Exposure doses. Medical search. Frequent questions

It does not negate the need for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), but simplifies PEP for persons who are at a higher risk for rabies than the general U.S. population, and is believed to provide some protection if PEP is inadvertently not sought or delayed. (cdc.gov)
Negligible risk of inducing resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with single-dose rifampicin as post-exposure prophylaxis for leprosy. (bvsalud.org)
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for leprosy is administered as one single dose of rifampicin (SDR) to the contacts of newly diagnosed leprosy patients . (bvsalud.org)
Leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis with single-dose rifampicin (LPEP): an international feasibility programme. (leprosy-information.org)
Leprosy Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (LPEP) programme: study protocol for evaluating the feasibility and impact on case detection rates of contact tracing and single dose rifampicin. (leprosy-information.org)

Importantly, high magnitude T cell responses are generated after two vaccine doses, with the majority of the T cell response directed against epitopes that are conserved between the prototype isolate B and the VOC. (nature.com)
The state reported that 229,906 of those total 950,515 vaccine doses were distributed in the last week. (boston.com)

We aimed to generate evidence on the feasibility of integrating contact tracing and administration of single-dose rifampicin (SDR) into routine leprosy control activities. (leprosy-information.org)

Rosenfeld, an associate professor in biomedical sciences, conducted the first study to examine concentrations of BPA in animals after exposure through a regular, daily diet, which she says is a better method to mirror the chronic and continuous exposure to BPA that occurs in animals and humans. (ens-newswire.com)
Mice fed BPA in their diet had higher blood concentrations than those given a single dose. (ens-newswire.com)
Specifically, Rosenfeld's research is challenging the dosing method used in an often-cited 2002 study of BPA exposure and blood concentrations in human subjects. (ens-newswire.com)
In her research, Rosenfeld measured BPA blood concentrations in mice exposed with the traditional method, a one-time oral dose. (ens-newswire.com)
With the established dose-response relationship, we were able to fully map the metabolite cartography of BPA exposure within a wide range of concentrations and observe some unique patterns. (ntu.edu.sg)
This study establishes a new link between actual human internal POP levels and the endocrine active dose in vitro, applying partitioning-controlled dosing from silicone to the H295R steroidogenesis assay: (1) Measured concentrations of POPs in silicone breast implants were taken from a recent study and silicone disks were loaded according to these measurements. (nih.gov)
However, with the partitioning-controlled freely dissolved concentrations (Cfree) as dose metrics, dose-response curves were left-shifted by two orders of magnitude relative to spiked concentrations. (nih.gov)
If chemical concentrations are above comparison values, ATSDR further analyzes exposure variables (e.g., duration and frequency) for health effects, including the toxicology of the chemical, other epidemiology studies, and the weight of evidence. (cdc.gov)

In high doses it is certainly lethal and chronic exposure is linked to the development of cancer. (scienceblog.com)
We synthesised the literature of chronic occupational exposure to LDIR and cardiovascular disease, particularly for ischaemic heart disease (IHD). (bmj.com)
Pulse exposures thus both overestimate the intensity of short-term exposures and effects and underestimate the more realistic long-term exposure, ecosystem effects, and accumulation seen in chronic exposures. (uky.edu)
During public meetings held at each of the eight sites, citizens voiced their concerns about chronic low-level exposure to the agents and the delayed effects that acute exposure might cause. (cdc.gov)

Should a 2-dose pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) series involving HDCV* or PCECV† intramuscular (IM) [0, 7 days] replace the 3-dose series IM [0, 7, 21/28 days] for all those for whom rabies vaccine PrEP is recommended? (cdc.gov)
in 2008, the ACIP recommended a 3-dose [0, 7, 21/28 days] intramuscular (IM) rabies vaccine series. (cdc.gov)
This data indicates the 2-dose PrEP rabies vaccine series is just as efficacious as the 3-dose PrEP rabies vaccine series. (cdc.gov)

