• Mosul lives under constant threat from unexploded ordnance and improvised explosive devices, which are found everywhere from homes to hospitals and schools to playgrounds. (hi-canada.org)
  • I soon realise that this is the result of extensive contamination by mines and other unexploded ordnance. (jmu.edu)
  • This brief uses the term explosive ordnance which, as per the International Mine Action Standards (IMAS) Glossary of mine action terms, definition and abbreviations, encompasses mine action's response to the following munitions: mines, cluster munitions, unexploded ordnance, abandoned ordnance, booby traps, and improvised explosive devices when their clearance is undertaken for humanitarian purposes and in areas where active hostilities have ceased. (envirosagainstwar.org)
  • One year after the liberation of Mosul, HI has published a mini-report on the unprecedented scale of contamination by explosive remnants of war in Mosul, following months of fighting. (hi-canada.org)
  • According to REACH, 57% of displaced persons were not planning to return to their area of origin, with many citing as their main reason the presence of explosive remnants of war. (hi-canada.org)
  • An estimated 8 million tonnes of rubble from bombed buildings are polluted by explosive remnants [2] . (hi-canada.org)
  • HI recorded 127 incidents caused by explosive remnants resulting in 186 casualties between 10 July 2017 and 15 April 2018. (hi-canada.org)
  • Between October 2016 and July 2017, Mosul was hit by more than 1,700 air strikes and 2,800 explosions, leaving behind vast quantities of explosive remnants of war. (hi-canada.org)
  • It organises risk education sessions for the local population to limit future accidents and respond to threats from explosive remnants. (hi-canada.org)
  • Monitoring progress in eliminating landmines, cluster munitions, and other explosive remnants of war. (the-monitor.org)
  • Contamination by these remnants of war is a key challenge for communities to overcome in order get their lives back to normal. (osce.org)
  • Whether it is anti-personnel (AP) mines, anti-vehicles (AV) mines, or explosive remnants of war (ERW), our efforts focus on. (gichd.org)
  • Highlighting the urgent need for additional efforts to address the issue of weapon contamination, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has recorded that 640 children were killed or injured in 541 incidents involving landmine explosions and explosive remnants between January 2022 and June 2023. (icrc.org)
  • The Commissioner is also aware of the high level of contamination of the region by mines and explosive remnants of war and regrets that since the cessation of the hostilities, many persons, including civilians, have been killed or seriously injured due to the explosion of mines. (coe.int)
  • Explosive ordnance contamination threatens lives, curtails freedom of movement, limits access to arable land, disenfranchises communities and above all instils fear and insecurity. (dailymaverick.co.za)
  • This Policy Brief builds on existing knowledge and research, and aims to outline the key environmental impacts of explosive ordnance contamination and land release operations and the potential impact of climate change on land release. (envirosagainstwar.org)
  • Every year in Bosnia and Herzegovina, fire fighters are prevented from accessing forest res due to explosive ordnance contamination. (envirosagainstwar.org)
  • In short, landmine and explosive ordnance contamination is an infringement of the human rights of the more than 60 million people who live with such risk. (maginternational.org)
  • Despite the signature of the Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan in August 2015, UNMAS reported that sporadic fighting continued across the country in 2017, which it said,"continues to litter vast swathes of land, roads and buildings with explosive hazards. (the-monitor.org)
  • One notable project brought together scientists from Belarus, Norway and Ukraine to assess the hazards posed by radioactive contamination in the Polessie State Radiation-Ecological Reserve. (nato.int)
  • Motivated by its strategic goal to improve human security and equipped with subject expertise in explosive hazards, the GICHD launched a research project to characterise explosive weapons. (gichd.org)
  • Landmine contamination continues to block safe access to land that could be used for agriculture, schools, and housing for returning families. (maginternational.org)
  • That is partly because human rights law is much more comprehensive than humanitarian law and humanitarian disarmament law, so adopting a human rights lens means, among other things, protecting human dignity better by appreciating all the different ways this can be harmed or denied by landmine contamination. (maginternational.org)
  • Reinforcing the message that landmine and UXO contamination inflicts horrendous human rights infringements on people - and properly articulating the ways and the extent of those infringements - might also be key as we all advocate for more resources and better compliance with the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Treaty. (maginternational.org)
  • Locations and descriptions of any known or suspected sources of groundwater contamination. (cdc.gov)
  • Coal slurry can lead to groundwater contamination when its improperly disposed of in abandoned underground mines, or when the dams holding back the storage lagoons fail. (eponline.com)
