence with toluidine blue ). (bvsalud.org)
  • The combination of chemiluminescence with toluidine blue had a better diagnostic efficiency in detecting dysplasia in tobacco -associated oral lesions when compared to the group of chemiluminescence with Lugol's iodine . (bvsalud.org)
  • Mast cell counts was completed on toluidine blue stained slides. (iranpath.org)
  • During the first appointment, as part of the clinic protocol, scrapes of the lower lip for cytopathological examination, as well as toluidine blue test (TBT), and videoroscopic examination in 50-fold magnification were performed. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rats were anesthetized with thiopental sodium and decapitated next day after last exposure. (romj.org)
  • 1 In addition, several studies have also shown a link between personal exposure to NO 2 and predisposition to childhood respiratory tract viral infections. (bmj.com)
  • 1 We have shown previously that acute exposure to 2 ppm NO 2 can induce an acute inflammatory response in healthy human airways. (bmj.com)
  • Extended monitoring of the composition of and human exposure to air pollutants is recommended. (who.int)
  • ABSTRACT To meet the country's health goals for 2011-2016, a qualitative review of exposure to risk factors for cancer in Qatar was conducted in 2013. (who.int)
  • CONCLUSIONS: The current ACGIH TLV and OSHA standards for OT are 2 and 5ppm, respectively, 1000-fold higher than the exposure estimated here for 1-7 per thousand excess lifetime risk. (cdc.gov)
  • the author that exposure to 4-chloro-2-toluidine was considerably higher. (inchem.org)
  • ETAC is suitable for special paper grades when higher temperature exposures are expected. (connectchemicals.com)
  • Additional rats (10 males and 10 females per exposure group) were used in a supplement clinical pathology study. (europa.eu)
  • Occupational Exposure to Manganese and Fine Motor Skills in Elderly Men: Results from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. (dguv.de)
  • Low-participation rate may create selection bias, and not blinding as to case or control status may give observational bias, especially in a study with such vague definition of cut-off for exposure as Interphone.Especially worrying as to observational bias are bed-side interviews of such a mentally ill patient group with brain tumour. (powerwatch.org.uk)
  • No inhalation MRLs were derived for relationship between heart disease and DNT is a synthetic substance used of exposure for those living near dinitrotoluenes. (cdc.gov)
  • Material and Methods ― Rats in the experimental group were exposed to transversely-directed gravitational overloads (9 G) produced by experimental centrifuge C-2/500 (three times, each time 3 minutes exposure with 30 seconds break between sets). (romj.org)
  • Seven groups of rats (four in each group) were dark-adapted for 24 hours before exposure to green light (480-520 nm) at 300 to 320 foot-candles (ft-cd) for 3 hours. (arvojournals.org)
  • Upregulation of ICAM-1 highlights an underlying mechanism for leucocyte influx, and could also explain the predisposition to respiratory tract viral infections following NO 2 exposure since ICAM-1 is a major receptor for rhino and respiratory syncytial viruses. (bmj.com)
  • An international project to confirm soviet-era results on immunological and teratological effects of RF field exposure in wistar rats and comments on Grigoriev et al. (powerwatch.org.uk)
  • Exposure to 2-nitrotoluene has also been associated with non-cancer effects in experimental animals, including developmental and reproductive effects as well as effects in the lungs, liver, spleen, bone marrow and the hematopoietic system. (gc.ca)
  • Upregulation of the Th2 cytokines suggests that repeated exposure to NO 2 has the potential to exert a "pro-allergic" effect on the bronchial epithelium. (bmj.com)
  • It is not known why some individuals have methemoglobinemia and others experience hemolytic anemia after exposure to the same oxidants. (haz-map.com)
  • Signs and symptoms of methemoglobinemia may be delayed some hours after exposure. (drugs-library.com)
  • She was national coordinating counsel to four chemical suppliers in semi-conductor manufacturing chemical exposure litigation and served as regional counsel for Dow Corning in the silicone breast implant litigation responsible for managing the personal injury claims of over 1,000 plaintiffs and coordinating counsel for injectable silicone litigation pending nationwide. (harrisbeach.com)
  • Light exposure that affects chemical changes in paper. (diegoandson.com)
  • The agents and exposures listed will be considered during the period 2000-2005. (who.int)
  • 5, 6 We have also shown that repeated daily exposure to NO 2 (2 ppm for four hours/day for four successive days) can induce a decrement in FEV 1 that returns to baseline by day 4, but the acute inflammatory response characterised by PMN influx and activation still persists after the final exposure. (bmj.com)
  • Expression of IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and ICAM-1 increased following NO 2 exposure. (bmj.com)
  • and 3) to describe the relationship between tobacco use (as well as exposure to ETS) and chronic health conditions, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Another disease that affects the lower lip is Actinic Cheilitis (AC), which is more common than CG, and has chronic sun exposure as its main cause, leading to alterations of the epithelium and of the collagen and elastic fibers. (bvsalud.org)