• This reciprocal altruism is strategic cooperation, captured in the phrase, "you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours. (carnegiecouncil.org)
  • Other approaches to the evolutionary puzzle of altruism also appeared in the next half-century: the ability to expect and receive reciprocal altruism, the benefits to an individual's reputation, cooperation in games where the cumulative payoff beats defection, and other models. (prospect.org)
  • The self-proclaimed "front edge of evolutionary biology" are still out there searching for altruism, except they needed to invent "reciprocal altruism" in order to be able to find anything. (clubtroppo.com.au)
  • They are yet to realize that the economists got there long ago, and the common name for "reciprocal altruism" is just plain ordinary trade. (clubtroppo.com.au)
  • That's what "reciprocal altruism" means when a biologist uses the phrase. (clubtroppo.com.au)
  • Reciprocal altruism is a behaviour whereby an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness, with the expectation that the other organism will act in a similar manner at a later time. (clubtroppo.com.au)
  • I'd argue that if there's an economic concept of 'reciprocal altruism', it would need to include contributing to something that one has no control over or can expect any direct (or certain) return from. (clubtroppo.com.au)
  • They hypothesize that natural selection favors 'altruistic' behavior in either cooperative relations in which all members benefit (reciprocal altruism) or familial relations (kin altruism). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • Both forms of altruism are concerned with the survival of one's genes: acts of reciprocal altruism increase one's chances of survival, and therefore one's genes' chances of survival, while ensuring the survival of one's relations ensures the survival of a percentage of one's genes. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • The finding doesn't just confirm that bonobos really are our better selves, but sheds light on the origins of human altruism. (iflscience.com)
  • I believe we need to look elsewhere to understand the roots of human altruism. (medindia.net)
  • A general vision of this psychological perspective is presented, together with researching contribution about the evolution of neurobiological structures, theories concerned with adaptive advantages and costs of social behavior and explanations related to cooperation and altruism, and others. (bvsalud.org)
  • Likewise, one can find a non-altruistic explanation for the apparently altruistic behavior of organisms in general. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • If so, it is less likely to be extended to explanations of altruistic behavior and it will not be offered as an alternative to attempts to 'train' people to behave better. (rna-mediated.com)
  • In biology, 'altruism' refers to behaviour which entails a fitness cost to the individual so behaving, but benefits others. (routledge.com)
  • This gene-centred - rather than group-centred - perspective leads to neat explanations for a wide range of animal behaviour, including the altruism of worker bees, which under the new theory turns out to be a strategy for maximising their genetic progeny. (scienceinschool.org)
  • We'll start by defining prosocial behaviour in psychology and looking at some prosocial behaviour examples, as well as the difference between prosocial behaviour and altruism. (hellovaia.com)
  • Selfish-gene theory allowed, however, for an explanation of altruism that arose in the 1960s and became known as "kin selection. (prospect.org)
  • Altruism in humans is given many explanations , and often claimed not to exist at all in animals. (iflscience.com)
  • Altruism, whether in humans or ants, seemed to contradict Darwin's dictum "survival of the fittest. (uncommondescent.com)
  • Our physics color commentator Rob Sheldon writes to offer some thoughts on the recent study of bees, which failed to confirm selfish gene thinking as an explanation for communal life: This is really a most interesting study. (uncommondescent.com)
  • From this, people invent altruism, because it is a way to show they are "good" without having to do good except in a symbolic role. (amerika.org)
  • But Maynard Smith's warning to the non-biologist is strangely at odds with Dawkins' express intention "to examine the biology of selfishness and altruism" - what could be closer to human affairs? (scienceinschool.org)
  • In a standard Darwinian explanation, natural selection takes place at the level of the individual organism, i.e. some organisms enjoy a survival or reproduction advantage over others, which results in evolutionary change. (routledge.com)
  • Displays of altruism could well have provided accurate clues to this and genes linked to altruism would have been favoured as a result. (medindia.net)
  • When we direct altruism towards someone genetically related to us, like our child, helping them means improving the reproductive success of our genes. (hellovaia.com)
  • Altruism is adaptive, its evolution in society is explained by an individual's approval from secular or religious authority, by enhanced social image, and by personal neural stimulation. (carnegiecouncil.org)
  • But Wilson considers these explanations inadequate, and his way out is to turn to his decades-long commitment to that alternative process: group selection. (prospect.org)
  • In 'Altruism and the Origin of the Worker Caste,' Bert Hölldobler and Edward Osborne Wilson explore the evolutionary origins of worker ants. (asu.edu)
  • In 'Altruism and the Origin of the Worker Caste,' Hölldobler and Wilson evaluate various explanations for how a non-reproductive caste of ant evolved. (asu.edu)
  • One is whether there is a plausible economic explanation for these changes. (daviddfriedman.com)
  • A plausible explanation is that the defection cost in form of punishment served as a norm reminder, but cost in form of tax lacked this function, implying that even defectors are not necessarily benefit maximizers. (psych.ac.cn)
  • 13. Altruistic Emotional Motivation: An Argument in Favour of Psychological Altruism, Christine Clavien. (politics-prose.com)
  • It also raises the argument that global humanitarianism, although motivated by altruism, must adapt to existing economies, cultures, and politics if there is any hope for a successful outcome. (cdc.gov)
  • If a gene affects altruism in such a way that the altruism is more likely to be directed at close relatives, the gene can spread in the population despite the cost imposed on the altruist. (prospect.org)
  • We provide a potential explanation using evidence from a field experiment. (aeaweb.org)
  • The results of Experiment 2 confirmed this explanation: compared with unpunished defectors, the punished ones manifested a higher level of norm activation. (psych.ac.cn)
  • The explanation comes if we look beyond the individual level. (carnegiecouncil.org)
  • Group and colony-level selection have been proposed, originally by Darwin, as a means by which altruism can evolve. (routledge.com)
  • The aim of this document is to review the explanations offered by evolutionary psychology about different elements of social competence. (bvsalud.org)
  • The whiff of revolution, combined with deep insights into the mechanics of altruism, is what makes the book exciting to read even today. (scienceinschool.org)
  • Altruism and the Origin of the Worker Caste' is the fourth chapter of Hölldobler and Wilson's book, The Ants, which was published by The Belknap Press of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 1990. (asu.edu)
  • This book is not a detailed description of the science or epidemiology of EVD but provides in-depth explanation and assessment of the actions of MSF in response to the Ebola epidemic. (cdc.gov)
  • Hall and Hall) This worldview makes use of logic, reason, empiricism , rational thought, and skepticism in order to generate explanations about natural phenomena. (rationalwiki.org)
  • Although many hundreds of studies have been undertaken, no definitive explanation has yet been found. (researchgate.net)
  • Whether Nietzsche or Dostoevsky in hand, we create polarities and a lot of confusion while missing the woven fabric of altruism and competition. (behavior.net)
  • No altruism here-just business competition. (medscape.com)
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  • Save the explanation now and read when you've got time to spare. (hellovaia.com)
  • T]rue altruism … may be the key to our species' success by providing the social glue that allowed our ancestors to form strong, resilient groups. (carnegiecouncil.org)
  • That's why it's the perfect time to also focus on teaching altruism during this back-to-school time! (hmhousing.org)
  • Thus, it might seem that Kropotkin and Darwin were ranged against each other in defence of quite different accounts of the way nature works, and that ideology gives us an explanation of those accounts. (theanarchistlibrary.org)