• Flemming, H.-C. & Wuertz, S. Bacteria and archaea on Earth and their abundance in biofilms. (nature.com)
  • The present authors hypothesised that bronchoscopy with protected specimen brush may sample biofilm-forming bacteria adherent to the airway wall, whereas traditional sputum collection may not. (ersjournals.com)
  • Retrieved bacteria were genotyped, and grown in planktonic cultures and as biofilms, and susceptibilities to individual antibiotics and to antibiotic combinations were determined. (ersjournals.com)
  • Susceptibility to single antibiotics and to antibiotic combinations were not different between planktonically or biofilm-grown bacteria derived from sputum, as compared to those obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage and protected brush. (ersjournals.com)
  • One problem with relying on sputum samples to guide therapy is that biofilm bacteria may not be adequately sampled via sputum, since sputum expectoration only samples P. aeruginosa that have detached and dispersed from the airway biofilm 5 , 6 . (ersjournals.com)
  • However, studies have not previously been done to determine whether bacteria retrieved from sputum are more susceptible to antibiotics compared to bacteria retrieved directly from the airway biofilm. (ersjournals.com)
  • Thus, it is possible that PSB may directly recover P. aeruginosa bacteria that have aggregated as biofilms and adhered to the surface of the airway. (ersjournals.com)
  • In our hospital, P. aeruginosa is one of the top coinfecting bacteria identified among COVID-19 patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • [13] The biofilm bacteria can share nutrients and are sheltered from harmful factors in the environment, such as desiccation, antibiotics, and a host body's immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • They can be found very early in Earth's fossil records (about 3.25 billion years ago) as both Archaea and Bacteria, and commonly protect prokaryotic cells by providing them with homeostasis, encouraging the development of complex interactions between the cells in the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
  • [8] [5] The first colonist bacteria of a biofilm may adhere to the surface initially by the weak van der Waals forces and hydrophobic effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the case of bacteria, strong adhesion to surfaces is required for the formation of mechanically robust biofilms. (biorxiv.org)
  • Therefore, biofilm matrix gives the additional resistance power to bacteria which makes them to not only tolerate harsh conditions but also resistant to antibiotics which lead to the emergence of bad bugs infections like multi drug resistant, extensively drug resistant and totally drug resistant bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While free-floating planktonic bacteria can be properly cleared from the CF lung, P. aeruginosa , along with alginate production, establishes an infection in the form of a biofilm which supports its survival in nature and in vivo . (marshall.edu)
  • Biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria is associated with reduced efficacy in action of antimicrobial agents against them. (adtu.in)
  • Different concentration of rhamnolipid in the range of 0.12 to 4 mg/ml was tested for inhibition of biofilm production and growth of the bacteria in-vitro. (adtu.in)
  • Quorum sensing plays a crucial role in the virulence nature of P. aeruginosa as it helps the bacteria to produce virulence factors and biofilm formation. (ijpsr.com)
  • In chronic carriers, the bacteria survive the harsh environment of the gallbladder by producing biofilm. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is proposed that the biofilm phenotype of S . Typhi allows the bacteria to increase production of the membrane matrix in order to serve as a physical shield and to adhere to surfaces, and enter an energy conservation state in response to the stressful environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While in the gallbladder, the bacteria forms a biofilm on either the gallstones or gallbladder epithelium, providing a stable environment for growth and survival of the bacteria, and resulting in increased resistance towards the host's immune system and antimicrobial agents [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The biofilm matrix consists of polysaccharide layers that form around S. Typhi to protect the bacteria from its harsh environment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To date there have been a limited number of studies on the transcriptome of bacteria and the genes involved in biofilm formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lastly, molecular docking studies of identified phytochemicals with adhesin proteins of tested food pathogens, which helps the bacteria in surface attachment and leads to biofilm formation, were assessed. (unisa.it)
  • Bacteria like P. aeruginosa are able to colonize this mucus and cause chronic infections, which cannot be eradicated by antibiotic treatment [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Marine bacteria from the French Atlantic coast displaying high forming-biofilm abilities and different biofilm 3D architectures. (univ-ubs.fr)