Despite decades of clinical use, some studies suggest that low-dose methotrexate may be associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. (hcplive.com)
Case-control studies, cohort studies, and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included from MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov if they analyzed the odds or risk of cutaneous melanoma in individuals who were exposed to low-dose methotrexate and compared with individuals who were unexposed. (hcplive.com)
The high DAR species present in T-DM1 contribute to its toxicity and limit its clinical dose. (biorxiv.org)
Together, the data suggest that CAT-01-106 may be sufficiently tolerable to enable clinical dosing at trastuzumab-equivalent exposure levels, combining the functions of both the antibody and the payload in one drug and potentially improving patient outcomes. (biorxiv.org)
Following exposure, the most commonly encountered clinical effects include dermal (skin erythema and blistering), respiratory (pharyngitis, cough, dyspnea), ocular (conjunctivitis and burns), and gastrointestinal (nausea and vomiting). (cdc.gov)
The actual clinical manifestations of a vesicant exposure may be more variable than the syndrome described above. (cdc.gov)
Objective To assess the risk of meningioma associated with use of high dose cyproterone acetate, a progestogen indicated for clinical hyperandrogenism. (bmj.com)
However, the increasing need for the development of combination therapy due to resistance to monotherapy and poor long-term tolerance of approved dosing regimens, as evidenced by the frequency of dose reductions and/or interruptions ( Table 1 ) in trials supporting marketing applications ( 1-4 ), underscores the need for a more efficient process of dose selection in the early stages of clinical development. (aacrjournals.org)
In a landmark study, researchers at St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University have found that providing clinical (low) doses of penicillin to pregnant mice and their offspring results in long-term behavioural changes. (sciencedaily.com)
But there haven't been previous studies that have tested the effects of clinical doses of a commonly-used, narrow-spectrum antibiotic such as penicillin on gut bacteria and behaviour. (sciencedaily.com)
A previous study in 2014 raised similar concerns after finding that giving clinical doses of penicillin to mice in late pregnancy and early life led to a state of vulnerability to dietary induction of obesity. (sciencedaily.com)
Dose Finding in Drug Development introduces the drug development process, the design and the analysis of clinical trials. (chipsbooks.com)

Methodologically, the study showed that silicone can be used as reference partitioning phase to transfer in vivo exposure in humans (silicone implants) to in vitro assays (partition-controlled dosing). (nih.gov)

A more complete understanding of how different levels of exposure are detected by particular sampling methods will support the effective application and interpretation of testing protocols for controlling poultry infections and preventing transmission to humans. (scialert.net)

Dependent on the duration of exposure and on whether the contaminant is organic or inorganic. (cdc.gov)
The duration of exposure for each event in units of hours. (cdc.gov)
For organic contaminants, the equation used to determine DA event depends on the exposure duration (i.e., the contaminant-specific t* versus the site-specific t event ). (cdc.gov)
However, several critical parameters of S. enteritidis infections in chickens, including the relationship between the magnitude of oral exposure and the frequency and duration of bacterial shedding in voided feces, remain incompletely defined or explained. (scialert.net)
The results of this study indicate that the oral exposure dose can significantly influence the frequency and duration of S. enteritidis fecal shedding into the environment by infected laying hens. (scialert.net)
This conclusion was based on a systematic review of published studies on the duration of immunity following a single dose of YF vaccine, and on data that suggest vaccine failures are extremely rare and do not increase in frequency with time since vaccination [Gotuzzo 2013]. (cdc.gov)
Padding duration can be adjusted on a patient by patient basis, and decreased padding should be considered in dose reduction strategies for patients with excellent heart rate control," said LaBounty. (sciencedaily.com)
Logistic regression analysis revealed that the total duration of all interventional procedures per week was associated with partial-body exposure levels. (springer.com)

In 2011 the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) , which issues recommendations on radiation protection, reduced the dose limit for the lens of the eye for occupational exposure in planned exposure situations from 150 mSv per year to 20 mSv per year, averaged over five years with no annual dose in a single year exceeding 50 mSv. (oecd-nea.org)
Our findings suggest that occupational exposure to LDIR increases the risk IHD mortality and highlight the relevance of internal cohort comparisons. (bmj.com)
Occupational Exposure of the Eye Lens in Interventional Procedures: How to Assess and Manage Radiation Dose. (unil.ch)

Other studies have shown that large doses of broad-spectrum antibiotics in adult animals can affect behaviour. (sciencedaily.com)

