• Rapid review of dermal penetration and absorption of inorganic lead compounds for occupational risk assessment. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to inorganic Pb compounds through dermal absorption has been less well studied, perhaps due to the assumption that the dermal pathway is a minor contributor to aggregate exposures to Pb compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • The aim of this rapid review was to identify and evaluate published literature on dermal exposures to support the estimation of key percutaneous absorption parameters (Kp, flux, diffusion rate) for use in occupational risk assessment. (cdc.gov)
  • The vast majority of study summaries evaluated (n = 22, 92%) reported detectable amounts of dermal absorption of inorganic Pb. (cdc.gov)
  • Two studies provided quality estimates on the impacts of dermal absorption from water-insoluble Pb compounds on blood Pb levels. (cdc.gov)
  • Relative absorption and penetrance was less (~10%) at 24h following dermal administration of a ten-fold higher dose (~1,000 nmol/cm2) to rats. (nih.gov)
  • Together, these in vitro data in human and rat skin and in vivo data from rats may be used to predict TBBPA absorption in humans following dermal exposure. (nih.gov)
  • All available data hint for a rather poor absorption of elemental Tellurium after oral uptake, i.e. systemic absorption was measured in human studies with elemental Tellurium, but also with tetra- or hexavalent Tellurium salts and is stated with 10 to 25 % of the applied dose [3]. (europa.eu)
  • In rats and rabbits absorption after oral exposure was determined with 10 to 40 % of applied dose. (europa.eu)
  • The dermal absorption after application onto the skin is unknown [37] as is the case for human respiratory absorption [5]. (europa.eu)
  • In swimmers, uptake of THMs is greatest via the skin with dermal absorption accounting for 80% of THM uptake . (gochemless.com)
  • Dr. Kelly A. Reynolds in a December 2016 Water Conditioning and Purificication article on arsenic got my attention in her beginning paragraph: "Exposure to arsenic via inhalation, ingestion and skin absorption can lead to cancers of the lung, bladder and skin. (purewatergazette.net)
  • Absorption through the skin seems to be minimal, so arsenic exposure through hand washing, laundry, bathing, etc. is not considered to be a problem. (purewatergazette.net)
  • Liquid toluene can be absorbed through the skin but dermal absorption from toluene vapours is not likely to be an important route of exposure. (europa.eu)
  • Dermal absorption of liquid toluene was predicted using a model which considers absorption as a two stage process, permeation of the stratum corneum followed by transfer from the stratum corneum to the epidermis. (europa.eu)
  • The model predicted a maximum flux of 0.0000581 mg/cm2/min giving a dermal absorption value of approximately 3.6% of the amount applied as liquid toluene. (europa.eu)
  • There are no reliable studies to check for signs of dermal toxicity as evidence of dermal absorption. (europa.eu)
  • The molecular weights of the parent and hydrolysis product, 2,4,4-trimethylpentylsilanetriol , are not ideal for dermal absorption, but they would not preclude it. (europa.eu)
  • Human exposure to aluminum may occur through different routes such as ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation. (cdc.gov)
  • The common routes are ingestion, ventilation of the gills, and dermal uptake. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once PAHs enter the marine environment, fish can be exposed to them via ingestion, ventilation of the gills, and dermal uptake. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although ingestion is considered the main source of exposure to humans, we can also get exposure via inhalation (as an estimated 100 tons of the stuff is pumped into the atmosphere by synthesis alone) and also via pharmaceutical and medical products such as catheters, certain surgical implants and many injections. (kulturedwellness.com)
  • Uptake of inorganic lead in the body is mainly through inhalation and ingestion. (futurelearn.com)
  • Exposure to toxic substances from smokeless tobacco products is not the same as exposure by ingestion or inhalation since it is neither swallowed, nor inhaled, but retained predominantly in contact with oral epithelial tissues. (cdc.gov)
  • In breakout sessions, the group then discussed different routes of exposure ( e.g. dermal, inhalation, ingestion) as well as stages of exposure ( e.g. during mixing-loading, during application, workers, bystanders, residents). (degruyter.com)
  • Air pollutants cause irritation, discomfort, and health problems when they find their way into the human body through inhalation, dermal uptake, and ingestion. (indooraircartoon.com)
  • Individuals can be exposed to depleted uranium in the same way that they are routinely exposed to natural uranium - by inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact (including injury resulting in embedded fragments). (who.int)
  • Following an inhalation exposure of rats to radiolabeled MDI, 79 % of the dose was excreted in feces. (europa.eu)
