Exposure to xylenes. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mixed xylenes refers to a mixture of the xylenes plus ethylbenzene. (wikipedia.org)
Commercial or laboratory-grade xylene produced usually contains about 40-65% of m-xylene and up to 20% each of o-xylene, p-xylene and ethylbenzene. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers then explored links with a subgroup of chemicals in crude oil, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and n-hexane. (pollen.com)
Personal analyses of the benzene, toluene, xylene isomers, ethylbenzene, PAH's and aldehydes in the breathing zone air allowed us to determine the time weighted average exposure levels to the aromatic hydrocarbons listed above. (witpress.com)

Xylene exists as three isomers (ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene), which can be found singly or, more commonly, mixed in varying proportions. (cdc.gov)
The ratio of isomers can be shifted to favor the highly valued p-xylene via the patented UOP-Isomar process or by transalkylation of xylene with itself or trimethylbenzene. (wikipedia.org)
The physical properties of the isomers of xylene differ slightly. (wikipedia.org)
The demand for isophthalic acid is relatively modest, so m-xylene is rarely sought (and hence the utility of its conversion to the o- and p-isomers). (wikipedia.org)
1992) concluded that indications of mild CNS effects noted in some individuals exposed to 100 ppm (442 mg/m3) provided the best available basis for setting an exposure limit for xylene isomers. (europa.eu)
The critical health effects underpinning the IOELV for xylene isomers were mild irritation of the eye and upper respiratory tract and mild CNS effects noted in some individuals exposed to 100 ppm (442 mg/m3). (europa.eu)
The findings were considered by the SEG to provide the best available basis for setting an exposure limit for xylene isomers. (europa.eu)
Application of an uncertainty factor of 2 gave an 8-hr TWA for xylene isomers of 50 ppm (221 mg/m3). (europa.eu)
Exposure levels of the xylene isomers associated with neurological effects in animals are well defined. (europa.eu)
Acute exposures to concentrations inducing behavioural changes included a 6 hour inhalation exposure to the individual xylene isomers at a concentration of 3000 ppm (Korsak, 1990). (europa.eu)
In animal studies xylene isomers (including mixed xylene) exhibit low acute toxicity by oral and dermal routes with the reported LD50 values all exceeding 2000 mg/kg bw. (europa.eu)
Multiple studies conducted in rats and mice consistently demonstrate that the oral LD50 for xylene isomers (including mixed xylene) exceeds 2000 mg/kg bw. (europa.eu)
1) Background: Benzene, toluene, and xylene isomers (BTX) are present in gasoline. (bvsalud.org)

Xylene is rapidly absorbed after inhalation and ingestion. (cdc.gov)
Exposure via ingestion and inhalation produces systemic toxicity. (cdc.gov)
Most exposures to xylene occur by inhalation and xylene is readily absorbed from the lungs. (cdc.gov)
The most common route of exposure is via inhalation. (cdc.gov)
Mixed xylene is considered harmful by inhalation. (europa.eu)
In humans critical effects of xylenes are irritation and CNS effects, with the overall NOAEC inhalation for the latter effect being 300 mg/m3. (europa.eu)
Inhalation of xylene or xylene vapor is the most dangerous type of exposure to this chemical. (healthfully.com)
Irritation of the nose and throat may also occur with low-level inhalation of xylene. (healthfully.com)
Immunological and neurological ef- duces the greatest hazard for individual ex- fects on the respiratory system linked to posure to these toxic substances [ 1 ], by the local and systemic toxic actions of pes- inhalation, dermal or oral exposure [ 2,3 ]. (who.int)
Inhalation pare the effect of acute exposure to pesti- of pesticide dust, vapours, mists and gases cides of these workers with a group of may therefore represent a significant occu- workers not occupationally exposed to pational hazard [ 6 ] with workers vulnerable pesticides. (who.int)
The Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs) Program develops AEGL values for chemicals that can potentially cause dangerous inhalation exposures to persons through accidental releases to air or by means of a terrorist action. (epa.gov)