  • Researchers have known for more than 20 years that bacteria participate in collective behaviors such as forming biofilms and acquiring nutrients from the environment. (the-scientist.com)
  • In the present study, bioflocculant derived from bacteria are widely explored in bioremediation such as removing heavy metal and inhibiting biofilm formation. (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • The biofilm resident bacteria also display phenotypic drug tolerance and thus it has been hypothesized that the drug unresponsiveness in vivo could be due to formation of biofilms inside the host. (microbialcell.com)
  • Three models of Mtb biofilm formation have been proposed to study the factors regulating biofilm formation, the physiology of the resident bacteria, and the nature of the biomaterial that holds these bacterial masses together. (microbialcell.com)
  • We believe that a better understanding of the EPS of Mtb biofilms and the physiology of the resident bacteria will facilitate the development of shorter regimen for TB treatment. (microbialcell.com)
  • Bacteria are generally studied in the research laboratories as single cell suspensions called as planktonic cultures, however, in nature, bacteria primarily exist as a community encased in a self-produced extracellular matrix called as biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
  • Over 90% of bacteria in nature exist in robust, sessile communities known as biofilms (Vu et al. (springeropen.com)
  • Biofilm bacteria attach to surfaces and are surrounded by an extracellular matrix called the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) (Costerton et al. (springeropen.com)
  • However, overexpression of PslG in a pslG deletion background impaired biofilm formation and resulted in less surface-associated Psl, suggesting that regulation of this enzyme is important during polysaccharide biosynthesis. (rcsb.org)
  • In summary, we demonstrated that P. aeuginosa clinical isolates with novel epigenetic markers could form excessive biofilm, which might enhance its antibiotic resistance and in vivo colonization in COVID-19 patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • Phenotypic characteristics of P.aeruginosa might be responsible for increased colonization and antibiotic resistance observed in vivo and understanding these differences may lead to development of clinical guidelines for the management of MDR infections. (springeropen.com)
  • Unrelated phenotypic differences in biofilm formation and lung colonization as well as variations in genome size, all within different sources of P. aeruginosa were discovered and could lead to variations in morbidity and mortality related to P. aeruginosa infections in CF. A key factor in alginate regulation is AlgU/AlgT, a sigma factor that also impacts the expression of many other involved proteins. (marshall.edu)
  • Taken together, the phenotypic and genotypic analysis of the regulation of alginate may further lead to treatments to prevent biofilm formation and subsequent CF host colonization with P. aeruginosa . (marshall.edu)
  • This engineered micro-pattern reduces the colonization and biofilm formation of key VAP-associated pathogens in vitro . (springeropen.com)
  • Primarily, in this study, A. philippense crude extract was screened for its phytochemical constituents, antagonistic potential, and effect on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation against common food pathogens. (unisa.it)
  • Thus, our findings represent the bioactivity and potency of A. philippense crude extract against food pathogens not only in their planktonic forms but also against/in biofilms for the first time. (unisa.it)
  • We have also correlated these findings with the possible mechanism of biofilm inhibition via targeting adhesin proteins, which could be explored further to design new bioactive compounds against biofilm producing foodborne bacterial pathogens. (unisa.it)
  • Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and P. aeruginosa comprise the top two causative organisms of VAP and are considered particularly devastating lung pathogens as they cause persistent pneumonia infections, are resistant to a number of antimicrobials, and are associated with a high attributable mortality of patients with VAP [ 7 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • A number of non-tuberculous mycobacterium species are opportunistic pathogens and ubiquitously form biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
  • The bacterial pathogens within the RSSC produce exopolysaccharide (EPS), a highly complicated nitrogen-containing heteropolymeric polysaccharide, as a major virulence factor. (ppjonline.org)
  • Biofilms have great importance for public health because of their role in certain infectious diseases and importance in a variety of device-related infections. (cdc.gov)
  • It is a biofilm-forming opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening chronic infections in immunocompromised individuals with diseases like burn wounds, urinary tract infections, and respiratory infections ( Gellatly and Hancock, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Gallium therapy represents a viable therapeutic strategy for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients harbouring mucoid P. aeruginosa biofilm lung infections. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and the causative agent of various nosocomial infections. (biorxiv.org)