  • No studies were located regarding death in humans after inhalation exposure to pyridine. (cdc.gov)
  • There are limited studies regarding neurological effects in humans after inhalation exposure to pyridine. (cdc.gov)
  • ATSDR concluded 'Inhalation exposure is probably the major route of human exposure to benzene, although oral and dermal exposures are also important. (europa.eu)
  • More specifically, human inhalation exposure is estimated to be approximately 50%, oral exposure assumed to be 100% (this value used for DN(M)EL calculations). (europa.eu)
  • Relevant inhalation exposure would be to the hydrolysis products (hydrolysis would occur rapidly when inhaled, even if a mixture of parent and hydrolysis products were present in air). (europa.eu)
  • We aimed to assess the associations of use of personal care products with urine biomarkers levels of phenols and paraben exposure, and whether urine levels (reflecting body burden of this chemical exposures) are associated with eczema, rhinitis, asthma, specific IgE and body mass index. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Little is known about the diversity, toxicity, and dynamics of airborne chemical exposures at the molecular level. (researchsquare.com)
  • 637 environmental exposures were detected, many of which have never been measured in this population, including 50 airborne chemical exposures of concern in the children, including biocides, plasticizers, organophosphates, dyes, combustion products, and perfumes. (researchsquare.com)
  • Our study provides the first report covering hundreds of chemical exposures among African children, demonstrating chemical exposures warranting further study. (researchsquare.com)
  • In 2013, Abdallah was awarded a prestigious 2-year Marie-Curie Fellowship during which he pioneered the application of 3D-Human Skin Equivalent models (3D-HSE) to study the human dermal bioavailability and metabolism of chemical pollutants in dust, fabrics, and cosmetics. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Substantial research efforts have focused on PAH bioavailability from solid matrices, including investigations into the chemistry of PAH interactions with soil and sediments, the oral and dermal uptake of PAHs into ecological and human receptors, extraction methods that are predictive of bioavailability measures, and in situ methods to reduce the bioavailability of PAHs in soil and sediments. (serdp-estcp.org)
  • The objective of this research was to examine the fundamental physical and chemical interactions between PAHs and soils, and how these interactions control the oral and dermal bioavailability of PAHs in soil to humans. (serdp-estcp.org)
  • Therefore, bioavailability simulating inhalation and oral uptake was measured by the substance`s solubility in artificial alveolar fluid and in artificial saliva and gastrointestinal fluid respectively. (europa.eu)
  • Pollutants can penetrate the skin by dermal uptake based on their size and chemical composition driving to the skin barrier function deterioration, and the redox balance. (emotion-master-studentproject.eu)
  • Once a PAH is taken up, the fish's metabolism can affect the duration and intensity of the exposure to target tissues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human dermal uptake and metabolism of PFAS from fabrics. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • In many circumstances the body burden of the substance and/or metabolites is dependent upon several factors such as the rate and extent of uptake, distribution, metabolism and excretion. (europa.eu)
  • For example, the substances present may compete for the uptake, metabolism, and/or elimination of the complex mixture. (europa.eu)
  • dermal exposure to 2 -butoxyethanol will lead to systemic exposure of the parent (same) compound. (europa.eu)
  • This strategy involves the assignment of multiple skin notations for distinguishing systemic (SYS), direct (DIR), and sensitizing (SEN) effects caused by exposure of skin (SK) to chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • Chemicals that are highly or extremely toxic and may be potentially lethal or life-threatening following exposures of the skin are designated with the systemic subnotation (FATAL). (cdc.gov)
  • Does this document clearly outline the systemic health hazards associated with exposures of the skin to the chemical? (cdc.gov)
  • Given the systemic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by PM 2.5 , elevated HAP exposure is ranked as the second environmental factor of concern in global burden of disease (Landrigan et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • There are no reliable studies to check for signs of dermal toxicity, and skin irritation/corrosion studies did not report any signs of systemic toxicity. (europa.eu)
  • During his PhD studies, Dr. Abdallah published 19 papers in high-impact peer-reviewed journals investigating environmental behaviour, fate, human exposure and risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Such data are needed to allow for improved evaluation of Pb exposures in an occupational risk assessment context. (cdc.gov)
