Exposure humans in 1998. Medical search. Frequent questions

Therefore, in 1997 Alberta Health (AH) conducted a human health risk assessment study to estimate human exposure and to evaluate the effectiveness of public health interventions. (alberta.ca)
Since the first confirmed human infection with avian influenza A(H5N1) virus was reported in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in 1997, sporadic zoonotic avian influenza viruses causing illness in humans have been identified globally, with the WHO Western Pacific Region as one of the hotspots. (who.int)
Update: isolation of avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from humans--Hong Kong, 1997-1998. (who.int)

Epidemiology of lindane exposures for pediculosis reported to poison centers in Texas, 1998-2002. (cdc.gov)
OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe the patterns of a large number of lindane exposures reported to poison centers in Texas during 1998-2002. (cdc.gov)
The incidence of lindane exposures has decreased by 52% from 1998 to 2002. (cdc.gov)

The agents and exposures listed will be considered during the period 2000-2005. (who.int)

25 µg/dL in adults caused by workplace exposures. (cdc.gov)
The primary exposures include diagnostic radiographs, radiopharmaceuticals, workplace exposures, and environmental exposures such as those that occurred after the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear reactor accidents. (medscape.com)

As reported, food is the main source of cadmium exposure for the non-occupationally exposed population (WHO 1992). (biomedcentral.com)
1992). UV exposure reduces immunization lation age 13-50 years. (who.int)

25 µg/dL, as reported by 25 states during 1998--2001. (cdc.gov)
2 years during 1998--2001. (cdc.gov)
40 µg/dL, the overall program's annual mean state prevalence rate during 1998--2001 was 2.9/100,000 employed adults. (cdc.gov)

1993). In addition, maternal alcohol consumption during gestation is known to cause fetal growth retardation in humans and laboratory animals (Lin, 1991), an effect persisting for a long period affect parturition (Oyama et al . (scialert.net)
Reproductive risk of toxicant exposure includes fetal effects, especially congenital anomalies. (medscape.com)
Sulfonamides have not been reported to cause neonatal kernicterus as a result of fetal exposure at any gestational age. (aafp.org)
Fetal exposure to nitrofurantoin has not been reported to cause hemolytic anemia in the newborn, and metronidazole has not been associated with an increase in birth defects or subsequent cancer. (aafp.org)

This report describes occupational exposure to animals infected with the RB51 strain and emphasizes the need for surveillance of unintentional exposure of humans to RB51 to assess outcomes of such exposures. (cdc.gov)
In addition, to assess a possible contribution of lead exposure from the child's previous residence in Egypt, the Field Epidemiology Training Program of the Egyptian Ministry of Health obtained soil and dust samples from that location. (cdc.gov)
To assess the developmental neurotoxicity of more realistic TRAP exposures, we exposed male and female rats during gestation and early postnatal development to TRAP drawn directly from a traffic tunnel in Northern California and delivered to animals in real-time. (nature.com)
Biomarkers for mercury (Hg) exposure have frequently been used to assess exposure and risk in various groups of the general population. (biomedcentral.com)
The purpose of this study was to assess the exposure of the rural population from Cluj County, Romania, to rabies risk factors. (rrh.org.au)
The aim of this study was to assess the contribution of dietary cadmium exposure in environmental cadmium exposure and its health risk among adults in Shanghai, China. (biomedcentral.com)
In making its recommendations the Advisory Group affirmed the need regularly to assess the scientific evidence on chemical, biological and physical agents relevant to the causation of human cancer. (who.int)

First, because these species are altricial, birth occurs at neurodevelopmental stages analogous to the end of the second trimester of human pregnancy, so that adverse effects originating in late gestation would be better modeled in nonhuman primates such as the monkey. (nature.com)
For these studies we use neurons that are maintained in cell culture as well as genetically-modified strains of mice that are at increased risk for developing neurodegenerative conditions analogous to those observed in humans. (uml.edu)