In the petroleum industry, xylene is also a frequent component of paraffin solvents, used when the tubing becomes clogged with paraffin wax. (wikipedia.org)
Xylenes are solvents used in industrial and consumer products, such as cleaning agents and paint thinners. (ewg.org)
The study reviewed exposure to the solvents perchloroethylene (PERC) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), both of which, said the team, "tended towards significant risk of developing the disease," wrote the BBC. (yourlawyer.com)
A statistical link was not found with toluene, xylene, and n-hexane, the other three solvents reviewed. (yourlawyer.com)
It has been suggested that exposure to organic solvents may have a role in the impairment of kidney function that may progress to kidney failure. (scirp.org)
Xylenes (dimethylbenzenes) are solvents found not only in common products such as paints, lacquers, pesticides, cleaning fluids, fuel and exhaust fumes, but also in perfumes and insect repellents. (functional-labs.com)

Xylene is among the 30 most abundantly produced chemicals in the United States. (cdc.gov)
These mutations can be caused by exposure to toxic chemicals, infections, inflammation and nutritional deficiencies. (drwendywells.com)
We don't yet know if (there are) effects of exposure to these chemicals on the human immune system. (wbfo.org)
Some commonly known fracking chemicals include benzene, styrene, and xylenes. (wbfo.org)
This blog describes NIOSH evaluations of worker exposures to specific chemicals during oil and gas extraction flowback and production testing activities. (cdc.gov)
As part of the study, researchers estimated workers' exposure to specific chemicals. (pollen.com)
As participants' exposure to BTEX-H chemicals rose so did their relative risk for respiratory symptoms, according to the study. (pollen.com)
Time of workers exposure to chemicals, work energetic cost and dietary customs of workers including also smoking and alcoholic beverages consumption were monitored during the experiment. (witpress.com)
Petrochemical facilities in Harris County routinely emit "chemicals like benzene, toluene, and xylene that cause developmental and reproductive issues in human bodies," said Nalleli Hidalgo, a community outreach and education liaison at the Texas Environmental Justice Advocacy Services, a Houston-based nonprofit. (grist.org)
While exposure to harmful chemicals isn't good for anyone, pregnant people and children are especially vulnerable. (grist.org)
Exposure to high levels of hydrocarbons or chemicals, such as benzene and xylene, has been linked to the development of myelodysplastic syndrome. (schmidtandclark.com)
Chronic exposure to hazardous chemicals at work can lead to serious illnesses, contributing to health inequities. (biomedcentral.com)
Chronic exposure to toxic chemicals at work can lead to serious illnesses such as asthma, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and reproductive health issues [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Persons exposed only to xylene vapor do not pose substantial risks of secondary contamination. (cdc.gov)
Persons whose clothing or skin is contaminated with liquid xylene can cause secondary contamination by direct contact or through off-gassing vapor. (cdc.gov)
Xylene vapor is heavier than air and may cause asphyxiation in enclosed, poorly ventilated, or low-lying areas. (cdc.gov)
Children exposed to the same levels of xylene vapor as adults may receive a larger dose because they have greater lung surface area:body weight ratios and increased minute volumes:weight ratios. (cdc.gov)
In addition, they may be exposed to higher levels than adults in the same location because of their short stature and the higher levels of xylene vapor found nearer to the ground. (cdc.gov)
Results of the confidential employee interviews and questionnaires, regarding previous employment, medical history, dermatitis, respiratory symptoms, and personal protective equipment use, revealed that employees reported respiratory and physical symptoms that are consistent with, but not specific for, workplace exposure to jet fuel vapor and jet exhaust. (cdc.gov)
Eye exposure to xylene vapor is the most common form of exposure. (healthfully.com)
Individuals may experience redness, pain, swelling, tearing and hazy vision after exposure to the vapor. (healthfully.com)
The CLEAR team hypothesizes that VOC exposure through vapor intrusion early in life incites inflammatory responses in maternal tissues as well in the developing offspring that reprogram the developing immune system and other critical systems, setting the stage for preterm birth and/or associated adverse health outcomes. (eurekalert.org)
Repeated exposure can lead to white matter damage (solvent vapor/toluene leukoencephalopathy), which may involve axonal damage rather than demyelination. (medscape.com)