  • A figure of 30% was selected for the dermal uptake in the EU risk assessment of this substance and is retained here. (europa.eu)
  • The resulting exposure estimates for some of the identified substances were integrated in a health risk assessment . (greenfacts.org)
  • Uncertainties in evaluation of risk to human health following exposure to 1,4-benzenediol (e.g. species specific effects) have been acknowledged in the screening assessment document. (gc.ca)
  • To guarantee the protection of consumers, exposure assessment is based on conservative assumptions. (bund.de)
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY INTRODUCTION The Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) monographs produced by the International Programme on Chemical Safety include an assessment of the effects on the environment and on human health of exposure to a chemical or combination of chemicals, or physical or biological agents. (inchem.org)
  • Understanding the extent to which these factors contribute to poor health, requires a comprehensive assessment of environmental exposures. (researchsquare.com)
  • For a quantitative assessment, calculated or measured numerical values are used to estimate the exposures. (canada.ca)
  • This scientific review on depleted uranium is part of WHO's continuing process of assessment of possible health effects of exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents. (who.int)
  • For this reason, usage of oil dispersants, like Corexit, to treat oil spills can increase the uptake of PAHs by increasing their solubility in water and making them more available for uptake via the gills. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the water solubility (7.8E+04 mg/l) and predicted log K ow (0.89) of the hydrolysis product, 2,4,4-trimethylpentylsilanetriol , suggest that dermal uptake is likely to be low. (europa.eu)
  • These were considered in relation to two case studies where (i) a nanocarrier system is used for a slow release of a pesticide AI ( e.g. an insecticide molecule) and (ii) a pure AI nanoparticle is used for modifying the inherent chemical properties of the AI ( e.g. to increase the "apparent solubility," retention on leaves or uptake in target organisms). (degruyter.com)
  • Several ways of uptake of compounds with widely different solubility characteristics are also considered. (who.int)
  • These data are discussed in terms of three exposure periods--acute (less than 15 days), intermediate (15-364 days), and chronic (365 days or more). (cdc.gov)
  • T he 1986 National Research Council (NRC) report on commercial airliner cabin air quality notes that information regarding the environmental characteristics (e.g., relative humidity and air pressure) and contaminants identified in surveys of airline cabin air "suggests a diverse set of adverse health effects that could arise from exposure to the cabin environment-from acute effects…to long-term effects. (nationalacademies.org)
  • Details on the available acute oral and dermal toxicity studies are provided in Tables 7 and 8 . (canada.ca)
  • Now, researchers from the University of California-Riverside say acute exposure to THS can lead to skin disease. (studyfinds.org)
  • More specifically, the team at UCR have discovered that acute exposure to THS appears to result in the elevation of biomarkers associated with the development of various skin diseases including contact dermatitis and psoriasis. (studyfinds.org)
  • Alarmingly, acute dermal exposure to THS mimics the harmful effects of cigarette smoking. (studyfinds.org)
  • We found acute THS exposure caused elevation of urinary biomarkers of oxidative damage to DNA, lipids, and proteins, and these biomarkers remained high after the exposure stopped," adds Sakamaki-Ching, now a research scientist at Kite Pharma in California, where he leads a stem cell team. (studyfinds.org)
  • Information is given on sources of depleted uranium exposure, the likely routes of acute and chronic intake, the potential health risks from both the radiological and chemical toxicity standpoints and future research needs. (who.int)
  • Exposure to inorganic lead can occur in metal foundries and smelters, in battery factories, when removing lead paint, when welding and cutting metal parts coated with lead paint, when producing items made of enamel, brass, tin and bronze, recycling of lead-containing waste, in manufacturing of glass, ceramics and certain types of plastics and when producing ammunition. (futurelearn.com)
  • In buildings where substantial smoking has occurred, replacing nicotine-laden furnishings, carpets and wallboard can significantly reduce exposures. (annaraccoon.com)
  • The success of these technologies lies in the ability to transform the data into actionable information that can reduce exposures and ensure safe working conditions (i.e. through early warning systems or more data driven intervention strategies). (cdc.gov)
  • Research topics include research in the area of exposure science, occupational hygiene and health and safety of the workforce, as well as environmental exposures to current and emerging hazards. (universityofgalway.ie)