We have evaluated the most frequently used biomarkers and the physiology on which they are based, to explore the inter-individual variations and their suitability for exposure assessment. (biomedcentral.com)
BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION The Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) monographs produced by the International Programme on Chemical Safety include an assessment of the effects on the environment and on human health of exposure to a chemical or combination of chemicals, or physical or biological agents. (inchem.org)
However, recent studies of radiation hormesis surprisingly suggest that very low exposures may be harmless or even beneficial for health, and if verified could change the assessment about the long-term risk of hanging out on the Red Planet. (almanac.com)
There are also data gaps concerning the pathways and use of chemicals and related exposures (Box 2), which makes risk assessment difficult, especially when the identity of the chemicals is difficult to establish (Johnston et al. (europa.eu)
A long-term environmental monitoring and human exposure assessment program has been ongoing since 1998 to monitor concentrations of. (alberta.ca)
Although an ecological risk assessment has been prepared, the focus of this assessment of 2-nitrotoluene relates primarily to human health risks. (gc.ca)
Margins of exposure were not calculated for non-cancer effects in this assessment since non-cancer effects occurred at a dose at which tumours were observed and because the information available indicates that exposures of the general Canadian population to 2-nitrotoluene from either environmental media or consumer products are expected to be negligible. (gc.ca)
As infected animals and contaminated environments are the primary source of human infections, regional analyses that bring together surveillance data from human and animal health sectors are an important basis for exposure and transmission risk assessment and public health action. (who.int)

However, methods quantifying human exposure to infected ticks are much more challenging. (cdc.gov)
METHODS: Data on all lindane exposures for pediculosis reported to the Texas Poison Center Network were analyzed. (cdc.gov)

[ 2 ] A number of modalities may be required for diagnosis and treatment of exposures in pregnancy. (medscape.com)
The clearest example of a disruptor is diethylstilbestrol (DES), a chemical that behaves like a hormone and not only affects the health of the exposed person, but also can generate irreversible damage to their descendants since the exposure of a mother to these compounds during pregnancy can generate varied and unexpected effects on the offspring several decades after having been exposed in utero. (ivis.org)
The risk of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding is as high as 25-30% in the absence of treatment. (medscape.com)
The Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry, where clinicians should report cases of exposure to antiviral therapy in pregnancy, contains approximately 18,000 reported exposures and notes no increase in the congenital malformation rate with exposure to antiretroviral medications, even in the first trimester, with the exception of didanosine and nelfinavir . (medscape.com)

1995. Treatment guidelines for lead exposure in children. (cdc.gov)

Sulfuric acid has been found in at least 47 of the 1,467 current or former EPA National Priorities List (NPL) hazardous waste sites (HazDat 1998). (cdc.gov)
Noise is considered hazardous when it is 85 dBA or above [NIOSH 1998]. (cdc.gov)
Thanks to their efforts, we have been able to present well-documented articles for activists, scientists, scholars and students to share with them valuable information about the hazardous impact of DU contamination and its consequences on human health and the environment. (ratical.org)
To counter the negative health impacts arising from exposure to hazardous chemicals, in addition to health-sector action, substantial health gains could result from cooperation with other sectors such as environment, transport and agriculture. (who.int)

According to the TRI, in 1996, releases of sulfuric acid to the environment from 714 large processing facilities totaled 15,077,944 kg (33,246,867 pounds) (TR196 1998). (cdc.gov)

Results appear in the Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology . (medindia.net)
It provides information on human and animal rabies regarding to epidemiology, surveillance, and cases from european countries (from Albania to United Kingdon). (bvsalud.org)
Regional analyses of human infections with avian influenza subtypes revealed distinct patterns and variations in epidemiology across countries, age, and time. (who.int)
An overview of the epidemiology and emergence of influenza A infection in humans over time. (who.int)

As of now, researchers are looking at the risks to the human body and whether humans are even capable of surviving a trip to Mars. (almanac.com)
The results revealed that the estimated levels of compound exposure through dust ingestion, even under the high-exposure scenario were also below their reference dose (RfD) values, indicating that human health risks from exposure to flame retardants (FRs) via indoor dust ingestion are not significant. (ac.vn)
The relevance of animal test results for risks to humans is also difficult to establish, and is complicated by species dependent effects. (europa.eu)
The American Association of Feline Practitioner's (AAFP) Zoonoses Guidelines states 'All human or animal care providers should provide accurate information to pet owners concerning the risks and benefits of pet ownership so that an informed decision about acquiring and keeping pets can be made' (Brown et al , 2003). (vin.com)
These findings emphasize that diagnostic workups for enteric infections are indicated due to potential human health risks. (vin.com)
The probabilistic model showed that 93.4% of the population did not have any health risks from dietary cadmium exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
Exposure to the sun and sunbeds and the risk of knowledge relating to exposure and health cutaneous melanoma in the UK: a case-control risks], Report, Maisons-Alfort, France (in study. (who.int)
The purpose of the IARC Monographs Programme on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans is to identify individual agents or environmental exposures that may be causes of human cancer, in order to provide a scientific basis for cancer prevention. (who.int)