  • [4] Areas of cluster munition contamination resulting from decades of pre-independence conflict continued to be identified in 2017, and the threat was compounded by ongoing fighting which broke out in December 2013. (the-monitor.org)
  • [5] In March 2018, UNMAS stated that the actual size of cluster munition contamination is likely to be greater than recorded estimates, as in many of the strike areas multiple cluster munition canisters are found with the consequence that the overall contaminated area extends well beyond an expected standard footprint. (the-monitor.org)
  • [7] Ongoing insecurity, particularly in the Greater Upper Nile region (Jonglei, Unity, and Upper Nile states), persisted in preventing access to confirm or address cluster munition contamination. (the-monitor.org)
  • In February 2014, evidence of new cluster munition contamination was discovered south of Bor, in Jonglei state. (the-monitor.org)
  • Environmental contamination could also pose continuing threats. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, standoff detection of explosives allows identification of threats from safe distances, i.e., outside the blast zone. (spie.org)
  • These threats may include chemical warfare agents (e.g., methyl salicylate), explosives, or bacteria (e.g. (spie.org)
  • JMAR's BioSentry system, recently named by business analysis and consulting firm Frost & Sullivan as the top biological threat detection product in 2008, is deployed by U.S. government agencies and other security authorities to identify explosive threats potentially endangering populations. (upi.com)
  • Measurements of any flammable and explosive gases. (cdc.gov)
  • Tank Blanketing is an effective means of preventing fires in flammable liquid storage tanks by controlling the formation of explosive vapor / air mixtures. (environmental-expert.com)
  • Laboratory setups of open containers with flammable materials (ie not closed assemblies) shall be supervised by staff, if a loss of ventilation causes risk of forming an explosive atmosphere. (lu.se)
  • Explosive derived contaminants may have adverse effects on the environmental as well as human health. (wikipedia.org)
  • Explosives and their residual post explosion products can partition between multiple environmental compartments including aquatic, soil, atmosphere, and the biosphere. (wikipedia.org)
  • Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Organic Explosives and Related Compounds: Environmental and Health Considerations" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
  • While an affected community clearly benefits from the removal of explosive ordnance from nearby land, long-term harm may also be caused when environmental mismanagement occurs during clearance operations. (envirosagainstwar.org)
  • This paper presents recent accomplishments and gaps, mostly from an environmental perspective, on issues related to air pollution, the urban water cycle, and soil contamination, in the path being followed by Chile toward urban sustainability and resilience. (bvsalud.org)
  • When it comes to weapon contamination, with Afghanistan and Iraq, Yemen is among the three countries most affected by this,' Fabrizio Carboni, the ICRC's Near and Middle East regional director, told AFP. (yahoo.com)
  • Mines, unexploded bombs, projectiles and rockets, abandoned munitions and other explosive items pose a deadly threat to people, even decades after military actions are over. (osce.org)
  • Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) and antipersonnel mines were reported to be used in populated areas and close to civilian infrastructure. (osce.org)
  • The shallow groundwater beneath certain areas of LAAP has become contaminated with explosive compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Low levels of explosive compounds were detected one time in1989 in drinking water wells for Doyline and the community of Goodwill. (cdc.gov)
  • Residents possibly exposed to the low levels of explosive compounds from ingesting drinking water are not expected to develop ill effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Certain areas of LAAP contain high levels of explosive compounds and chromium in surface soil. (cdc.gov)
  • Despite this data gap, bayou fish probably have not accumulated unhealthy levels of LAAP-related compounds because only low levels of surface water contaminants have entered the bayous and explosive compounds do not typically accumulate to high levels in fish. (cdc.gov)
  • Information suggests that explosive compounds, such as those concentrated in areas of LAAP, do not typically accumulate to harmful levels in deer tissue or in other wildlife. (cdc.gov)
  • For some contaminants, there are other potential sources of home contamination such as air and water pollution and deteriorating lead paint in the home. (cdc.gov)
  • Both oxyanions are commonly associated with anthropogenic contamination from fertilizers, pesticides, explosives, and disinfection byproducts. (bvsalud.org)
  • If the oxidizer is exposed to any organic contamination it can become explosive and detonate during the test. (spacenews.com)
  • When items of explosive ordnance detonate they may trigger forest res, and then these res can trigger further explosions, making it even more challenging for fire fighters to extinguish the blaze because of the contamination. (envirosagainstwar.org)
  • The Workers' Family Protection Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-522, 29 U.S.C. & 671a) directed the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to conduct a study of contamination of workers' homes with hazardous chemicals and substances (including infectious agents) transported from the workplace. (cdc.gov)