  • For example, demersal fish or fish that consume demersal fish are highly likely to ingest PAHs that have sorbed to the sediment, whereas fish that swim at the surface are at a higher risk for dermal exposure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Similarly, hydrophilic PAHs are more bioavailable for uptake by fish. (wikipedia.org)
  • The remaining 45 PAHs reviewed the ultimate DNA-reactive metabo- uptake of PAHs through the skin is by IARC were acenaphthene, ace- lites of PAHs. (who.int)
  • CD3+, CD4+ T cells were found in both the dermal and epidermal emigrant cells. (edu.au)
  • After cell sorting to exclude contaminating T cells, macrophage tropic HIV-1 was found in both the dermal emigrant dendritic cells and in dendritic cells sorted from the epidermal emigrants. (edu.au)
  • Nowadays, people are excessively daily exposed to air pollutants not only outdoor due to industry- and traffic-derived air pollution , but also indoors from domestic activities like cooking, heating, house cleaning, and light exposure (screens). (emotion-master-studentproject.eu)
  • Dr Connolly¿s research is motivated by the protection of human health by evaluating and understanding human exposures from new and emerging pollutants. (universityofgalway.ie)
  • Children from these rural regions of Africa often spend extended periods of time indoors, near cooking fires, which can result in high exposure to airborne pollutants. (researchsquare.com)
  • The person or people cooking in a kitchen will be vulnerable (vulnerability due to exposure) to experiencing irritation, discomfort, and health problems caused by air pollutants generated in the kitchen. (indooraircartoon.com)
  • At higher exposure levels, metabolic pathways appear to become saturated and a large portion of an absorbed dose of benzene is excreted as parent compound in exhaled air. (europa.eu)
  • This dose corresponds to a lifetime (70 years) uptake of 0.35 μg/kg.d. (bmj.com)
  • The key step within assignment of the hazard-specific SK is the determination of the hazard potential of the substance, or its potential for causing adverse health effects as a result of skin exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the dermal application part suffered from design limitations, allowing for oral uptake from the skin after the 6h exposure, and therefore invalidating the results obtained for dermal uptake. (europa.eu)
  • It is clear from these results that TBBPA can be absorbed by the skin and dermal contact with TBBPA may represent a small but important route of exposure. (nih.gov)
  • The uptake was measured, via combined inhalation and dermal air-to-skin transfer and via air-to-skin transfer only for the gas-phase diethyl phthalate (DEP) and for particle phase DEHP. (lu.se)
  • Dermal uptake via air-to-skin transfer only with clean clothing acting as a barrier was ten times lower than the uptake via inhalation for DEP. (lu.se)
  • DEHP uptake via the skin was below the detection limit. (lu.se)
  • The physicochemical properties of SVOCs influence their gas-particle partitioning and the likelihood of uptake via both inhalation and the skin, which should be considered in risk assessments of SVOCs. (lu.se)
  • So thus, pollution is an extrinsic factor involved in the ageing process and its phenotypic effects in the skin can even appear after a long time of exposure. (emotion-master-studentproject.eu)
  • Not to mention that photoaging is the major effect of the UVR exposure in the skin and in combination with particulate matter might have negative synergistic effects increasing the facial pigmentation. (emotion-master-studentproject.eu)
  • To protect yourself from the detrimental effects of pollution, it is advisable the daily use of rinse-off products to clean off the face surface, sunscreen to block UVR exposure, products to moisturize the skin , as well as of products containing antioxidants . (emotion-master-studentproject.eu)
  • Most authorities who address the issue of the uptake of arsenic through the skin are pretty clear on the issue. (purewatergazette.net)
  • Although benzene is also readily absorbed from the skin, a significant amount of a dermal application evaporates from the skin surface. (europa.eu)
  • Dermis and epidermis were separated by dispase digestion after virus exposure to determine the site of viral selection within the skin. (edu.au)
  • As uptake through the skin often occurs in addition to inhalation of acrylamide it is possible that the true risk increments are considerably higher. (bmj.com)
  • Factors such as sun exposure, skin type, aftercare, lifestyle and skin tone determine how your brows heal. (lucianasmakeup.com)
  • Contact dermatitis is usually caused by external exposure of the skin to allergens, such as metals, chemicals, and plants. (mdpi.com)
  • This helped promote perspiration and increase uptake of THS through the skin. (studyfinds.org)
  • She explains the skin is the largest organ to usually make contact with thirdhand smoke, thus receiving the greatest exposure. (studyfinds.org)
  • The THS exposure that the 10 participants experienced was brief, so it did not cause any visible changes to their skin. (studyfinds.org)