In addition, the gestational window is critical because exposures outside certain gestational periods may be nontoxic, while the same doses can cause devastating results within the window. (medscape.com)

Efforts and resources have to be focused on testing for chemicals that pose the greatest health concern because of factors such as toxicity and risk of exposure. (cdc.gov)
no. 106) 1.Phosgene - toxicity 2.Environmental exposure 3.Guidelines I.International Programme on Chemical Safety II.Series ISBN 92 4 15106 0 (NLM Classification: QV 664) ISSN 0259-7268 The World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. (inchem.org)
by the US EPA and the Chemical Manufacturers Association of America confirms that about 75% of chemicals have insufficient toxicity or eco-toxicity data for preliminary OECD risk assessments (CMA,1998). (europa.eu)

2011). Modification by antioxidant supplementation of changes in human lung function associated with air pollutant exposure: a systematic review. (4life.com)
Kim Y. R., Harden F. A., Toms L. M. and Norman R. E. - Health consequences of exposure to brominated flame retardants: a systematic review, Chemosphere. (ac.vn)

The public health burden of such infections can be defined as the product of the abundance of potential sources of infection (i.e., environmental hazards) and the frequency of human exposure ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
ATSDR will continue to work with the community, the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals, the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality, and the Environmental Protection Agency to identify communities at risk for possible exposures to dioxin or other environmental contaminants. (cdc.gov)
ATSDR will continue to work with the community, State, and Federal agencies to identify communities at risk for possible exposures to environmental contaminants. (cdc.gov)
The roentgen equivalent man (rem) unit of measure and sievert (Sv) unit are used to quantify radiation exposure over time (eg, environmental releases). (medscape.com)
Exposure to flame retardants once widely used in consumer products has dropped over the 15 year period after the phase out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), according to a new study by the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health at Columbia's Mailman School of Public Health. (medindia.net)
Environmental exposure to cadmium causes renal dysfunction and bone damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Cadmium contamination in food is regarded as the main environmental source of non-occupational exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
The food frequency questionnaire was combined with food, tobacco and water cadmium exposure to estimate the daily environmental cadmium exposure in both point and probabilistic estimations. (biomedcentral.com)
Correlation analysis was conducted between the internal cadmium exposure and environmental cadmium exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
According to the point estimation, average daily environmental cadmium exposure of the participants was 16.7 μg/day and approached 33.8% of the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI). (biomedcentral.com)
Positive correlations were observed between environmental cadmium exposure and blood cadmium (R? (biomedcentral.com)
Exposures of the general population to 2-nitrotoluene through environmental media (air, drinking water and soil) are expected to be negligible. (gc.ca)
More than 25% of the global burden of disease is linked to environmental factors, including chemicals exposures. (who.int)
This is accomplished by evaluating the strength of the published scientific evidence for carcinogenicity of agents and environmental factors or circumstances to which humans are exposed. (who.int)

We are also concerned about how the mixing and accumulation of these many chemicals inside the body affect overall human health. (cdc.gov)
The is the first to show that levels of PBDEs measured in children significantly decreased over a 15-year period between 1998 and 2013, although the chemicals were present in all children tested. (medindia.net)
Some chemicals may be harmful to rats at high doses, but not to humans at lower doses. (europa.eu)
These chemicals can be harmful to human health. (alberta.ca)
The Sixty-second World Health Assembly deferred consideration of this agenda item to the Executive Board at its 126th session.1 This report outlines the importance of the sound management of chemicals for the protection of human health and provides an update on implementation of the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management from a health-sector perspective, including further opportunities for action. (who.int)
For example, the growth in global output of chemicals between 1970 and 1998 was almost nine-fold. (who.int)
Unintentional poisonings kill an estimated 355 000 people each year, two thirds in developing countries, where such poisonings are strongly associated with excessive exposure to, and inappropriate use of, toxic chemicals, including pesticides. (who.int)

