• Scientists from the University of Southampton have identified a repeating trigger for the largest explosive volcanic eruptions on Earth. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • The Las Cañadas volcanic caldera on Tenerife, in the Canary Islands, has generated at least eight major eruptions during the last 700,000 years. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Stirring young hot magma into older, cooler magma appears to be a common event before these explosive eruptions. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • Air traffic controllers and pilots must be quickly notified of volcanic eruptions to avoid volcanic ash clouds. (yahoo.com)
  • Classifications of volcanic eruptions were first introduced in the early twentieth century mostly based on qualitative observations of eruptive activity, and over time, they have gradually been developed to incorporate more quantitative descriptions of the eruptive products from both deposits and observations of active volcanoes. (plymouth.ac.uk)
  • Progress in physical volcanology, and increased capability in monitoring, measuring and modelling of explosive eruptions, has highlighted shortcomings in the way we classify eruptions and triggered a debate around the need for eruption classification and the advantages and disadvantages of existing classification schemes. (plymouth.ac.uk)
  • iii) identify and prioritize the main research that will improve the understanding, characterization and classification of volcanic eruptions and (iv) provide a roadmap for producing a rational and comprehensive classification scheme. (plymouth.ac.uk)
  • Open questions, processes and parameters that need to be addressed and better characterized in order to develop more comprehensive classification schemes and to advance our understanding of volcanic eruptions include conduit processes and dynamics, abrupt transitions in eruption regime, unsteadiness, eruption energy and energy balance. (plymouth.ac.uk)
  • Eruption source parameters (ESPs) used to characterize explosive eruptions are estimated from tephra deposit data using different models (statistical or numerical) and inversion approaches. (plymouth.ac.uk)
  • Volcanic eruptions can generally be characterized as either explosive eruptions, sudden ejections of rock and ash, or effusive eruptions, relatively gentle outpourings of lava. (wikipedia.org)
  • In explosive eruptions, the eruption of magma is driven by the rapid release of pressure, often involving the explosion of gas previously dissolved within the material. (wikipedia.org)
  • Explosive eruptions usually involve thick, highly viscous, silicic or felsic magma, high in volatiles like water vapor and carbon dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite their ostensibly benign appearance, effusive eruptions can be as dangerous as explosive ones: one of the largest effusive eruptions in history occurred in Iceland during the 1783-1784 eruption of Laki, which produced about 15 km3 (4 cu mi) of lava and killed one fifth of Iceland's population. (wikipedia.org)
  • That's the key to explosive eruptions," says Sarah Dodd of Imperial College London. (newscientist.com)
  • In this paper, we present a data assimilation procedure aimed at improving the monitoring and forecasting of volcanic ash clouds produced by explosive eruptions. (cheese-coe.eu)
  • 500 million people live in proximity of volcanoes and eruptions have a significant social and economical impact, thus forecasting the recurrence rate of volcanic eruption remains a great challenge in science. (europa.eu)
  • The target of FEVER is to produce a physically based statistical model able to ForEcast the recurrence rate of Volcanic ERuptions both at regional and global scale. (europa.eu)
  • What are the physical processes that control the size and frequency of volcanic eruptions at regional and global scale? (europa.eu)
  • In another article in the same journal we show how the flux of carbon dioxide from depth could trigger volcanic eruptions. (europa.eu)
  • We have recently published an article that unveils some fundamental relationships between the architecture of convergent margins and volcanic eruptions. (europa.eu)
  • The frequency at which volcanic eruptions occur is inversely proportional to their size but only recently we contributed to identify some of the physical processes controlling this relationship. (europa.eu)
  • While this provides a solid base on which to build this project, the lack of data on the distribution of key parameters controlling the recurrence rate of volcanic eruptions, such as the global distribution of the flux of magma from depth, jeopardizes our ability of determining the probability of explosive eruptions of different sizes to occur on Earth in a given time period. (europa.eu)