  • This underscores the idea that dermal exposure to THS could lead to molecular initiation of inflammation-induced skin diseases," Sakamaki-Ching concludes. (studyfinds.org)
  • Moving forward, study authors aim to analyze the impact of skin contact with residues left behind by electronic cigarettes, as well as evaluate larger populations exposed to longer periods of dermal THS. (studyfinds.org)
  • In fact, considerable evidence shows that blocking the sun's rays from reaching our skin with, for example sunscreen, significantly decreases our uptake of vitamin D levels, leading to higher mortality, critical illness, mental health disorders and cancer itself. (connersclinic.com)
  • Granted, excessive skin burning from over-exposure can damage the dermal layers and lead to disease, but to propagate the lie that suntan, tanning, and sun exposure increases cancer risks is criminal! (connersclinic.com)
  • If UVB exposure and ozone depletion were the cause of skin cancer, those populations living closest to the equator would be diagnosed with malignant melanoma at a phenomenal frequency. (connersclinic.com)
  • Exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet light has been repeatedly shown to NOT be the cause of skin cancer. (connersclinic.com)
  • Dermal contact is considered a relatively unimportant type of exposure since little of the depleted uranium will pass across the skin into the blood. (who.int)
  • Estimates of exposure for Canadians or the environment are influenced by certain physical and chemical properties of the substances in the product, product use patterns, release pathways, knowledge of a substance's rate of entry and fate in the body and the environment. (canada.ca)
  • Humans are frequently exposed to TBBPA by the dermal route. (nih.gov)
  • Public health officials and project managers concerned with appropriate actions to take at hazardous waste sites may want information on levels of exposure associated with more subtle effects in humans or animals (LOAEL) or exposure levels below which no adverse effects (NOAEL) have been observed. (cdc.gov)
  • Estimates of exposure levels posing minimal risk to humans (MRLs) have been made, where data were believed reliable, for the most sensitive noncancer effect for each exposure duration. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to air pollution is associated with adverse health effects in humans, with special concern for exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). (lu.se)
  • Dr Connolly¿s research has made substantial and novel contributions to science regarding human exposures to most widely used herbicide worldwide, glyphosate (commonly known as Roundup® products), classed as a `probable carcinogenic to humans) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and a chemical of international concern. (universityofgalway.ie)
  • Our article on indoor exposures to thirdhand tobacco smoke was featured in the cover of ES&T. (lbl.gov)
  • The principal route of human exposure to dibromochloromethane and bromoform is from the consumption of chlorinated drinking water. (cdc.gov)
  • While no oral toxicokinetic studies of oral MDI exposure are available, the behavior of MDI substances in the stomach following gavage is expected to be similar to another aromatic diisocyanate. (europa.eu)
  • The vast majority of exposure and toxicological studies have focused on effects related to inhalation and gastrointestinal exposure routes. (cdc.gov)
  • It contains descriptions and evaluations of studies and presents levels of significant exposure for pyridine based on toxicological studies and epidemiological investigations. (cdc.gov)
  • He has particular interest in assessing the risk from human exposure to emerging contaminants using various exposure and pharmacokinetic models. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Human exposure to microplastics in the indoor environment. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Comparative evaluation of human exposure to PFAS from drinking water in UK and China. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Human dietary exposure to organophosphate esters. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • The basic assumptions and many different exposure models are harmonised throughout Europe and published in the Guidance on the Biocidal Products Regulation (Vol III, Parts B+C) and the Biocides Human Health Exposure Methodology . (bund.de)
  • However, the ability to apply these research findings broadly to human exposures at contaminated sites remains elusive due to the narrow focus of prior studies. (serdp-estcp.org)
  • The POD and human PBPK model were then used genic effects were not observed in rats after long-term to estimate the human equivalent concentrations (HECs) that exposures to NMP via inhalation or the diet. (cdc.gov)
  • As these kinds of health effects data become available and methods to assess levels of significant human exposure improve, these MRLs will be revised. (cdc.gov)