Mapping the public health threat of tickborne pathogens requires quantification of not only the density of infected host-seeking ticks but also the rate of human exposure to these ticks. (cdc.gov)
The countryside (outdoors) represents a contemporary arena for recreation, and the benefits of such recreation to human health and well-being are widely recognized and strongly promoted by governments and other stakeholders. (cdc.gov)
On April 19, the Manchester Health Department and New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (NHDHHS) initiated an investigation, including interviews and blood lead tests of the patient's family and an inspection of her residence. (cdc.gov)
Recently, additional concerns surfaced regarding glyphosate's possible impact on human health. (panna.org)
Repeated exposure to loud noise can create lifelong health issues. (cdc.gov)
The right to health is closely related to and largely dependent upon the realization of other human rights including the right to food, housing, work, education, human dignity, life, non-discrimination, equality, prohibition of torture, among others. (who.int)
Declaration3 and subsequently the 1998 World Health Assembly Resolution WHA51.7.4 Additionally the World Health Assembly has adopted a number of resolutions on issues such as women's health, child and adolescent health, HIV/AIDS, mental health, essential medicines, indigenous peoples' health, among others, all of which consider health as a human right. (who.int)
The Eleventh General Programme of Work for the period 2006-20155 as well as the Medium-Term Strategic Plan for 2008-20136 underscores the importance of human rights and health equity in the work of WHO. (who.int)
Directions for WHO (2010-2015) in the African Region7 commit WHO to support countries to develop health policies and strategies that enhance equity, and are responsive to gender, and based on human rights. (who.int)
Several core international human rights treaties, ratified by Member States, recognize the right to health. (who.int)
4 Annex to World Health Assembly Resolution 51.7 "Health for all Policy for the twenty-first century", May 1998. (who.int)
occupational sharps injuries include recap- ping needles, disassembling equipment, The transmission of blood-borne pathogens accessing intravenous (IV) tubing devices, from patients to health care workers via oc- disposing of contaminated sharps, disen- cupational exposure has been well known for gaging pre-filled cartridge and needle units many years [ 1 ]. (who.int)
Due to their persistence in the environment and evidence of human health effects, pentaBDE, a specific technical mixture of PBDEs was phased out of use in couches, mattresses, carpet padding, and other upholstered products beginning in 2004. (medindia.net)
Lyche J. L., Rosseland C., Berge G. and Polder A. - Human health risk associated with brominated flame-retardants (BFRs), Environ Int. 74 (2015) 170-80. (ac.vn)
Atlanta GA: Department of Health and Human Services. (cdc.gov)
It has been suggested that there is no increased health risk among adult residents in Shanghai, China because of recent total cadmium exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, it was necessary to evaluate dietary cadmium exposure and its health risk for future policymaking on cadmium contamination prevention. (biomedcentral.com)
On the basis of the carcinogenic potential of 2-nitrotoluene, for which there may be a probability of harm at any exposure level, it is concluded that 2-nitrotoluene is a substance that may be entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health. (gc.ca)
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (U.S. (upenn.edu)
Antenatal diagnosis : report of a consensus development conference sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, assisted by the Office for Medical Applications of Research and the Fogarty International Center, March 5-7, 1979, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (upenn.edu)
U.S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [for sale by the Supt. of Docs. (upenn.edu)
Management for Human Health and Livelihood. (who.int)
The opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)

Nous avons comparé les résultats avec ceux d'une étude similaire réalisée en 1993. (who.int)

It has been proposed that H-THg reflects inorganic mercury exposure at low MeHg exposure in populations with no or low fish consumption [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

As C. jejuni and C. coli are the main Campylobacter pathogens which cause human acute intestinal disease and they originate from animal sources, Campylobacteriosis has historically been considered to be zoonotic. (frontiersin.org)
Zoonotic diseases are defined as being common to, shared by, or naturally transmitted between humans and other vertebrate animals. (vin.com)
Humans are infected with zoonotic agents from direct contact with the infected animals, contact via contaminated food or water, from shared vectors, and from the shared environment. (vin.com)
Humans are unlikely to contract zoonotic diseases from contact with their healthy cats and so in most cases do not need to relinquish them. (vin.com)
Adaptive pathways of zoonotic influenza viruses: from exposure to establishment in humans. (who.int)

To investigate the relation between childhood acute leukaemia and household exposure to pesticides. (bmj.com)
The detailed report, produced by the German government as part of an extensive review process to determine which pesticides will be allowed for use in the European Union (EU), was completed in December 1998. (panna.org)
Organochlorine pesticides are very persistent liposoluble compounds with high half-life times in human organism. (scialert.net)