  • Bacterial communities that are attached to a surface, so-called biofilms, and their inherent resistance to antimicrobial agents are a cause of many persistent and chronic bacterial infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biofilms have been shown to colonize a wide variety of medical devices and to be associated with several human diseases, such as native valve endocarditis, burn wound infections, chronic otitis media with effusion and cystic fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent advances in our understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of bacterial community behavior point to therapeutic targets that may provide a means for the control of biofilm infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. (zimmerbiomet.com)
  • Our aim was to characterize the virulence determinants of MDR P. aeruginosa causing ocular infections. (springeropen.com)
  • The aim of our present study was to screen P. aeruginosa strains isolated from ocular infections, for their potential to produce various phenotypic virulence factors and correlating them with biofilm formation and their antibiotic susceptibility profile. (springeropen.com)
  • Phage therapy is an alternative to treat these chronic P. aeruginosa infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Since eradication of chronic P. aeruginosa infections by antibiotics fails, phage therapy is a possibility to treat bacterial infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacterial biofilms play an important role in UTIs, responsible for persistent infections leading to recurrences and relapses. (mdpi.com)
  • The extracellular matrix of mycobacterial biofilms: could we shorten the treatment of mycobacterial infections? (microbialcell.com)
  • P. aeruginosa , an opportunistic pathogen, establishes a chronic infection in CF with a phenotype of overproduction of an exopolysaccharide (alginate) due to host-directed mutagenesis. (marshall.edu)
  • Results revealed that the biofilm production by the pathogen was inhibited by 90% in presence of rhamnolipid at 2% mg/ml concentration. (adtu.in)
  • The inhibition of biofilm formation could be the combined effect of reduced growth and production of Exopolysaccharide (ESP) by the pathogen under the influence of the rhamnolipid. (adtu.in)
  • The in-vitro analysis showed a marked decrease in the production of virulence factors such as pyocyanin, rhamnolipids, protease, elastase, exopolysaccharides, HCN gas production and biofilm formation. (ijpsr.com)
  • The biofilm and P. aeruginosa have a high resistance to antibiotics, but susceptible to inhibition by macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Metabolic activity of the bacterial biofilm communities have altered as compared to the planktonic one such as increased rates of EPS production, activation or inhibition of particular genes associated with biofilm formation and decreased growth rate [ 39 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition to this, a significant inhibition in the motility factors of P. aeruginosa such as swimming, swarming, twitching was also observed. (ijpsr.com)
  • Bioflocculant were exhibited excellent biofilm inhibition against P. aeruginosa where maximum reduction (73%) were achieved at the minimum amount of 80µg/ml dose. (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • It was concluded that the bioflocculant produced have the potential in metal removal and biofilm inhibition. (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • Also, amount of metal uptake and biofilm inhibition percentage of the bioflocculant was estimated. (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • The exopolysaccharide matrix is the important component of the biofilm. (ukessays.com)
  • 1999 ). Ninety percent of the dry weight mass of biofilms is composed of EPS, and the other major component of the biofilm matrix (up to 97%) is water (Sutherland 2001 ). (springeropen.com)
  • Van Leeuwenhoek, using his simple microscopes, first observed microorganisms on tooth surfaces and can be credited with the discovery of microbial biofilms. (cdc.gov)
  • Many early biofilm studies used scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed in detail the surface morphologies of microbial biofilms and their structure. (springeropen.com)
  • By using a specific polysaccharide-stain called Ruthenium red and coupling this with osmium tetroxide fixative, these researchers were also able to show that the matrix material surrounding and enclosing cells in these biofilms was polysaccharide. (cdc.gov)
  • In this study, we established RAINBOW-seq and profiled the transcriptome of Escherichia coli biofilm communities with high spatial resolution and high gene coverage. (nature.com)