  • The overall aim of the research presented in this thesis was to characterize the physicochemical properties of indoor aerosols from cookstoves, candles, and phthalate sources, and to assess their contribution to human exposure. (lu.se)
  • Organic particle concentrations are often high indoors, which promotes the sorption of DEHP and other SVOCs, which in turn may contribute to increased human exposure to DEHP and other SVOCs. (lu.se)
  • A human exposure study was conducted to elucidate the dermal and inhalation uptake in 16 volunteers from exposure to airborne gas- and particle phase phthalates, with participants wearing clean clothing. (lu.se)
  • Alison Connolly (PhD, NUI Galway) is an recipient of the Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Pathway programme, a project an interdisciplinary research project in exposure science, which aims to investigate human exposures to a class of insecticides called neonicotinoids (NNIs). (universityofgalway.ie)
  • Alison predominantly works on the development of human biomonitoring (HBM) approaches for exposure assessments. (universityofgalway.ie)
  • Human exposure can occur via the inhalation or dermal routes. (europa.eu)
  • There is a general lack of knowledge of human health responses to THS exposure," notes Prof. Talbot, the paper's corresponding author. (studyfinds.org)
  • For human health and the environment, exposure assessments of substances in products may be quantitative or qualitative. (canada.ca)
  • In such a case, the quantitative exposure estimates may be based on predictive computer models or on the results of environmental monitoring or human biomonitoring studies (measurements of substances in the environment or in people) conducted in Canada. (canada.ca)
  • The conclusion in the report is that, in general, the investigated exposures do not present a health risks for the children. (greenfacts.org)
  • Provides information about the health risks associated with dermal contact and uptake of a specific workplace chemical. (cdc.gov)
  • 2016). Enhanced vulnerability was identified in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) due to increasing chemical production and use, lack of regulation/enforcement and education on chemical exposure risks, and differences in priorities due to the need for economic development (Trasande et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • He's working with both public health professionals and community scientists across the country to help grow our understanding of lead exposure risks within neighborhoods while cultivating multi-sector efforts to address the urgent problem. (publiclab.org)
  • The utility of these estimates to occupational dermal exposures is limited, because the confidence in the estimates is not high. (cdc.gov)
  • The literature, while of limited quality, overall strongly suggests inorganic Pb has the potential for dermal uptake in meaningful amounts associated with negative health outcomes based on upper bound diffusion rate estimates. (cdc.gov)
  • Future standard test guideline-compliant studies are needed to provide high confidence estimates of dermal uptake. (cdc.gov)
  • In other cases, exposures to substances in products are qualitatively determined, meaning estimates are not calculated numerically. (canada.ca)
  • The morphological deformities of PAH exposure, such as fin and jaw malformations, result in significantly reduced survival in fish due to the reduction of swimming and feeding abilities. (wikipedia.org)
  • 27% of exposures were significantly different across seasons. (researchsquare.com)
  • Location information can be used to complement primary sensor data, (i.e. bring context to exposure data), or alternatively be used on their own as primary data, (e.g. as a proxy for risk of personal exposure to hazards present in the workplace). (cdc.gov)
  • In summary, the major uptake of toluene vapour is through the respiratory system. (europa.eu)
  • Toluene is distributed to various tissues, the amount depending on the tissue/blood partition coefficient, the duration and level of exposure, and the rate of elimination. (europa.eu)
  • Many aluminum compounds are poorly soluble, so total aluminum uptake from the digestive tract can be low. (cdc.gov)
  • Benzene is readily absorbed following inhalation or oral exposure. (europa.eu)
  • Significant oral exposure is not expected for this corrosive substance. (europa.eu)
  • In 2019, she was awarded an Irish Research Council Marie Sk¿odowska-Curie Actions COFUND fellowship to investigate glyphosate exposures among Irish families. (universityofgalway.ie)
  • The only exception was exposure to DEHP from erasers through sucking and chewing. (greenfacts.org)
  • The main focus of this opinion will therefore be to evaluate the potential for exposure to DEHP from uses of DEHP-containing erasers by children. (greenfacts.org)
  • Only uptake via inhalation was measurable for the particle phase DEHP. (lu.se)
  • The uptake of the gas-phase DEP via inhalation was four times higher compared to the particle phase DEHP, which reflects the differences in the lung deposition of gases and particles. (lu.se)