Used to convert an absorbed dermal dose to an equivalent administered oral dose, which allows health assessors to combine doses from the ingestion and dermal exposure pathway for the same medium (soil/sediment, surface water) to create a total dose, and compare the combined dose to health guidelines or oral cancer slope factors. (cdc.gov)
For example, ingestion of a vesicant leads to gastrointestinal symptoms more prominent than those that would result from inhalation exposure to the same dose and type of vesicant. (cdc.gov)

Out of 264 persons receiving a 2-dose primary rabies vaccination series, 100% achieved a titer level at or above 0.5 IU/mL when measured 2-to-3 weeks following the second dose. (cdc.gov)
Therefore, if 10 or more years have elapsed since the last vaccination, people planning travel to a country with a YF vaccination entry requirement need to receive a booster dose of the vaccine. (cdc.gov)

Calculation of external exposure doses is based not on the radioactivity intensity (becquerels) but on the amount of radiation (grays or sieverts) the human body is exposed to. (go.jp)
Absorbed dose is used in the calculation of dose uptake in living tissue in both radiation protection (reduction of harmful effects), and radiology (potential beneficial effects, for example in cancer treatment). (wikipedia.org)
This calculation starts with the absorbed dose. (wikipedia.org)

However, in reality, Rosenfeld said, those exposed to a single oral dose ended up receiving a higher concentration than those exposed through diet. (ens-newswire.com)

Vesicants, also referred to as "blister agents," were the most commonly used chemical warfare agents during World War I. The most likely routes of exposure are inhalation, dermal contact, and ocular contact. (cdc.gov)

In the present study, groups of laying hens were experimentally infected with oral doses of 10 4 , 10 6 , or 10 8 CFU of a phage type 13a strain of S. enteritidis and the frequency at which the pathogen was shed in voided feces was determined at 8 weekly post-inoculation intervals. (scialert.net)
At 1 wk post-inoculation, the frequency of fecal shedding of S. enteritidis ranged from 23.8% for the 10 4 CFU dose to 87.5% for the 10 8 CFU dose. (scialert.net)
Use of special dosimeters to monitor partial-body exposure, as well as restricting the time and frequency of interventional procedures, could help reduce occupational radiation exposure. (springer.com)

Conclusions This study offers evidence of a dose-response relation between the number of CPIs owned by adolescents and higher likelihood of experimental and established smoking. (who.int)
In the study, published in the June 6 issue of the journal "Environmental Health Perspectives," Rosenfeld and her team continuously exposed mice to BPA through their feed, which is considered the primary route of exposure to this chemical in animals and humans. (ens-newswire.com)
Conducted by German researcher Wolfgang Völkel at the University of Würzburg, this study is considered a cornerstone for current U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines on acceptable BPA exposure for humans. (ens-newswire.com)
Chapter 5 demonstrates that there has been substantial continuity of doses, cohorts, and structure of the study during the 1950-1970, 1950-1974, 1950-1978, and 1950-1982 follow-ups ( Table 5-A ). (ratical.org)
Our proposal is that the eight 1950-1982 dose-cohorts of A-bomb survivors ( Table 5-A ) now be "frozen" and kept intact as the base for all the remaining follow-ups of the Life Span Study. (ratical.org)
Then, as supplemental information appended to the study, the new DS86 dose-estimates for these same cohorts of persons could be (and should be) provided. (ratical.org)
This study aimed to investigate if gestational and lactational exposure to human-relevant doses of PAR could alter behavioural and brain oxidative stress parameters in the rat`s offspring. (physiciansweekly.com)
The current study examined the effect of low-dose, environmentally relevant levels of arsenic (10 to 500 ppb) on transplacentally exposed mice (F1) and the next generation (F2) which focused on altered regulation of the normal cell cycle. (umaine.edu)
Findings from this study suggest transplacental arsenic exposure alters the expression of genes involved in regulation of the cell cycle and may be a probable mechanism involved in causing human diseases. (umaine.edu)
This study aims to understand the dose-response metabolite dysregulation pattern and metabolite sensitivity at the system-biological level. (ntu.edu.sg)
Overall, this study applied the dose-response metabolomics method to fully understand the biochemical pathway disruption of BPA treatment at different doses. (ntu.edu.sg)
In this study, our objective was to perform an extensive characterization of the human gut resistome (including the capacity of ARDs to transfer between species) and to assess its dynamics under various antibiotic exposures. (nature.com)
Many trials that support a regulatory application have high rates of dose reductions and discontinuations, which may result in postmarketing requirements (PMR) to study alternate doses or dosing schedules. (aacrjournals.org)
Understanding the root causes of the variations of dose in EUV lithography with the support of external research centers and collaborations, the student will devise an experimental approach to study and predict the effect of underlayers and ambient on the performance of several types of photoresist chemistries. (imec-int.com)
A study in which 24 trans women and 24 trans men who were taking gender-affirming hormone therapy were directly observed to take a daily dose of the standard formulation of the HIV prevention medication PrEP found that the levels of the two PrEP drugs tenofovir and emtricitabine were similar to the levels seen in similar cis men and women, and were all above levels associated with efficacy. (aidsmap.com)
Reduced or no "padding" during ECG-triggered coronary CT angiography results in a substantial reduction in radiation dose without affecting image quality and interpretability, according to a new study. (sciencedaily.com)
July 23, 2020 A CT scan technique that splits a full X-ray beam into thin beamlets can deliver the same quality of image at a much reduced radiation dose, according to a new study. (sciencedaily.com)
In the present study, effects of perinatal exposure to low levels of Cd or MeHg on thyroid hormone metabolism were examined using metallothionein I and II (MT-I/II) null or wild-type neonatal mice. (drcalapai.com)
Our study demonstrates that perinatal exposure to low doses of Cd or MeHg can induce changes in brain deiodinase activities in the neonates, suggesting that thyroid hormone metabolism in fetuses and neonates might be a potential target of Cd and MeHg. (drcalapai.com)