  • That significant fractions of the bacterial genome could be involved in, or affected during, biofilm formation was shown in Escherichia coli in a genome-wide screen using random chromosomal insertions of a lacZ reporter gene fusion construct [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, the mechanism of this transition and the events leading to biofilm formation are unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subpopulations of cells within the biofilm differentiate to perform various activities for motility, matrix production, and sporulation, supporting the overall success of the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Generally the twitching motility of the P.aeruginosa helps to use its unipolar flagellum to adhere a surface. (ukessays.com)
  • The isolates were identified by Vitek-2 and characterized based on growth kinetics, biofilm formation, motility, pyoverdine and pyocyanin production, phospholipase and catalase activity, urease production along with expression of exotoxins (exo-A, exo-U and exo-S) and correlated to its antibiotic profiles. (springeropen.com)
  • For the first time it was found that salicylic acid influenced motility in biofilms and transcription of the surfactin synthetase gene of the endophytic strain Bacillus subtilis 26D in vitro. (mdpi.com)
  • The second maturation phase is reached at stage 4 with fully mature biofilms, as indicated by the complex biofilm architecture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Much of the work in the last 2 decades has relied on tools such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or standard microbiologic culture techniques for biofilm characterization. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibiofilm potency and efficacy were assessed on the development, formation, and texture of biofilms through light microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and the assessment of exopolysaccharide production. (unisa.it)
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been successfully used to image biofilms because of its high resolution and magnification. (springeropen.com)
  • The microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rediscovery of a microbiologic phenomenon, first described by van Leeuwenhoek, that microorganisms attach to and grow universally on exposed surfaces led to studies that revealed surface-associated microorganisms (biofilms) exhibited a distinct phenotype with respect to gene transcription and growth rate. (cdc.gov)
  • The phenotype of S . Typhi biofilm cells is significantly different from the free-swimming planktonic cells, and studies have shown that they are associated with antibiotic resistance, immune system evasion, and bacterial persistence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It has been hypothesized that the transformation of this organism from the planktonic to the biofilm phenotype leads to persistence and development of the carrier state in man. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This data provide a basis for further studies to uncover the mechanism of biofilm formation in S . Typhi and to discover novel genes or pathways associated with the development of the typhoid carrier state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At the next stage (3), the first maturation phase is reached, as indicated by early development of biofilm architecture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vitro studies have shown thatbiofilm-forming P. aeruginosa are significantly less susceptible to antibiotics compared to nonadherent forms 3 , 7 . (ersjournals.com)
  • Microbes form a biofilm in response to a number of different factors, [9] which may include cellular recognition of specific or non-specific attachment sites on a surface, nutritional cues, or in some cases, by exposure of planktonic cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics . (wikipedia.org)
  • Treatment of P. aeruginosa in the affected patients has become difficult because of its ability to develop resistant strains against most of the conventional therapeutic antibiotics. (ijpsr.com)
  • 1 These public goods can take many forms in a bacterial community: exopolysaccharides to build biofilms, enzymes that degrade antibiotics, or scavenging molecules to cope with nutrient scarcity in the environment. (the-scientist.com)
  • The complete sequence of the genome of P aeruginosa strain, PAO1, is noted for its large size and diverse metabolic capacity. (medscape.com)
  • Additional alginate loci were located within the P. aeruginosa PAO1 genome utilizing isogenic mucoid mutants coupled with PAO1-derived cosmid complementation. (marshall.edu)
  • A total of 10 patients (83%) had a single strain of P. aeruginosa found using sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage and protected brush techniques, and two patients (17%) had two strains recovered in sputum, but only one strain was recovered using bronchoscopic techniques. (ersjournals.com)
  • We collected a strong biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa strain displaying small colony variant morphology from a severe COVID-19 patient. (frontiersin.org)
  • Siderophore deficient P. aeruginosa isolates still demonstrate a hindered biofilm proliferation when exposed to gallium but it is currently unknown whether exogenous gallium has any disruptive influence on the exopolysaccharide (EPS), the major mucoid P. aeruginosa CF lung biofilm matrix component. (whiterose.ac.uk)
  • Vibrio tapetis , the causative agent of Brown Ring Disease, forms biofilms with spherical components. (univ-ubs.fr)