From the number of tick bites recorded and prevalence of tick infection with Borrelia burgdoferi sensu lato and B. miyamotoi , we quantified the frequency of competitor exposure to the pathogens. (cdc.gov)

The review set comprises primarily longitudinal studies, with several cross-sectional studies using retrospective measures of childhood nature exposure. (mdpi.com)
The results reported herein support the hypothesis that various types of insecticide exposure may be a risk factor for childhood acute leukaemia. (bmj.com)
Several studies 2- 8 and two reviews of epidemiological studies 9, 10 have suggested that household pesticide exposure may be associated with childhood leukaemia. (bmj.com)
Residential pesticide exposure has also been associated with other childhood cancers (lymphoma, brain tumour, neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumour, and Ewing's sarcoma). (bmj.com)
This paper analyses the relation between pesticide exposure and childhood acute leukaemia. (bmj.com)
Neurological and Behavioral Consequences of Childhood Lead Exposure. (cdc.gov)

Collectively, these data indicate that exposure to real-world levels of TRAP during gestation and early postnatal development modulate neurodevelopment, corroborating epidemiological evidence of an association between TRAP exposure and increased risk of NDDs. (nature.com)
Because the baseline risk is small, if an exposure conveys a modestly increased risk, a large population of infants is required to detect an increase in anomalies. (medscape.com)
Two Swedish studies found an increased risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma linked to exposure to glyphosate. (panna.org)
According to Professor Lennart Hardell, the studies' principal investigator, exposure to the herbicide increases the risk of this cancer by a factor of three. (panna.org)
Data regarding the exposure of the rural population from Cluj County to rabies risk factors were collected from the Vaccination Center registry at the Infectious Diseases Teaching Hospital in Cluj-Napoca. (rrh.org.au)
The fatal risk of rabies in human beings, and the persistence of the virus in this geographic area, makes legitimate the recommendation of prophylactic procedures for persons exposed to potentially rabid animals. (rrh.org.au)
For other drugs, a theoretic risk exists but no untoward effects have been reported in humans. (aafp.org)
Risk factors of squa- individual pigmentation and sun exposure. (who.int)

A hair sample lead concentration was 31 µ g/g in the distal centimeter and 67 µ g/g in the proximal centimeter, indicating a large increase in lead exposure during the preceding month. (cdc.gov)
2005. Lead Exposure in Children: Prevention, Detection, and Management. (cdc.gov)
Low Level Lead Exposure Harms Children: A Renewed Call for Primary Prevention. (cdc.gov)
Secondhand tobacco smoke: a source of lead exposure in US children and adolescents. (cdc.gov)
Pre-and Postnatal Lead Exposure and Behavior Problems in School-Aged Children. (cdc.gov)
2013. Heavy metal lead exposure, osteoporotic-like phenotype in an animal model, and depression of Wnt signaling. (cdc.gov)
Worldwide, lead exposure, for example, accounts for 3% of the cerebrovascular disease burden and 2% of the ischaemic heart disease burden. (who.int)
About 800 000 children each year are affected by lead exposure, leading to lower intelligence quotients and potential mild mental retardation. (who.int)

Some 9% of the global disease burden of lung cancer is attributed to occupational exposure and 5% to outdoor air pollution. (who.int)

Exposure to selected TRAP components has been shown to cause various NDD-relevant outcomes in rodent models. (nature.com)

There is an increasing interest in the potential effects of alcohol consumption on human hearts worldwide (Oyama et al . (scialert.net)
Maternal alcohol consumption affects different organs and systems of the developing fetus (Dencker and Eriksson, 1998). (scialert.net)
Some of these animal hosted Campylobacter species, such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli , can cause acute bacterial gastroenteritis in humans through consumption of contaminated food or water ( Galanis, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
2018). Supplementation of the Diet by Exogenous Myrosinase via Mustard Seeds to Increase the Bioavailability of Sulforaphane in Healthy Human Subjects after the Consumption of Cooked Broccoli. (4life.com)
By sensitivity analysis, tobacco consumption, tobacco cadmium level, cadmium in vegetables and cadmium in rice accounted for 27.5%, 24.9%, 20.2% and 14.6% of the total cadmium exposure, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
All soybean proteins and foods currently available for human consumption contain significant amounts of the isoflavones daidzein and genistein, either in the unconjugate form or as different types of glycoside conjugates. (medscape.com)