  • If we assume the total relative risk (from inhalation plus dermal uptake) to be in the range of 1.1-1.2, it is a pertinent question whether this risk increment is detectable within the large body of material studied by Marsh et al . (bmj.com)
  • The major exposure route to phthalates from the items investigated in the Danish study is by licking and chewing on the items as well as swallowing small pieces of the item. (greenfacts.org)
  • RESULTS: Patch test results suggested that the volunteers were actively sensitized to 4,4'-MDI following the dermal uptake study, as they reacted positively to 4,4'-MDA, a marker for 4,4'-MDI allergy. (bvsalud.org)
  • A new study finds that uptake of arsenic as arsenite or dimethylarsinic acid is a factor of 29 and 59 higher than that of arsenate. (purewatergazette.net)
  • We developed a workflow employing state-of-the-art wearable passive sampling technology coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry to comprehensively measure 147 children's personal exposures to airborne chemicals in Limpopo, South Africa, as part of the VHEMBE study. (researchsquare.com)
  • Exposure to environmental contaminants during critical windows of susceptibility coupled with poverty and malnutrition may enhance vulnerability (Suk et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • The work of Dr. Webster and his colleagues and students has been featured in Environmental Health Perspectives ("PFCs and Cholesterol: A Sticky Connection," "Unwelcome Guest: PBDEs in Indoor Dust"), Bostonia Magazine ("Trouble at Home," "You Are What You Eat, Including Your Sofa"), Discovery News ("Handwashing Cuts Flame Retardant Exposure") and the National Public Radio show "Living on Earth," among other places. (bu.edu)
  • The Danish Environmental Protection Agency investigated the exposure and possible risk of chemicals in consumer products and articles. (greenfacts.org)
  • Exposure to chemicals in pool water related to possible health effects. (gochemless.com)
  • However, the majority of European Commission's experts agreed to classify it as a Category 3 carcinogen as only benign tumors were produced following exposure to this substance in experimental animals. (gc.ca)
  • Monitoring data can provide an estimate of overall exposure from all sources of the substance, including from products. (canada.ca)
  • The blood half-life of 2BE was about 10 minutes in rats and 5 minutes in mice whatever the level of exposure. (europa.eu)
  • Oral, 90- and decrements in fetal/pup body weights following exposures to day exposures of rats and mice to NMP result in decrements in NMP vapor. (cdc.gov)
  • Rats exposed to pyridine vapors at 5-10 mg/L for a single exposure period of about 40 minutes showed a decrease in glutamine level in the kidneys accompanied by an increase in ammonia excretion in the urine (Bolonova 1972, as cited in EPA 1978). (cdc.gov)
  • calculator (v2, 2021) now also allows for calculating consumer exposure based on prior exposure of livestock (see also EMA guideline: EMA/CVMP/90250/2010 ). (bund.de)
  • 2021). Environmental exposure to insecticides from IRS in the Limpopo province of South Africa has recently been associated with accelerated fetal growth (Chevrier et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • The Biological Exposure Index (BEI) of ACGIH for lead in blood is 30 μg/100 ml. (futurelearn.com)
  • If lead stores in the body are not high due to previous lead exposure the biological half-life of lead in blood is normally about one month. (futurelearn.com)
  • N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) is widely used as a solvent or exposures are 125 (Saillenfait et al. (cdc.gov)
  • This fact sheet does not cover direct or indirect exposures to substances present in foods or food packaging materials. (canada.ca)
  • the deployment of PM sensors in occupational settings aimed at developing methods for the collection and interpretation of sensor data for occupational exposures. (cdc.gov)
  • Obtaining this data requires systematically thinking through the process of exposure generation all the way to exposure uptake. (cdc.gov)
  • These two studies reported that exposures via dermal routes could elevate blood Pb by over 6 µg dl-1. (cdc.gov)
  • Chronic lead exposure may affect the blood, the peripheral and central nervous system and the kidneys. (futurelearn.com)
  • The points in the figures showing noobserved-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) or lowest- observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs) reflect the actual doses (levels of exposure) used in the studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Read Holman, Public Lab Fellow #####Read is a Fellow at Public Lab working on issues related to environmental lead exposure and lead poisoning prevention. (publiclab.org)
  • Information from various sources is evaluated to assess the risk to Canadians and the environment from exposure to substances in products. (canada.ca)
  • The EPA, however, has determined that this exposure is minimal compared to that from consumption. (gochemless.com)
  • The major route of uptake will depend on the behavior of the species of fish and the physicochemical properties of the PAH of concern. (wikipedia.org)