  • P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from 46 patients with conjunctivitis (2), endophthalmitis (11) and active keratitis (25) seen at our Institute, between 2016 and 2020. (springeropen.com)
  • Using various genetically mutated P. aeruginosa strains, it is observed that the contributions of the exopolysaccharides Pel, Psl, and alginate to biofilm viscoelasticity were different for the biofilms grown in vitro and in vivo. (tdl.org)
  • We isolated and characterized a phage, named JG024, which infects a broad range of clinical and environmental P. aeruginosa strains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biofilms of ∆ arcS and ∆ arcA strains carrying a transcriptional gfp -reporter fused to the mxd promoter revealed a reduced mxd expression, suggesting that ArcS/ArcA are necessary for activation of mxd expression under biofilm conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • P. aeruginosa has low nutritional requirements and can high tolerance to a range of physical conditions, thus making it more pathogenic. (springeropen.com)
  • We have discussed the biofilms of several pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species in context to the in vivo pathologies. (microbialcell.com)
  • Besides pathogenic NTMs, Mycobacterium smegmatis is often used as a model organism for understanding mycobacterial physiology and has been studied extensively for understanding the mycobacterial biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
  • A synergy was observed between A. philippense crude extract and chloramphenicol for E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa, whereas an additive effect was observed for S. flexneri. (unisa.it)
  • [10] [11] A cell that switches to the biofilm mode of growth undergoes a phenotypic shift in behavior in which large suites of genes are differentially regulated . (wikipedia.org)
  • The raw data were deposited to the Gene Expression Omnibus ( GSE197541 for RAINBOW-seq data and GSE213531 for RNA-seq Δ sapD biofilm periphery and pyrimidine biosynthesis heterogeneity). (nature.com)
  • Differential gene expression analysis indicated that this isolate formed excessive biofilm by reducing flagellar formation (7.4 to 1,624.1 folds) and overproducing extracellular matrix components including CdrA (4.4 folds), alginate (5.2 to 29.1 folds) and Pel (4.8-5.5 folds). (frontiersin.org)
  • The results from the planktonic and biofilm gene expression results are compared. (ukessays.com)
  • Recent genomic and proteomic studies have identified many of the genes and gene products differentially expressed during biofilm formation, revealing the complexity of this developmental process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • But a comparison of the differentially expressed gene sets identified in several recent DNA microarray studies [ 7 - 10 ] reveals that no common expression pattern for biofilms has yet emerged. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sequencing libraries were prepared from S . Typhi planktonic cells and mature biofilm cells using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, and the transcriptome data obtained were processed using Cufflinks bioinformatics suite of programs to investigate differential gene expression between the two phenotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this present work we try to grow planktonic cultures and biofilms cultures on the microcarriers in a fermentor separately. (ukessays.com)
  • The genome annotation is continually updated, and the database functionality is being expanded to facilitate accelerated discovery of P aeruginosa drug targets and vaccine candidates. (medscape.com)
  • The availability of complete bacterial genome sequences, together with the development of microarrays with which the expression of the entire genome of an organism grown under two conditions can be assayed, has launched the post-genomic era of biofilm research and generated a wealth of new information. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Looking back, research on biofilms has come a long way since the initial characterization of a biofilm by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biofilm-associated cells can be differentiated from their suspended counterparts by generation of an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, reduced growth rates, and the up- and down- regulation of specific genes. (cdc.gov)
  • A biofilm is an assemblage of surface-associated microbial cells that is enclosed in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix. (cdc.gov)
  • 1996). During the biofilm development several factors plays a key role mainly the exopolymeric matrix. (ukessays.com)
  • Biofilms (so called because macroscopically they do look like a thin layer of slime) have a distinct architecture, consisting of tower- and mushroom-shaped microcolonies encased in a hydrated matrix of exopolymeric substances, polysaccharides and proteins that are produced by the resident microorganisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results showed that the genes associated with metabolic processes and biofilm regulations were down-regulated while those associated with the membrane matrix and antibiotic resistance were highly up-regulated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vitro experiments with collagen containing medium suggest this likely arises from the incorporation of host material, most notably collagen, into the matrix of the biofilm when it is grown in vivo. (tdl.org)