However, although the presence of this pathogen in Ixodes ticks across the Northern Hemisphere has been widely reported, reported cases of human disease are still rare ( 6 ) and have yet to be encountered in the United Kingdom. (cdc.gov)
the Campylobacter species that cause human acute intestinal disease such as Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli originate from animals. (frontiersin.org)
Over the past decade, studies on human hosted Campylobacter species strongly suggest that Campylobacter concisus plays a role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (frontiersin.org)
Here we review the most recent advancements on C. concisus and other human hosted Campylobacter species including their clinical relevance, transmission, virulence factors, disease associated genes, interactions with the human immune system and pathogenic mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
How Does Toxic Exposure Cause Children's Disease? (cdc.gov)

Although measuring both of these parameters presents difficulties, accurately quantifying the frequency of human exposure is particularly challenging. (cdc.gov)
This study was performed in order to examine the effects of an extremely low frequency magnetic field on viral gene expression in human host cells . (emf-portal.org)

The number of animals that tested positive for rabies during the period April 1998 to December 2004 was 49. (rrh.org.au)
Rabies in Russia, 1960 - 1998. (bvsalud.org)
It presents tables which contain data related to human rabies cases by animal at source of exposure and by gender distribution, rabies cases in domestic animals and in wild life, and number of vaccina. (bvsalud.org)
WHO recommendations on rabies post-exposure treatment and the correct technique of intradermal immunization against rabies. (bvsalud.org)
It provides instructions for rabies exposure treatment (local treatment, cell culture, and vaccination), and for intradermal immunization (choice of vaccines, when use immunization, techniques, and si. (bvsalud.org)

Plausible physiologic and biologic mechanisms: For example, positing that a major change in organ formation was due to late-trimester pesticide exposure would not be plausible because organogenesis would have been completed before the exposures. (medscape.com)

Two determinations must be made when a physician responds to a patient's concerns about a specific exposure: (1) whether any quantity of the toxicant has known adverse effects on reproduction in humans and (2) whether the substance is present in sufficient quantity to affect the patient or population exposed. (medscape.com)
Teeth have in their composition the most resistant tissue in the human body - dental enamel - which provides high resistance against adverse conditions that can degrade DNA in the whole dental structure 14 . (bvsalud.org)

Their radiation exposures were not trivial and, years later, Alan Shepard wondered whether his time in space gave him the leukemia that ultimately took his life in 1998. (almanac.com)
Cutaneous malignant melanoma and exposure by immediate pigmentation induced by 382 nm to sunlamps and sunbeds: a descriptive study in radiation. (who.int)

To derive these values, ATSDR pooled data from seven studies that measured dioxin levels in residents of the United States who had no known exposure to dioxins, other than normal background levels. (cdc.gov)
Preliminary data indicate that approximately 112,000 tons of glyphosate were used worldwide in 1998. (panna.org)
Thus, despite the abundance of clinical data, a more precise functional organization of human olfaction has not been elucidated. (jneurosci.org)
Outbreak data and case-control studies have linked some serotypes to certain foods or exposures. (cdc.gov)
Currently, with the application of molecular biology resources in human identification, it became possible to identify a person even without physical ante-mortem data or with deteriorated biological material in negligible amounts, which are actually relatively common conditions in forensic analyses 7,12,16,19 . (bvsalud.org)

Competitive gymnasts have a higher exposure to potentially harmful flame-retardants than the general population, because such contaminants are present in foam used in gym equipments. (medindia.net)

1998). Antioxidant supplementation and respiratory functions among workers exposed to high levels of ozone. (4life.com)
Direct contact with cat feces (enteric zoonoses), respiratory secretions, urogenital secretions, or infected skin and exudates, as well as bites and scratches can result in human infections. (vin.com)

We propose that racial disparities in PTB are a cumulative biosensor of exposures that vary by race, arising from long-standing inequities. (bmj.com)

Since conditional licensure of the RB51 vaccine, 32 instances of unintentional inoculation or conjunctival exposure to the RB51 vaccine have been reported to the vaccine manufacturer or CDC. (cdc.gov)