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) off-gassing from synthetic materials, nitrogen dioxide and harmful outdoor VOCs such benzene, toluene, ethyl-benzene and xylene penetrate into the indoor environment through ventilation and are the main contributors to poor indoor air quality with health effects. (springer.com)

A return visit was completed December 11 and 12, 2000, during which quantitative sampling was performed for major compounds of the jet fuel, such as benzene , toluene, and xylene. (cdc.gov)
Thin-layer chromatography of hippuric and m-methylhippuric acid in urine after mixed exposure to toluene and xylene. (bmj.com)
Formaldehyde, along with toluene , and xylene , is used to process and preserve biopsy tissue, displace water, and to create glass slides. (darkdaily.com)

NIOSH recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration). (cdc.gov)
Cancer rates in the U.S. are skyrocketing, and exposure to carcinogens is now a significant factor in a huge amount of cases. (nationofchange.org)

At the same time, we developed a sustainable histology process to reduce xylene utilization in histological processing for salivary gland tissue processing. (lu.se)
Lastly, we developed a histology process without xylene and a more objective histological evaluation (via scoring system) in Paper IV. (lu.se)

The odor of xylene is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 to 3.7 ppm (parts of xylene per million parts of air) and can be tasted in water at 0.53 to 1.8 ppm. (wikipedia.org)
Concentrations of jet fuel compounds were found to be well below established occupational exposure limits. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations of carbon monoxide in air were found to be above the ceiling limits for occupational exposure for two workers, most likely attributable to exposure to truck exhaust inside the mechanics' garage. (cdc.gov)
A number of studies addressing neurobehavioural effects of xylenes in rodents and humans have been reported, however these often use a limited range of exposure concentrations with some conflicting results and are therefore considered to be generally unreliable. (europa.eu)
The time-weighted average concentrations of the hydrocarbons detected in the breathing zone air shows that the exposure levels of the workers are relatively high in comparison to the exposure limits. (witpress.com)
Workers with a history of asthma induced by solvent exposure should also be warned about and protected from short-term exposure to higher concentrations. (medscape.com)

Being benzylic and hence weakened, the C-H bonds of the methyl groups are susceptible to free-radical reactions, including halogenation to the corresponding xylene dichlorides (bis(chloromethyl)benzenes), while mono-bromination yields xylyl bromide, a tear gas agent. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, exposure to formaldehyde among nurses is well-documented. (darkdaily.com)
Now, motivated by increasing formaldehyde regulations in Europe, as well as the need to increase awareness of exposure risks, the University of Turin (Unito), and other hospitals in Italy's Piedmont region, conducted a cross-sectional study of 94 female nurses who were being potentially exposed to formaldehyde. (darkdaily.com)

Commercial grade xylene, in which m-xylene is usually the major constituent, is a clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, aromatic odor. (cdc.gov)
Xylene (C 8 H 10 ) is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet odor. (cdc.gov)

A descriptive analysis by the Chi-square test method was performed to evaluate the association between occupational exposure to fuels and the occurrence of changes in hematological parameters. (bvsalud.org)

The level of exposure depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done. (cdc.gov)
Benzene metabolites found in a worker's urine indicate some level of exposure during the work shift. (cdc.gov)
This study differs from other similar tests because the level of exposure is not just potential, due to environmental contamination, but confirmed with analytic data from specific urine analyses. (darkdaily.com)
The Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 200 ppm is considered an acceptable level of exposure as a time-weighted average for an 8-hour workday. (medscape.com)

One tank stores naphtha, another contains xylene, the latest to catch fire contains toluene and the others hold "gas blend stocks used in the production of finished gasoline, and base oil commonly used as machine lubricants," ITC said. (tmj4.com)
ITC describes naphtha and xylene as "components in gasoline. (tmj4.com)