For some inorganic compounds, however, ATSDR adjusts the dermal dose using specific absorption factors. (cdc.gov)

The result showed that the purine metabolism pathway is the most venerable target of BPA, which can be a potential endogenous biomarker for its exposure. (ntu.edu.sg)
Researchers have discovered that, in mice, exposure to UV light activates a molecular pathway that increases production of the brain chemical glutamate, heightening the animals' ability to learn and remember. (the-scientist.com)

Nerve degeneration is considered an unlikely outcome either from acute intoxication with any of the nerve agents or from long-term exposure to them. (cdc.gov)

CAT-01-106 showed superior in vivo efficacy compared to T-DM1 at equal payload dosing and was equally or better tolerated compared to T-DM1 at equal payload dosing up to 120 mg/kg in Sprague-Dawley rats and 60 mg/kg in cynomolgus monkeys. (biorxiv.org)
Given the recent history of approvals based on the results of early-phase trials driven by extraordinary efficacy data, the incentive for conducting rigorous dose-finding trials may not occur prior to marketing approval. (aacrjournals.org)
Furthermore, the unknown efficacy in light of frequent dose reductions in the postmarket setting raises the question of whether efficacy reported in early-phase trials is accurate when applied to a real-world population. (aacrjournals.org)

therefore, CDC, through open meetings, convened a working group of experts to consider adverse effects of acute exposure to these agents. (cdc.gov)

ATSDR identifies and evaluates exposure pathways by considering how people might come into contact with a chemical. (cdc.gov)

See all articles in this CCR Focus section, "New Approaches for Optimizing Dosing of Anticancer Agents. (aacrjournals.org)

The intensity of radiation (dose rate) is strong (large) when the source of radiation (radiation source) is close, and it gets weaker (smaller) as the distance increases, even if the amount of radioactive materials remains the same. (go.jp)
Evidence suggests that low dose exposure increases the number and activity of the immune system's white blood cells, boosts cytocrine and enzyme activity, and increases antibody production and so reduces the incidence of infection, assists in wound healing, and protects us from exposure to high doses of radiation. (scienceblog.com)
Ionising radiation is a human carcinogen, but the evidence is less clear that exposure to low-dose ionising radiation (LDIR) increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. (bmj.com)
Partitioning-controlled dosing of POPs resulted in up to 2-fold increases in progestagen and corticosteroid levels at Cfree of individual POPs in or below the femtomolar range. (nih.gov)

Our findings suggest that interventional radiologists had greater chromosomal damages than those in other occupational groups, and their partial-body exposure levels might be high enough to cause local damage. (springer.com)