  • Thus, ForEcasting the recurrence rate of Volcanic ERuptions remains a challenge of paramount importance for Earth scientists. (europa.eu)
  • With this project, I am building a research group focusing on the construction of physically based statistical models able to quantify the probability of explosive eruptions of different magnitudes to occur at regional and global scale in a defined time-interval. (europa.eu)
  • By the end of the project we expect that the collected results and the newly designed model will allow us to estimate the recurrence rate of volcanic eruptions in different regions of our planet and at the global scale. (europa.eu)
  • Volcanoes, Second Edition, contains more than 80 new photographs and figures to better illustrate volcanic features and processes, with an updated Bibliography that includes important papers describing recent eruptions and new findings. (wiley-vch.de)
  • Learn more about how the behavior of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions at Disaster.news . (newstarget.com)
  • Here's an overview of how volcanic eruptions happen, a look back at Mount Vesuvius and an update on Yellowstone Caldera. (yahoo.com)
  • Volcanic eruptions have to do with magma. (yahoo.com)
  • There are different kinds of volcanic eruptions. (yahoo.com)
  • Some volcanic eruptions are not explosive, but others are. (yahoo.com)
  • Explosive volcanic eruptions can cause gases to escape and tephra - pieces of magma which range from tiny particles to house-size boulders - to move through the air, per the U.S. Department of the Interior . (yahoo.com)
  • Explosive volcanic eruptions can be dangerous and deadly. (yahoo.com)
  • Are volcanic eruptions predictable? (yahoo.com)
  • Scientists can forecast volcanic eruptions, but volcanoes are unpredictable as their behavior can change. (yahoo.com)
  • The Smithsonian Institute said scientists monitor volcanic behavior and historic patterns to forecast volcanic eruptions, but "few volcanoes maintain the same behavior for long (more often than not, as soon as a repetitive pattern becomes apparent, the volcano changes behavior). (yahoo.com)
  • Scientists are still developing ways to better predict volcanic eruptions. (yahoo.com)
  • Today was a doubleheader for volcanic eruptions in the news: Today's explosive eruption from Mt. Etna. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Two volcanoes along the edge of the north Pacific had explosive eruptions over the weekend. (scienceblogs.com)
  • We have some more details on both of the eruptions, so I'll pass them on: Bezymianny KVERT is excited because they claim to have predicted the explosive eruption of Bezymianny almost to the day. (scienceblogs.com)
  • There can be explosive eruptions in Iceland, like the very infamous one that shut down the airspace in Europe for a week or so, but that was a little bit off the main axis of that Mid-Atlantic Ridge and this one is right on it. (scienceblog.com)
  • As with most volcanic eruptions, this one was preceded by earthquake activity. (scienceblog.com)
  • The monograph concludes by comparing the 1912 eruption with several other well-studied large explosive eruptions, 14 of them historical and 9 prehistoric. (usgs.gov)
  • Explore the physics of explosive eruptions. (si.edu)
  • The size of the plume and umbrella cloud surprised us and is challenging our understanding of the physics of volcanic eruptions," said Kristen Fauria , assistant professor of Earth and environmental sciences. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • Most explosive eruptions do not exceed the tropopause, or heights of about 15 kilometers. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • Ammonia is released to the atmosphere by natural processes such as the decay of organic matter and animal excreta, or by volcanic eruptions. (cdc.gov)
  • Until now, there is limited knowledge on the spatial-temporal patterns of vegetation net carbon uptake (VNCU) after the force that caused by tropical volcanic eruptions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we conducted an exhaustive reconstruction of VNCU on the QTP over the last millennium, and used a superposed epoch analysis to characterize the VNCU response of the QTP after the tropical volcanic eruptions. (bvsalud.org)
  • We then further investigated the divergent changes of VNCU response across different elevation gradients and vegetation types, and the impact of teleconnection forcing on VNCU after volcanic eruptions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Within a climatic background, we found that VNCU of the QTP tends to decrease after large volcanic eruptions, lasting until about 3 years, with a maximum decrease value occurring in the following 1 year. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our results emphasized the response and recovery processes of VNCU to volcanic eruptions without the strong anthropogenic forcings, while the influence mechanisms of natural forcing on VNCU should receive more attention. (bvsalud.org)
  • Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. (bvsalud.org)
  • The atmosphere can provide the planet with these nutrients and volcanic eruptions and weather systems can ensure they are circulated and renewed in the system. (lu.se)
  • One of the most active explosive volcanoes in the world, the Soufriere Hills Volcano (Montserrat, West Indies)has been active for more that 17 years and offers rare opportunities to increase our fundamental knowledge on explosive volcanoes. (earthobservatory.sg)
  • Volcanic activity affects directly more than 500 million people living around active volcanoes and produces effects both at the local and the global scale. (europa.eu)
  • The most productive of these new tools are remotely operated, constantly monitoring volcanoes and their impacts on the Earth's atmosphere from space and exploring new volcanic worlds beyond the bounds of Earth. (wiley-vch.de)
  • A recent study published in the journal Nature Communications found that benign volcanoes that produce basaltic lava flows hide highly explosive magma components . (newstarget.com)
  • However, the findings of the study suggest that the seemingly predictable behavior of the volcanoes belie potentially explosive activity. (newstarget.com)
  • This means that even seemingly gentler volcanoes present a potential for explosive behavior too. (newstarget.com)
  • Still, the researchers said that it doesn't seem likely that the activity in the three Galapagos volcanoes will become more explosive anytime soon. (newstarget.com)
  • The researchers added that their findings match with initially divergent discoveries including the presence of explosive deposits at several Galapagos volcanoes. (newstarget.com)
  • An interesting thing about Iceland's response to volcanoes is that the government has invested, I think quite wisely, into monitoring volcanic activity with many different technologies. (scienceblog.com)
  • Let us consider extreme speakers as volcanoes having explosive performance. (dagogo.com)
  • But an explosive eruption would send volcanic ash, smoke, and magma into the atmosphere , leading to impacts of flights that cross the Atlantic, says FOX Weather Senior Meteorologist Jordan Overton. (yahoo.com)
  • Silicic magma is highly viscous and so it traps volcanic gases. (newscientist.com)
  • In an article in Earth and Planetary Science Letter we discussed the impact of the magma water content on the structure of magma reservoir and their capacity to feed large volcanic eruption. (europa.eu)
  • Three explosive episodes spanned ~60 hours, depositing ~17 km 3 of fallout and 11±2 km 3 of ignimbrite, together representing ~13.5 km 3 of zoned magma. (usgs.gov)
  • This morning, due to the increase in the explosive eruptive activity IGN has issued a new VONA (Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation) communicating the increase in the emission of ash, as well as the increase in the height of the ash cloud, which has reached 7000 m in height ( IGN, 2021 ). (geotenerife.com)
  • Popocatépetl Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: SML DISCRETE VA EM. (volcanodiscovery.com)
  • Forty-three years ago, a Plinian eruptive column rose into the sky and volcanic debris rapidly spewed from the volcano. (yahoo.com)
  • There isn't much known about the eruptive history of the volcano - checking out the Global Volcanism Program, the last activity at Sinabung might have been an explosive event in 1881 with persistent fumaroles up until 1912. (scienceblogs.com)
  • As I briefly mentioned earlier, Galeras in Colombia had an "atypical" eruption - apparently meaning it was non-explosive - that has prompted evacuations and a change in the alert status to "Red" for the volcano. (scienceblogs.com)
  • The AVO/KVERT alert for the volcano suggests a fairly significant explosive eruption that might cause some snarls in the international air travel over the Kamchatka Peninsula. (scienceblogs.com)
  • The KVERT statement: A strong explosive eruption of Bezymianny volcano occurred from 12:34 till 12:50 UTC on May 31, according to seismic data. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Another explosive eruption of Redoubt volcano occurred at approximately 15:29 AKDT (23:29 UTC). (alaska.edu)
  • Vanderbilt Earth scientists studying submarine volcanism used satellite imagery to assess the most energetic volcanic eruption in at least 20 years: The Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano erupted three times over December 2021 and January 2022. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • The assimilation procedure has been tested against SEVIRI measurements of the volcanic cloud produced during the explosive eruption occurred at Mt. Etna on 24 December 2018. (cheese-coe.eu)