Xylene is used to remove paraffin from dried microscope slides prior to staining. (wikipedia.org)

Visit NIOSH's page on Managing Chemical Safety in the Workplace to learn more about controlling chemical workplace exposures. (cdc.gov)
Occupational exposure limits can be used to judge the hygienic status of workers in the workplace and form the basis for hygienic supervision in the workplace as an occupational health management tool [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
ii] Real-time, direct reading instruments were also used to characterize peak and short-term exposures to workers and various workplace areas for volatile organic compounds, benzene, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, and flammable/explosive atmospheres. (cdc.gov)
Ses travaux de recherche ont été subventionnés par la Société de recherche sur le cancer en partenariat avec le Gouvernement du Québec et le Fonds de la recherche du Québec - Santé, la Société canadienne du cancer, les Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada, le National Institutes of Health (US-NIH), le Workplace Safety and Insurance Board de l'Ontario, le Ministère du travail de l'Ontario et Prostate Cancer Canada. (inrs.ca)
In this article, we expand on theories of 'responsibilization' in an occupational health context to reveal how responsibilities for workplace chemical exposures are negotiated by workers and owners in Latinx-owned small businesses. (biomedcentral.com)
Participants were asked about their insights into workplace chemical exposures and health. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study seeks to answer: How is responsibility for mitigating workplace chemical exposures distributed among different occupational health actors, such as small business owners and workers, product manufacturers, and policy makers? (biomedcentral.com)
A single workplace can be a site of multiple exposures to potentially toxic agents [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has determined the acceptable level of occupational exposure to toluene for people in the workplace. (medscape.com)

A STEL of 100 ppm (442 mg/m3) was recommended to limit peak exposures which could result in eye and respiratory tract irritation. (europa.eu)
Skin exposure to xylene may cause some minor skin irritation. (healthfully.com)

Carbon monoxide (CO) exposure was also monitored. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to carbon monoxide for all other workers was below occupational exposure limits. (cdc.gov)

Table 1 lists common sources of organic solvent exposures. (medscape.com)
The Center will be dedicated to understanding and mitigating adverse birth outcomes and serious developmental health problems that have been associated with urban environmental exposure to volatile organic chemcials (VOCs), a special class of pollutant found in the subsurface of post-industrial cities like Detroit. (eurekalert.org)
Since plastics are known to sorb hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) there is a question of what risk of chemical exposure is posed to aquatic biota from microplastic-associated contaminants. (researchgate.net)
Therefore, these results support the conclusion that in most cases the transfer of organic pollutants to aquatic organisms from microplastic in the diet is likely a small contribution compared to other natural pathways of exposure. (researchgate.net)

Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure has been shown to produce a parkinsonism-like illness characterized by movement abnormalities. (wikipedia.org)
Chronic toxicity is one way that even small exposures to a chemical can cause serious harm in the long run. (grainger.com)
These findings support the hypothesized association of solvent exposure with the development of chronic renal failure. (scirp.org)

We will have five integrative environmental science and engineering and biomedical research projects that will investigate toxic mechanisms, exposure pathways, biomarkers and strategies to prevent exposures and improve public health outcomes," said Runge-Morris. (eurekalert.org)
The available data on biomarkers of exposure for DCM are limited, and thus represent a major research gap. (who.int)
To characterize the type of exposure (exposed and not exposed), trans,trans-Muconic acid (tt-MA), Hippuric acid (HA), and Methylhippuric acid (MHA) were used as exposure biomarkers. (bvsalud.org)

researchers from institutes in the U.S., Canada, Germany, and Argentina, were reviewing solvent exposure impact and looked at six substances, including TCE, said the BBC. (yourlawyer.com)
The pairs were interviewed to create work history and determine the likelihood of solvent exposure, according to the BBC. (yourlawyer.com)
W. E. Daniell, W. G. Couser and L. Rosenstock, "Occupational Solvent Exposure and Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature," Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 259, 1988, pp. 2280-2283. (scirp.org)
S. S. Al-Ghamdi, M. J. Raftery and M. M. Yaqoob, "Acute Solvent Exposure Induced Activation of Cytochrome P4502E1 Causes Proximal Tubular Cell Necrosis by Oxidative Stress," Toxicology in Vitro, Vol. 17, 2003, pp. 335-3412. (scirp.org)