Artisanal gold mining in developing countries remains a significant cause of exposure to mercury, while mercury-containing medical instruments such as thermometers and sphygmomanometers are a continuing source of exposure in developing and many developed countries. (who.int)

Exposure of simian virus-40-transformed human cells to magnetic fields results in increased levels of T-antigen mRNA and protein med. (emf-portal.org)
RESULTS: There were 528 reported human exposures to lindane for pediculosis. (cdc.gov)
The results indicate functional heterogeneity in areas critical to human olfaction. (jneurosci.org)
Results showed that exposure to belladonna mother tincture at higher concentration (5, 10 %) cause embryonic malformation including pericardial edema, increase in body length, eye width and heart rate, while decrease hatching rate with no effect on mortality. (ijpsonline.com)

2016] looked at noise exposure among university groundskeepers. (cdc.gov)

From November 2003, when a resurgence of H5N1 virus activity in humans and animals occurred, through September 2017, 1,838 human infections with avian influenza viruses in the region were reported to WHO. (who.int)

Recently, indoor dust has been identified as a major human exposure route for flame retardants. (ac.vn)

In separate Army-sponsored studies, scientists observed behavioral problems, brain changes and immune system suppression in the animals many days after exposure to doses that caused no immediate effects, such as convulsions or pupil constriction. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
For example, 100 days after exposure, animals in the 40 percent dose group spent significantly more time in the center of their activity chambers and traveled greater distances in the chambers, McDonough said. (veteransforcommonsense.org)

Prevention of hookworm and roundworm infection is achieved by control of animal excrement in human environments. (vin.com)
The presented study analyzes the possibility of a relationship between the migratory flow from Haiti toward the Dominican Republic and the spread of HIV/AIDS, as well as implications for the human rights of immigrants living with the infection. (bvsalud.org)

It is now widely acknowledged that exposure to non-water sources of fluoride has significantly increased since the water fluoridation program first began (NRC 2006). (fluoridealert.org)

The study, begun in 1998, was finished last year. (veteransforcommonsense.org)

As stated in the Exposure Investigation (EI) report, ATSDR had evidence of increased exposure to dioxin in some residents of Calcasieu Parish and Mossville. (cdc.gov)

Post-exposure prophylaxis with antirabies serum immune globulin was prescribed in 9% of the cases ( n = 90). (rrh.org.au)

Chronic noise exposure can lead to tinnitus and/or hearing loss. (cdc.gov)
Several Campylobacter species utilize humans as their natural host and accumulated evidence supports their role in chronic inflammatory diseases of the human intestinal tract. (frontiersin.org)

The effects of high altitude on humans are mostly the consequences of reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, much of the preclinical literature reports effects of concentrated ambient particles or diesel exhaust that do not recapitulate the complexity of real-world TRAP exposures. (nature.com)
This issue is complicated in humans by the high natural spontaneous abortion rate of 15-30%, which makes determining the specific reproductive effects in humans difficult without studying large groups. (medscape.com)
He likened the exposures to nicotine's effects on the brain whether the nicotine is smoked, chewed or delivered through a skin patch. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
2018]. This two-part blog series provides basic information for grounds management professions about how to identify dangerous levels of noise exposure and what to do to protect themselves and others from the harmful effects of noise. (cdc.gov)
Negative effects of noise exposure are preventable if you know how and when to implement effective noise reduction strategies. (cdc.gov)
Exposure to 2-nitrotoluene has also been associated with non-cancer effects in experimental animals, including developmental and reproductive effects as well as effects in the lungs, liver, spleen, bone marrow and the hematopoietic system. (gc.ca)

For example, humans are 100 times more sensitive to the birth-defect impact of thalidomide than rats (Epstein, 1978). (europa.eu)

their concerted use should improve spatial and temporal mapping of human exposure to infected ticks. (cdc.gov)
The exposure must precede the outcome (eg, eliminate temporal ambiguity). (medscape.com)

The neurobiology of human olfaction has received less attention compared with other sensory modalities. (jneurosci.org)

Repeated loud noise exposure over weeks, months or years can eventually lead to permanent damage. (cdc.gov)
Human breast milk samples (40 samples) and adipose tissues (20 samples) were collected from mothers (17 to 56 years old, average age 30) living in two different locations in the north of Côte d Ivoire (Korhogo and Sinématiali) from 2004 to 2007. (scialert.net)
The half-life of cadmium is 10 to 30 years in humans. (biomedcentral.com)