We first employed the global metabolomics method to characterize the metabolome of breast cancer cells (MCF-7) upon exposure to different doses (0, 20, 50, and 100 µM) of BPA. (ntu.edu.sg)
Photoresists play a key role in the lithography process by switching solubility upon exposure and therefore expressing the topological information of the mask onto the wafer. (imec-int.com)

Objective To assess whether a dose-response relation exists between the number of cigarette promotional items (CPIs) owned by an adolescent, and smoking behaviour. (who.int)
At city level, personal monitoring is the best way to assess people's exposure. (upf.edu)
We determined Papworth's U -value to assess the conformity of dicentrics with the Poisson distribution to estimate the partial-body exposures of the radiologists. (springer.com)

His own research suggests that radiation exposure can minimize infectious disease, reduce the incidence of cancer in the young, and substantially increase average lifespan. (scienceblog.com)

The number of CPIs owned by students was not associated with grade in school but was significantly higher in males, those with poorer school performance, those who perceived high prevalence of peer smoking, and those with higher exposure to peer and family smoking. (who.int)
The discovery of antibiotics and the rapid advent of the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the fact that it became apparent that exposure to high doses of radiation could be lethal led to the demise of this "alternative" approach to health. (scienceblog.com)
Drinking water is a major source of arsenic exposure in south-east Asia and western South America where high levels of arsenic occur naturally in groundwater. (umaine.edu)
Use of high dose. (bmj.com)
Participants had at least one reimbursement for high dose cyproterone acetate and no history of meningioma or benign brain tumour, or long term disease status. (bmj.com)
Such high doses of radiation are often therapeutic in nature and may be used for thymus enlargement, tinea capitis, and other conditions. (healthline.com)
The Work Group also discussed and examined data on booster doses for travelers and laboratory workers in high-risk settings for exposure to YF virus. (cdc.gov)
Conventionally, in radiation protection, unmodified absorbed dose is only used for indicating the immediate health effects due to high levels of acute dose. (wikipedia.org)
Owing to the nature of certain interventional procedures, workers may be subjected to partial-body radiation exposure that is high enough to cause local damage. (springer.com)
The level of partial-body exposure of interventional radiologists might be high enough to cause occupational local damage such as a skin cancer in fingers. (springer.com)

For internal cohort measures, the summary ERR/Sv for a lagged exposure of 10 years was 0.10 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.20) with low heterogeneity. (bmj.com)

The proposed dose assessment procedure allows taking into account the transmitted energy during the action of noise, estimating the total noise load and correlating the obtained values with the excited biological effects. (rudmet.ru)
Differences between studies may be due to several factors including effects by type of exposure (environmental vs occupational) or characterisation of outcome (incidence or mortality) and measure of association used (internal vs external comparison). (bmj.com)
These eight stable dose-cohorts would be "set in concrete" and observed for health effects for their full remaining lifespans as "constant cohorts. (ratical.org)
Therefore, studying the effects of drinking water arsenic exposure is crucial for Maine residents and their future generations. (umaine.edu)
Once you have been taking the medication for a while and your condition has improved, your doctor may instruct you to lower your dose until you find the dose that works best with the fewest side effects. (webmd.com)
All these fundamental effects have a very practical impact on the manufacturability of semiconductor devices because they introduce systematic or stochastic fluctuations in CD vs. dose. (imec-int.com)
Additional dosimetry calculations would have to be performed on these figures to arrive at a meaningful effective dose, which is needed to estimate the risk of cancer or other stochastic effects. (wikipedia.org)
Equivalent and effective dose quantities are expressed in units of the sievert or rem which implies that biological effects have been taken into account. (wikipedia.org)
If no one comes into contact with a chemical, then no exposure occurs, thus no health effects could occur. (cdc.gov)
Exposure does not always result in harmful health effects. (cdc.gov)
Comparison values are developed by ATSDR from available scientific literature concerning exposure and health effects. (cdc.gov)

How does ATSDR determine which exposure situations to evaluate? (cdc.gov)
If exposure is possible, ATSDR scientists then consider whether contamination is present at levels that might affect public health. (cdc.gov)
Some comparison values used by ATSDR scientists include ATSDR's environmental media evaluation guides (EMEG), reference dose media evaluation guides (RMEG), and cancer risk evaluation guides (CREG). (cdc.gov)