Xylenes are produced mainly as part of the BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) extracted from the product of catalytic reforming known as reformate. (wikipedia.org)

NIOSH exposure assessments included short-term and full-shift personal breathing zone and area air sampling for exposures to benzene and other hydrocarbons using standard methods and analyses listed in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. (cdc.gov)
They also looked at the relationship between asthma or related symptoms and the types of jobs cleanup workers held, as well as their exposure to total hydrocarbons. (pollen.com)
The objective of this study is to assess the external and internal exposures to aromatic hydrocarbons in the cistern cleaning and cistern mechanic repair processes at a coke plant. (witpress.com)

However, NIOSH recommends exposure to carcinogenic compounds, such as benzene , be kept to the lowest feasible levels. (cdc.gov)
It describes "five validation trials of new vacuum sealing technologies that change the approach to the preanalytic 'front end' of specimen transport, handling, and processing, and illustrate their adaptation and integration into existing Lean laboratory operations with reduction in formalin use and personnel exposure to this toxic and potentially carcinogenic fixative. (darkdaily.com)

Lawrence said further research should examine the types of immune cells affected by the chemical exposure. (wbfo.org)
You can sense if your PPE has been damaged by chemical exposure or a mechanical stress - you can see if there's a tear or feel if there's a puncture in the PPE material, allowing chemical to penetrate through the barrier. (grainger.com)
There's a misconception that a breakthrough time of greater than 480 minutes means you can wear a garment without any chemical exposure for 480 minutes. (grainger.com)
and 3) reflections on the system behind chemical exposure risks. (biomedcentral.com)
Xerostomia (dry mouth symptoms) is a group of incurable debilitating conditions of salivary glands caused by aging, radiation/chemical exposure, or aberrant inflammation in the salivary glands. (lu.se)

Acute systemic toxicity can result from ingestion of xylene. (cdc.gov)
Short-term, high-level exposures such as those frequently reported in case reports can result in acute reversible and irreversible health effects that involve the CNS and PNS. (medscape.com)
Sensory deficits resulting from exposure to p-xylene were observed in a key study of the acute neurotoxic effects (Dyer, 1988). (europa.eu)
In rat studies, acute and repeated toluene exposure markedly reduces metabolic function in the brain, especially the hippocampus, pons and thalamus. (medscape.com)

The innovative CLEAR program integrates engineering and biomedical approaches to detect, quantify and eradicate the health risks that stem from environmental exposure to VOCs and their mixtures. (eurekalert.org)
Regardless of the burn frequency, it is important for all employers whose employees are exposed to molten asphalt to understand the potential risks of this exposure, safe work practices to avoid physical contact and emergency action plans in the event of a serious burn. (roofingcontractor.com)
They understand the risks exposure brings and take precautions to minimize those risks. (darkdaily.com)

The most common side effect of inhaled xylene is depression of the central nervous system causing dizziness, headache, nausea and vomiting. (healthfully.com)
Ingestion of xylene will cause a depression of the central nervous system resulting in dizziness, nausea and vomiting. (healthfully.com)
High exposures to xylene create an increase in oxidative stress, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, central nervous system depression, and death. (functional-labs.com)

The azeotrope with water consists of 60% xylenes and boils at 94.5 °C. As with many alkylbenzene compounds, xylenes form complexes with various halocarbons. (wikipedia.org)
Results of the personal breathing zone sampling for jet fuel compounds were below applicable exposure limits set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (cdc.gov)
Therefore, recommendations are made in this report concerning proper work practices such as hygienic practices, personal protective equipment use, and engineering control use, to minimize exposure to such compounds. (cdc.gov)
They may be grouped further into aliphatic-chain compounds, such as n -hexane, and as aromatic compounds with a 6-carbon ring, such as benzene or xylene. (medscape.com)