  • Reaching 100 percent renewable energy will protect our drinking water supplies from hazardous contamination by drilling and fracking. (environmentamerica.org)
  • Defense contractor JMAR recently conducted a test of leading brands of bottled water in the United States using its BioSentry chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear and explosive materials detection system. (upi.com)
  • Rhoda Smith, both 162nd Force Support Squadron specialists, review data on the National Guard's interoperability network platform that is used by the Chemical, Biological, Radiological/Nuclear, and Explosive-Enhanced Response Force Package components for command-and-control communications, April 13, 2022. (af.mil)
  • An 11-person Fatality Search and Recovery Team conducted an in-person combined training with other Air and Army National Guard units that make up the Federal Emergency Management Agency's Region 9 Chemical, Biological, Radiological/Nuclear, and Explosive-Enhanced Response Force Package (U.S. Air Force photo by Maj. (af.mil)
  • Areas of focus included telecommunications, Chernobyl-related risk assessment studies and explosive material detection systems. (nato.int)
  • SAN DIEGO, Jan. 5 (UPI) -- California-based JMAR Technologies has released test results from a study with the company's explosive threat detection technologies measuring water purity. (upi.com)
  • Diagnosis is by history of exposure, symptoms and signs, and sometimes use of radiation detection equipment to localize and identify radionuclide contamination. (msdmanuals.com)
  • On 26 March 2002 an explosive belt was found in an ambulance going from Nablus to Ramallah. (who.int)
  • The possibility of contamination (for operators and/or equipment) is thus avoided, and the need for subsequent decontamination is eliminated. (spie.org)
  • The report includes a survey of reported health effects, information on sources and levels of contamination, preventive measures, decontamination procedures, a review of Federal and State laws, and response of agencies and industry to incidents involving contamination of workers' homes. (cdc.gov)
  • The United States Army had estimated that over 1.2 million tons of soils have been contaminated with explosives on their training grounds alone. (wikipedia.org)
  • Whether it is new contamination in Colombia, Myanmar, Ukraine or Yemen, or old contamination in Cambodia, Iraq or Vietnam, clearance must be completed by mine action actors. (dailymaverick.co.za)
  • NIOSH then reviewed and compiled the information received along with information in published reports on contamination of workers' homes by substances brought from the workplace. (cdc.gov)
  • Over the past 150 years, millions of tons of explosives have been produced for military applications and other activities that have led to the accidental contamination of energetic materials in the soil and groundwater. (wikipedia.org)
  • Contamination in surface soil poses no public health hazard. (cdc.gov)
  • Particulate matter pollution produced by the residential sector, drinking water availability, wastewater treatment, stormwater management, and soil contamination from the mining industry are discussed for these cities. (bvsalud.org)
  • The contamination is so important and widespread that you won't be in a position to decontaminate everything,' even if the conflict ended today, Carboni said. (yahoo.com)
  • Because of its use in construction and demolition, it has become perhaps the most widespread explosive, and thus its toxicity is the most characterized and reported. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such limited exposure with contamination in the waterways is not expected to pose a health concern. (cdc.gov)
  • Ecological impacts of explosives are the effects that both unexploded explosives and post-explosion by-products have on the environment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Syria: Near Raqqa, HI's clearance team has cleaned up piles of sulphur, a chemical used to produce explosive devices. (hi-canada.org)
  • Mine action survey and clearance operations have always focused on the contamination that can be seen. (gichd.org)
  • This guide focuses on providing a collection of current policy and best practices used in survey and clearance of underwater explosive ordnance. (gichd.org)
  • Bombing of populated areas has caused contamination on a scale never seen before. (hi-canada.org)
  • Contamination in surface water and sediment of the local streams poses no public health hazard. (cdc.gov)
  • Some contamination also might have reached the streams in surface water runoff. (cdc.gov)
  • The direct and reverberating effects of explosive violence leave people without hospitals, schools, homes, markets, water and sanitation, and other basic services. (reachingcriticalwill.org)
  • Additionally, the blasts from the explosives can crack water wells in surrounding communities, which can expose the water supply to bacteria and pathogens. (eponline.com)
  • Renewable energy reduces the need for dangerous and destructive practices like shipping explosive fuels through our cities, fracking for gas near our water supplies, or razing our mountains to dig up dirty coal. (environmentamerica.org)