Research conducted by Bond Life Sciences Center investigator Cheryl Rosenfeld challenges the accepted method of administering bisphenol A in research studies by means of a single oral dose. (ens-newswire.com)

To represent stochastic risk the dose quantities equivalent dose H T and effective dose E are used, and appropriate dose factors and coefficients are used to calculate these from the absorbed dose. (wikipedia.org)

When the radioactive materials are located only in one place (point source), the dose rate becomes smaller in inverse proportion to the distance squared. (go.jp)
When radioactive materials are evenly distributed on a broad plain surface, the formula to express the relationship between the distance and the dose rate is rather complicated, but as in the case of a point source, the higher it is from the ground surface, the lower the dose rate is. (go.jp)
However, radioactive materials are not evenly distributed in reality and a plain surface is not necessarily smooth, and also owing to attenuation of radiation in the air or other reasons, the dose rate does not always match the value obtained from the relational expression. (go.jp)

Studies on the growth, average lifespan, and decreased cancer mortality rates of humans exposed to low-dose irradiation show improved health, explains Luckey. (scienceblog.com)

We hypothesize that this failure may be due in part to the limited systemic exposure achieved by T-DM1 relative to trastuzumab because of toxicity-related dosing constraints on the ADC. (biorxiv.org)

The studies did not adjust for melanoma risk factors, such as family history, history of sunburn, total nevus count, and cumulative UV radiation exposure. (hcplive.com)
Participants were considered to be exposed when they had received a cumulative dose of at least 3 g during the first six months (139 222 participants) and very slightly exposed (control group) when they had received a cumulative dose of less than 3 g (114 555 participants). (bmj.com)
The adjusted hazard ratio for a cumulative dose of cyproterone acetate of more than 60 g was 21.7 (10.8 to 43.5). (bmj.com)
In a complementary analysis, 463 women with meningioma were observed among 123 997 already using cyproterone acetate in 2006 (risk of 383 per 100 000 person years in the group with the highest exposure in terms of cumulative dose). (bmj.com)

Newer strategies for dose finding rather than traditional 3 + 3 designs should be considered where feasible, and dose optimization should be continued after phase I and throughout development. (aacrjournals.org)

The Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE), the principal advisory group to the World Health Organization (WHO) for vaccines and immunization, concluded in April 2013 that a single dose of YF vaccine is sufficient to confer sustained immunity and lifelong protection against YF disease, and a booster dose of the vaccine is not needed [WHO 2013]. (cdc.gov)

We aimed to investigate the level of radiation exposure in interventional radiologists in South Korea by performing cytogenetic biodosimetry, particularly focusing on partial-body exposure. (springer.com)

It is clear from Chapter 5 that the 1950-1982 follow-up is currently the last complete follow-up where there is substantial continuity of doses, cohorts, and structure. (ratical.org)

The primary policy question was "Should booster doses of YF vaccine every 10 years continue to be recommended for healthy travelers and laboratory workers? (cdc.gov)

Prenatal exposure to X-rays is another possible risk factor for childhood ALL - especially during the first few months of fetal development. (healthline.com)

They exposed shaved mice to a low-dose of UVB-responsible for sunburn in humans-for 2 hours, then performed mass spectrometry on the animals' individual brain cells. (the-scientist.com)

MeHg exposure failed to induce changes in serum T4 levels and liver type 1 deiodinase (D1) and brain type 2 deiodinase (D2) activities regardless of the MT genotype. (drcalapai.com)

The most problematic of these phenomena is that the apparent exposure dose required to pattern the a given CD with EUV seems to depend not just on the photosensitive layer, but on the rest of the stack beneath as well. (imec-int.com)

Between October 2001 and December 2007, NIOSH received more than 26,000 claims for dose reconstruction. (cdc.gov)

The subgroup analyses comparing methotrexate exposure with either an immunomodulator alone or immunomodulator and methotrexate combination therapy, as well as patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate, resulted in similar risk estimates. (hcplive.com)
The subgroup analysis by lagged exposure time showed the strongest association were for the 15 and 20 years lag. (bmj.com)

We show that neutralization of the VOC compared to a reference isolate of the original circulating lineage, B, is reduced: more profoundly against B.1.351 than for B.1.1.7, and in responses to infection or a single dose of vaccine than to a second dose of vaccine. (nature.com)