Xylene is less dense than water and will float on the surface of water. (cdc.gov)

NIOSHTIC-2 search results for xylene -NIOSHTIC-2 is a searchable database of worker safety and health publications, documents, grant reports, and journal articles supported in whole or in part by NIOSH. (cdc.gov)
Two individuals, however, each had one peak exposure above the NIOSH recommended ceiling limit for CO, most likely resulting from their proximity to exhaust from a running refueling truck. (cdc.gov)
Fifteen of these 17 samples exceeded the NIOSH recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.1 ppm (0.32 mg/m 3 )[vi]. (cdc.gov)
vii] Task-based personal breathing zone samples for benzene collected during tank gauging on flowback tanks exceeded the NIOSH short-term exposure limit (STEL) for benzene (1 ppm as a 15-minute TWA). (cdc.gov)
The NIOSHTIC-2 database (NIOSH, 2009) contains multiple entries for reports involving methylene exposure and furniture stripping. (who.int)

We conducted biological monitoring by collecting pre- and post-shift urine samples from flowback workers to evaluate exposure to benzene. (cdc.gov)
Xylenes are oxidized in the liver and bound to glycine before eliminated in urine. (functional-labs.com)

thus eliminating hazardous waste and exposure to women of child-bearing age to xylene and cancer-causing reagents. (biocare.net)

1 exposure to pesticides. (who.int)

So we conducted a meta-analysis, and to explore the influence of low concentration benzene exposure on workers' genetic damage indicators using 3.25 mg/m 3 as the boundary value, in order to provide a basis for improved prevention and control of the harm from benzene exposure to the occupational population. (biomedcentral.com)
Occupational benzene exposure can affect multiple genetic damage indicators. (biomedcentral.com)
Even at an exposure concentration lower than 3.25 mg/m 3 , benzene exposure has genotoxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
The average full-shift time-weighted average (TWA) personal breathing zone benzene exposure (± 1 standard deviation) for workers gauging flowback or production tanks (n=17) was 0.25 ± 0.16 parts per million (ppm). (cdc.gov)

The employees expressed concerns that potential exposure to jet fuel and aircraft exhaust may be related to health symptoms such as headache and respiratory problems. (cdc.gov)
To prevent these symptoms from occurring, wash exposed area with soap and water for at least 15 minutes after exposure. (healthfully.com)
Our findings, as well as prior case reports, suggest a lag time of up to 40 years between TCE exposure and onset of Parkinson's, providing a critical window of opportunity to potentially slow the disease before clinical symptoms appear," Dr. Goldman added. (yourlawyer.com)
Exposure to benzene may lead to the appearance of a series of signs, symptoms, and complications, which are characterized by benzene poisoning, which is an occupational disease. (bvsalud.org)
This study evaluated the presence of signs and symptoms related to occupational exposure and whether occupational exposure to BTX is associated with the development of hematological changes. (bvsalud.org)

The EWG Health Guideline of 1,800 ppb for xylenes was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment as a public health goal, the level of a drinking water contaminant that does not pose a significant health risk. (ewg.org)

In some cases, these exposures were estimated to be below acceptable levels, as designated in regulations for workers. (medscape.com)
Exposure levels varied depending on the person's cleanup jobs and how long they worked. (pollen.com)
Because children's bodies are smaller and still developing, they can become sick faster and at lower levels of exposure. (grist.org)
High xylene levels may be due to the use of certain perfumes and insect repellents. (functional-labs.com)
2002) reported that urinary DCM levels increased with the start of exposure and decreased during lunch and dinner breaks in subjects with multiple samples. (who.int)
2001). The formation of carboxyhemoglobin has been proposed to be a potential marker for estimating DCM exposure levels (Shusterman et al. (who.int)

The reality is that you can still have a toxic exposure before that time," said Ashleigh. (grainger.com)
I think the level of evidence that we currently have is enough to invoke the precautionary principal and take precautions to protect the public who live close to oil and gas development against the potential health effects of toxic exposure," said Epstein, whose city sits at the edge of another Texas shale play, the Permian Basin. (publicintegrity.org)