TRAP exposure had no persistent effect on pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the male or female brain, but did significantly elevate the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in females. (nature.com)
While these associations have been reported for multiple cohorts in differing locations and across varying exposure levels, they have yet to be confirmed in an experimental model that reproduces the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of real-world TRAP to which humans are exposed. (nature.com)
The exposure of SV40 - transformed human fibroblasts to an electromagnetic field showed increased levels of virally derived mRNA and protein of the T- antigen . (emf-portal.org)
THg in hair reflects MeHg exposure at all exposure levels, and not IHg exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
THg in urine reflected IHg exposure, also at very low IHg exposure levels. (biomedcentral.com)
WASHINGTON - Low levels of sarin nerve gas affected behavior and organ functions in laboratory animals at least a month after exposure, suggests new research that may provide clues to the mysterious illnesses of Persian Gulf War veterans. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Other researchers say there is no way to calculate the exposure levels for sure. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Workplace sound levels are usually "A-weighted" (dBA), which takes into account the sensitivity of the human ear. (cdc.gov)
The levels of organochlorine residues in 40 samples of milk and 20 human adipose tissues from two locations in the northern of Côte d Ivoire were determined. (scialert.net)
Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) measured in children significantly decreased over a 15-year period between 1998 and 2013. (medindia.net)
Over time, levels of BDE-47, the most frequently detected component of the pentaBDE mixture in humans, decreased by about 5 percent per year from 1998 to 2013. (medindia.net)
Males had higher levels of dietary cadmium exposure than females (p? (biomedcentral.com)
The highest exposure levels occur predominantly in children in developing countries. (who.int)

Most animal studies published to date, however, have employed exposure paradigms that do not capture the complexity or spatiotemporal dynamics of real-world TRAP exposures. (nature.com)
Both studies involved rodents, and "that's a big leap to human beings," said Melinda Roberson, a behavioral neuroscientist involved in a study still under way. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Even so, the studies provide new information in an area where a lack of research has made it impossible to conclude whether Gulf veterans' illnesses are linked to low-level sarin gas exposure. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Dr. Robert Haley, an epidemiologist at University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, has published almost two dozen studies suggesting that some Gulf War veterans' illnesses are linked to brain damage resulting from exposure to toxins such as sarin. (veteransforcommonsense.org)
Most of the studies on the human hosted Campylobacter species in the past decade were on Campylobacter concisus , this bacterium is therefore the focus of this review. (frontiersin.org)
Recent studies have shown that dietary cadmium exposure is associated with the development of postmenopausal breast cancer in women [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Photocarcinogenesis in hairless mice induced tumors harbors more UVA than UVB fingerprint by ultraviolet A tanning devices with or without mutations: A role for UVA in human skin car- subsequent solar-simulated ultraviolet irradia- cinogenesis. (who.int)
1998). ment in hairless mice. (who.int)

2-Nitrotoluene was genotoxic in a range of in vitro and in vivo assays, was notably clastogenic in human peripheral lymphocytes and formed DNA adducts in exposed rodents. (gc.ca)

Both rads and grays typically refer to single-time exposures (eg, diagnostic procedures). (medscape.com)

Anatomy21

Organisms43

Diseases20

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment43

Psychiatry and Psychology16

Phenomena and Processes77

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Humanities1

Information Science5

Health Care10

Geographicals1

19973

20023

20001

Workplace exposures2

19922

20013

Fetal4

Assess7

Analogous2

Assessment8

Methods2

Pregnancy4

19951

Hazardous4

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Epidemiology4

Risks8

Gestational1

Toxicity3

Systematic Review2

Environmental14

Chemicals7

Health23

19931

Inorganic1

Zoonotic5

Pesticides3

Pathogens1

Childhood6

Risk8

Lead exposure8

Occupational exposure1

Outcomes1

Consumption6

Disease5

Frequency2

Rabies5

Pesticide exposure1

Adverse2

Radiation2

Data5

Contaminants1

Respiratory2

Cumulative1

Vaccine1

Source of exposure1

Results4

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Avian influenza1

Flame-retardants1

Days after exposure2

Infection2

Widely1

Begun1

ATSDR1

Post-exposure1

Chronic2

Effects7

Rats1

Temporal2

Modalities1

Years3

Levels13

Studies6

Mice2

Vitro1

Diagnostic1