This PhD project aims to understand and predict the dose variability in EUV lithography, using a broad approach: from fundamental interaction of photons with multi-layer stacks, to the patterning of actual industrially relevant use-cases using imec's EUV tool. (imec-int.com)

When beliefs are abandoned and evidence from only whole body exposures to mammals is considered, it becomes obvious that increased ionizing radiation would provide abundant health," Luckey explains. (scienceblog.com)
This represents good evidence that we live with a partial radiation deficiency and that greater exposure to radiation would improve our health, a notion supported by 130 on the health of people living in parts of the world with higher background levels of ionizing radiation than average. (scienceblog.com)

The drug has been approved in European countries by national marketing authorisation procedures since the 1970s and is available on prescription under various trade names and dose strengths (1, 2, 10, 50, and 100 mg). (bmj.com)

If DOL determines that the energy worker (1) had the potential for workplace radiation exposure and (2) had developed cancer, then the claim is forwarded to NIOSH for a dose reconstruction before DOL makes its final compensation decision. (cdc.gov)
DOL uses the results of the dose reconstruction to assist in determining the Probability of Causation (POC)-that is, the likelihood that the worker's cancer was caused by his/her workplace exposure to radiation. (cdc.gov)
Arsenic exposure has been linked to a number of human diseases including diabetes, skin lesions, cardiovascular disease and cancer. (umaine.edu)

Rosenfeld says single dose studies do not accurately reflect exposure to BPA in real life situations, so the research results are likely underestimating the amount of BPA that might accumulate in the body. (ens-newswire.com)

Conclusions A strong dose-effect relation was observed between use of cyproterone acetate and risk of intracranial meningiomas. (bmj.com)

When BPA is taken through the food, the active form may remain in the body for a longer period of time than when it is provided through a single treatment, which does not reflect the continuous exposure that occurs in animal and human populations," she said. (ens-newswire.com)
In the current era of rapid marketing approval for promising new products in oncology, dose finding and optimization for small-molecule oncology drugs occurs throughout the development cycle and into the postmarketing setting. (aacrjournals.org)

The effectiveness of selecting personal hearing protection equipment (PHPE) by the value of the equivalent sound pressure level and by the dose assessment is compared. (rudmet.ru)

Missing a dose can cause you to have a seizure. (medlineplus.gov)

Low-dose penicillin taken late in pregnancy and in early life of mice offspring, changes behavior and the balance of microbes in the gut. (sciencedaily.com)
In this paper, we report that low-dose penicillin taken late in pregnancy and in early life of mice offspring, changes behaviour and the balance of microbes in the gut. (sciencedaily.com)
Moderate ultraviolet light exposure boosts the brainpower of mice thanks to increased production of the neurotransmitter glutamate. (the-scientist.com)

A systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that low-dose methotrexate, a commonly used treatment for a variety of inflammatory disorders, exposure was associated with a small increased risk of developing melanoma. (hcplive.com)

Our aim was to determine the exposure to black carbon (BC) and BC dose for 45 schoolchildren with portable microaethalometers and to evaluate the relationship between personal monitoring and fixed stations at schools (indoor and outdoor) and in an urban background (UB) site. (upf.edu)
When developing the program, Congress needed to ensure that an organization with the appropriate scientific skills and expertise could objectively evaluate the radiation exposure faced by former nuclear weapons workers. (cdc.gov)

The ACIP Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Work Group was reformed to include YF vaccine in October 2013 to discuss the need for booster doses of YF vaccine. (cdc.gov)

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Humanities1

Information Science1

Health Care6

Post-exposure pr5

Vaccine doses2

Single-dose rifampicin1

Concentrations8

Chronic4

Rabies vaccine3

Clinical12

Assays1

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Duration8

Occupational exposure3

Adult1

Ingestion2

Vaccination2

Calculation3

Concentration1

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Frequency3

Study19

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Long-term exposure1

Efficacy3

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Increases4

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Upon exposure2

Assess3

Minimize1

High10

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Effects11

ATSDR3

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Stochastic1

Radioactive materials3

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Immunization1

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Humans1

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26,0001

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Occurs2

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Missing1

Mice3

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