Generally, two kinds of reactions occur with xylenes: those involving the methyl groups and those involving the ring C-H bonds. (wikipedia.org)

The mechanism by which xylene produces toxicity is not known. (cdc.gov)
The legal limit for xylenes, established in 1991, was based on a toxicity study in laboratory animals conducted in the 1980s. (ewg.org)

Aspiration of xylene into the lungs during ingestion or vomiting can result in very serious health consequences. (healthfully.com)
Aspiration of xylene into the lungs during ingestion or vomiting may result in serious injuries to the lungs or even death. (healthfully.com)

Basketter and Kimber (2010) performed a weight of evidence evaluation of the sensitisation potential of mixed xylenes which included their own LLNA findings together with other chemical and biological considerations. (europa.eu)
The sensitisation potential of mixed xylenes when tested in the LLNA was described by Basketter et al. (europa.eu)
The sensitisation potential of mixed xylenes when tested in the standard local lymph node assay was reported by Basketter et al. (europa.eu)
Evidence for transdermal passage and presence in the food chain (fish) suggests potential exposure of humans during development. (researchgate.net)
chain (fish) suggests potential exposure of humans during development. (researchgate.net)
Included are descriptions of initial exposure assessments , findings , and recommendations to reduce worker exposures to potential hazards. (cdc.gov)

Workers may be harmed from exposure to xylene. (cdc.gov)
Workers in industries that use these agents may have occupational exposure, whereas other individuals may have environmental exposures if they live near industrial installations and/or have contact with contaminated water, soil, air, or food. (medscape.com)
Low-wage, Latinx workers in high-risk industries - such as beauty and automotive industries - are increasingly vulnerable to occupational exposures from under-regulated chemical ingredients and the rolling back of social welfare programs, such as Medicaid and disability [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
2) Material and Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiological study included 542 participants, in which 324 were gas station workers (GSWs) and 218 were office workers (OWs) with no occupational exposure to benzene. (bvsalud.org)

If large amounts of xylene are inhaled, much more serious effects are likely to occur. (healthfully.com)
If large quantities of xylene are aspirated into the lungs, pulmonary edema, pulmonary bleeding, coma, seizures or death may occur. (healthfully.com)

Xylene is irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract. (cdc.gov)
Fifty-one firefighters in two groups, 25 without respiratory protection and 26 wearing cartridge respirators, were monitored for exposure to products of combustion and changes in spirometric measurements and lung permeability following overhaul of a structural fire. (cdc.gov)

However, most occupational exposures involved solvent mixtures. (medscape.com)

Xylene is used in the laboratory to make baths with dry ice to cool reaction vessels, and as a solvent to remove synthetic immersion oil from the microscope objective in light microscopy. (wikipedia.org)

Xylene was first isolated and named in 1850 by the French chemist Auguste Cahours (1813-1891), having been discovered as a constituent of wood tar. (wikipedia.org)

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates worker exposure. (medscape.com)

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs15

Phenomena and Processes1

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science1

Health Care3

Ethylbenzene4

Isomers13

Inhalation11

Solvents6

Chemicals13

Vapor10

Ethyl benzene1

Toluene and xylene3

Carcinogens2

Histology process2

Concentrations6

Benzenes1

Formaldehyde2

Odor2

Fuels1

Level of exposure4

Gasoline2

Paraffin1

Workplace9

Irritation2

Carbon monoxide2

Organic4

Chronic3

Biomarkers3

Solvent exposure4

Aromatics1

Hydrocarbons3

Carcinogenic2

Chemical exposure5

Acute4

Risks3

Dizziness3

Compounds4

Less dense1

NIOSH5

Urine2

Hazardous1

Pesticides1

Benzene exposure4

Symptoms5

Guideline1

Levels6

Toxic exposure2

Methyl1

Toxicity2

Ingestion2

Potential6

Workers4

Occur2

Respiratory2

Mixtures1

Laboratory1

Constituent1

Worker1