  • Mercury exists naturally in the earth's crust, and is released by degassing of the earth's crust, volcanic emissions, and through evaporation. (cdc.gov)
  • Less than a year has passed since lava stopped sputtering from Iceland's Reykjanes Peninsula following the first major volcanic outburst from this region in almost 800 years. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Emergency managers, land use planners, and civic officials also need to understand volcanic processes when their communities are threatened - this book will inform and guide them in their decision-making. (wiley-vch.de)
  • This work is the foundation that Earth scientists use to understand volcanic eruption characteristics, underlying causes and mechanisms, and their impact on climate. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • An explosive volcanic eruption in Indonesia has proved a hazard to air travelers. (nasa.gov)
  • Accurate tracking and forecasting of ash dispersal in the atmosphere and quantification of its uncertainty are of fundamental importance for volcanic risk mitigation. (cheese-coe.eu)
  • No one has ever had the opportunity to observe an event like this that spans levels of the atmosphere within one volcanic eruption. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • The lack of anatomical signatures in the austral trees suggests limited incursion of stratospheric volcanic aerosol into the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropics, that any forcing was mitigated by atmosphere-ocean dynamical responses and/or concentrated outside the growing season, or a combination of factors. (bvsalud.org)
  • If an explosive eruption occurred and generated a large ash cloud, one scenario would have ash blown west toward Greenland, then veering back to the north then east toward Northern Europe , according to the FOX Forecast Center. (yahoo.com)
  • Abstract: A critical challenge during volcanic emergencies is responding to rapid changes in eruptive behaviour. (plymouth.ac.uk)
  • A rapid increase in volcanic tremour is followed by an increase in explosive eruptive behaviour. (geotenerife.com)
  • These rocks contained microscopic crystals that preserved deep volcanic processes. (newstarget.com)
  • Marking its centennial, we illustrate and document the complex eruptive sequence, which was long misattributed to nearby Mount Katmai, and how its deposits have provided key insights about volcanic and magmatic processes. (usgs.gov)
  • In a volcanic eruption, lava, volcanic bombs and ash, and various gases are expelled from a volcanic vent and fissure. (wikipedia.org)
  • The latest eruption, which started at 1:18 p.m. local time on August 3, opened up at a fissure only a few hundred feet away from the cone crafted by last year's volcanic outburst. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • The explosive outburst at Novarupta (Alaska) in June 1912 was the 20th century's most voluminous volcanic eruption. (usgs.gov)
  • For the most part, this would be like the volcanism that gave us Iceland - passive, gentle and only rarely explosive. (newscientist.com)
  • The Medial Offshore Record of Explosive Volcanism Along the Central to Eastern Aegean Volcanic Arc: 1. (hal.science)
  • Have guests in town, so I'm a little busy, but you can hopefully keep entertained with the latest Smithsonian/USGS Global Volcanism Program Volcanic Activity Report. (scienceblogs.com)
  • In addition, fire fountaining, whereby volcanic lava is lofted and cools into small glass beads before falling back to the surface, can create small but important deposits in some locations, such as the orange dirt found at Shorty Crater in the Taurus-Littrow valley by Apollo 17 , and the green glass found at Hadley-Apennine by Apollo 15 . (wikipedia.org)
  • [ citation needed ] Deposits of volcanic beads are also thought to be the origin of Dark Mantle Deposits (DMD) in other locations around the Moon. (wikipedia.org)
  • In other two contributions in Scientific Reports, we discuss the link between the temporal evolution of volcanic systems and the formation of porphyry-type ore deposits, which provide 75% of the world's copper. (europa.eu)
  • From Bacon and others (2014): "The oldest recognized postglacial explosive eruption, andesitic Aniakchak I, left nonwelded ignimbrite in valleys below the edifice and fines-poor welded ignimbrite or agglutinated fall deposits high on its flanks between ca. 9,500 and 7,000 years ago. (alaska.edu)
  • To properly simulate the release and atmospheric transport of volcanic ash particles, HYSPLIT has been initialized with the results of the eruptive column model PLUME-MoM. (cheese-coe.eu)
  • Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) Tokyo warned about a volcanic ash plume that rose up to estimated 20000 ft (6100 m) altitude or flight level 200 and is moving at 15 kts in SE direction. (volcanodiscovery.com)