  • Background: Following decades of armed conflict, Colombia remains highly affected by explosive device (ED) contamination, especially in rural areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Yemen has one of the world's highest rates of contamination with landmines and other deadly explosives, the International Committee of the Red Cross has warned, nine years after the start of the brutal civil war. (yahoo.com)
  • Since 1979, over 64,000 people in Cambodia have been killed or injured by explosive items and there is still an average of one death or injury every week. (maginternational.org)
  • That such mobilisation is still required is arguably a signal of failure and this year's theme, Mine Action Cannot Wait , highlighting the half a century of contamination experienced by the peoples of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, is laden with unintentional irony. (maginternational.org)
  • Of greatest concern to the environment are secondary explosives, such as TNT, RDX, and HMX because they are produced and used in the greatest quantities. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, their explosive yields are still enough to cause major destruction as well as radiation contamination. (keyt.com)
  • Explosives and their post-explosion by-products may be degraded by abiotic processes that include hydrolysis, oxidation, or photolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • At Al Shifa hospital in western Mosul, for example, 1,500 explosive devices were identified and neutralised between October 2016 and July 2017(UNMAS figure [1] ). (hi-canada.org)
  • These infections develop after a traumatic penetrating injury and, in this case, with combat casualties, this is usually an explosive blast injury. (cdc.gov)
  • These explosives were laid during the height of the battle for Al Hodeidah, the most heavily mined governorate in Yemen. (jmu.edu)
  • I really do not know the extent now of the contamination. (mindanews.com)
  • Little is known of the full range of health effects or the extent to which they occur as a result of workers' home contamination. (cdc.gov)
  • Contamination in groundwater poses no public health hazard. (cdc.gov)
  • On 10 February 2020, the government of Ireland hosted the second consultation in the international process it initiated last year to develop a "political declaration to ensure the protection of civilians from the humanitarian harm arising from the use of explosive weapons in populated areas. (reachingcriticalwill.org)
  • The key concern, however, from the perspective of many states and all of the participating civil society groups and international organisations, is that the draft did not contain a clear commitment against the use of explosive weapons that have wide area effects in populated areas. (reachingcriticalwill.org)
  • While it is clear that the targeting of civilians and civilian objects is in violation of international humanitarian law (IHL) , the use of explosive weapons in populated areas (EWIPA) results in consistently high levels of civilian death, injury, and destruction. (reachingcriticalwill.org)
  • When explosive weapons are used in populated areas, over 90 percent of those killed are civilians. (reachingcriticalwill.org)
  • This call has been articulated by successive UN Secretary-Generals , the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) , regional communiqués from African and Latin American states, and the International Network on Explosive Weapons (INEW) , amongst others. (reachingcriticalwill.org)
  • Primary blast injury is organ and tissue damage caused solely by the blast wave associated with high-order explosives. (medscape.com)
  • No information is available for private wells possibly located in areas where trace levels of contamination migrated beyond the site's southern boundary. (cdc.gov)
  • These practices integrates the removal, or degradation of toxic wastes that is capable of cleaning up an area with low to moderate levels of contamination. (intechopen.com)
  • They also conduct training at the Advanced Fire and Arson Training Complex located at the National Center for Explosives Training and Research. (atf.gov)
  • About half of the reports of health effects have appeared in the last 10 years, revealing new sources of contamination. (cdc.gov)
  • Twenty percent of livestock owners living in two areas close to frontlines reported explosives contamination on their land, the ICRC found after conducting a series of interviews last year. (yahoo.com)
  • The exercise participants responded to a simulated chemical contamination that required tent set-up and refrigeration units within 90 minutes, a detailed search and recovery within their assigned sector, and coordination with the local medical examiner to assist with the removal of victims. (af.mil)
  • In addition to their military use in warfare, explosives are also used in construction and demolition. (wikipedia.org)
  • Explosives have important applications in the military and in both mining and construction work. (wikipedia.org)
  • In fact, the manufacture of explosives comprises a large amount of the chemical industry. (wikipedia.org)
  • The implication for drilling and its operational companion of blasting is that the explosive energy we release needs to be delivered at exactly the right place, in exactly the right quantity, at exactly the right time. (pitandquarry.com)
  • Company officials say the results from the tests indicate "many of the higher priced brands contained heavier concentrations of bio-particle contamination than less expensive brands," the release said. (upi.com)
  • Another ICRC survey of shepherds found that 70 percent had lost animals to landmines and other explosives. (yahoo.com)