  • New technology, and this eruption with once-in-a-generation explosivity, gave researchers led by former Vanderbilt postdoctoral researcher Ashok Kumar Gupta new insights into volcanic behavior-and the first opportunity to create a complete timeline of the eruption and the large umbrella clouds it produced. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • As volcanic and seismic activity continues to rattle southwestern Iceland with thousands of small earthquakes, scientists remain on alert, still declaring that there is a 'significant likelihood' of volcanic eruption in the coming days. (yahoo.com)
  • This approach is of paramount importance for the assessment of global volcanic risk and to define the economical impact of volcanic activity on businesses such as aviation, or for administrative decisions related, as an example, to the location of power plants in volcanic regions such as Europe, the United States or Japan. (europa.eu)
  • Explosive activity continues. (volcanodiscovery.com)
  • This year we haven't had a lot of news about volcanic activity in Indonesia. (scienceblogs.com)
  • Here, geophysicist Paul Segall explains how the Fagradalsfjall eruption compares to other recent volcanic events and what makes Iceland a "double whammy" for volcanic activity. (scienceblog.com)
  • What is special about Iceland in terms of its volcanic activity? (scienceblog.com)
  • But Iceland is unusual in another respect because it's also a hotspot for volcanic activity. (scienceblog.com)
  • Apparently, this area hadn't been active for something like 800 years but, generally, we expect volcanic activity of the sort that's occurring now. (scienceblog.com)
  • Does this mean there's likely to be more volcanic activity in that area? (scienceblog.com)
  • Historical accounts and studies of ancient volcanic rocks show that times of volcanic repose transition into loud seismic and eruptive awakenings in a cycle that's transpired several times in the past few millennia. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • as a result, volcanic particles were dispersed towards Greece. (mdpi.com)
  • Volcanic rock (or lava) characteristically medium dark in color and containing 54 to 62 percent silica and moderate amounts of iron and magnesium. (usgs.gov)
  • Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is dark in color (gray to black), contains 45 to 53 percent silica, and is rich in iron and magnesium. (usgs.gov)
  • Volcanic rock, commonly dark gray to black, with about 53-57 percent silica. (usgs.gov)
  • ET: New data from the Iceland Meteorological Agency Monday evening has indicated that an explosive eruption is now unlikely after initial fears that it was within the realm of possibility. (yahoo.com)
  • Iceland is bracing for a volcanic eruption. (yahoo.com)
  • Fine fragments (less than 2-4 mm in diameter) of volcanic rock formed by a volcanic explosion or ejection from a volcanic vent. (usgs.gov)
  • The deposit of a hot, chaotic mixture of pumice, ash, and gas (pyroclastic flow) that travels rapidly (as fast as tens of meters per second) away from a volcanic vent during an explosive eruption. (usgs.gov)
  • This is an effusive eruption, which is sort of the opposite of explosive. (scienceblog.com)
  • Generally speaking, as a volcanic eruption approaches, scientists have a better chance of being able to predict when it'll occur. (yahoo.com)
  • Numerical forecasts of volcanic clouds can be improved by assimilating satellite observations of atmospheric ash mass load. (cheese-coe.eu)
  • This cataclysmic eruption , which occurred on May 18, 1980, is the most significant volcanic eruption in the contiguous U.S. in recent history. (yahoo.com)
  • Richard W. Hazlett is a USGS Research Associate, University of Hawaii Hilo affiliate and Professor Emeritus from Pomona College who has spent decades researching volcanic terrains throughout much of Europe, North America and the Pacific. (wiley-vch.de)
  • While they're generally benign, they could become more explosive under certain circumstances. (newstarget.com)
  • Located far from populations, the volcanic burbles likely pose little danger to the public, at least in the near term. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • Ceci est basé sur des observations d'un changement régional autour de la calotte polaire sud, mais semble avoir été étendu à un changement "global" et utilisé par certains pour en déduire un mécanisme commun externe pour le réchauffement global sur la Terre et sur Mars. (realclimate.org)
  • After a mass extinction has occurred, ecological space arises for an explosive development of new species that are adapted to the new climate. (lu.se)
  • Mass extinctions have made way for an explosive evolution of new species, which are adapted to the new climate. (lu.se)