  • A. philippense crude extract also impedes the biofilm matrix by reducing the total content of exopolysaccharide, and, likewise, the microscopic images revealed a great extent of disruption in the architecture of biofilms. (unisa.it)
  • MxdB has homology to a membrane-bound type II glycosyl transferase and was thought to be involved in the transport of extracellular material involved in forming the matrix of S. oneidensis MR-1 biofilms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, these components are not necessarily the constituents of the extracellular matrix of mycobacterial biofilms. (microbialcell.com)
  • Compared with samples prepared by the conventional method, the ionic-liquid-treated samples do not exhibit a fibrous extracellular matrix structure and cracking on the biofilm surface. (springeropen.com)
  • [2] [3] The cells within the biofilm produce the EPS components, which are typically a polymeric conglomeration of extracellular polysaccharides , proteins , lipids and DNA . (wikipedia.org)
  • Interestingly, thiol reductive stress-induced Mtb biofilms are held together by cellulose and yet unidentified structural proteins. (microbialcell.com)
  • P. aeruginosa small colony variants (SCVs) which prefer the biofilm mode of growth, thrive in harsh environmental conditions and are found in the chronically infected CF lung, were generated in the laboratory for further study. (marshall.edu)
  • The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the PSB can sample directly from the airway biofilm and, thus, more accurately represent the state of P. aeruginosa in CF patients' lungs. (ersjournals.com)
  • An established biofilm structure comprises microbial cells and EPS, has a defined architecture, and provides an optimal environment for the exchange of genetic material between cells. (cdc.gov)
  • A biofilm comprises any syntrophic consortium of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often also to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two major thrusts in the last decade have dramatically impacted our understanding of biofilms: the utilization of the confocal laser scanning microscope to characterize biofilm ultrastructure, and an investigation of the genes involved in cell adhesion and biofilm formation. (cdc.gov)
  • The EPS has many functions, such as promoting the microbial adhesion and structural stability of the biofilm (Flemming et al. (springeropen.com)
  • thus, efflux pump inhibitors are thought to be useful in reducing the invasiveness and antimicrobial resistance of P aeruginosa and may be promising as new anti-infectious agents. (medscape.com)
  • These biofilm microorganisms have been shown to elicit specific mechanisms for initial attachment to a surface, development of a community structure and ecosystem, and detachment. (cdc.gov)
  • The formation of a biofilm begins with the attachment of free-floating microorganisms to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • The development of the biofilm starts with the attachment of the freely moving planktonic cell to a surface. (ukessays.com)
  • Glycopeptidolipids are indispensable for initial surface attachment during biofilm formation in Mycobacterium smegmatis [ 111 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • mshA ∆ mxdB double mutants were entirely deficient in initial attachment and biofilm formation [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biofilms grown in vivo are more relatively elastic than those grown in a wound-like medium in vitro but exhibited similar compliance. (tdl.org)
  • Taken together with earlier studies that examined the in vitro effects of collagen on mechanical properties, we conclude that collagen may, in some cases, be the dominant contributor to biofilm viscoelasticity in vivo. (tdl.org)
  • To evaluate the feasibility of this micro-pattern for this application, the microbial range of performance was investigated in addition to biofilm studies with and without a mucin-rich medium to simulate the tracheal environment in vitro . (springeropen.com)
  • Our work provides an extended understanding of the metabolic interplay in biofilms and presents a new approach of investigating complex interactions in bacterial communities on the systems level. (nature.com)
  • Fig. 6: Local cycling of nucleotide and metabolic division of labor at biofilm periphery. (nature.com)
  • BarA might function as a sensor to assess the metabolic state of the cell, including carbon starvation, leading to expression of the mxd operon and therefore control biofilm formation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Biofilms may form on living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) surfaces and can be prevalent in natural, industrial, and hospital settings. (wikipedia.org)
  • P. aeruginosa employs dynamic extracellular filaments called type-IVa pili (T4P) to migrate on these surfaces [ 8 - 12 ], see Fig. 1b . (biorxiv.org)
  • 0.01) reduction was demonstrated on micro-patterned surfaces for P. aeruginosa biofilms under clinically-simulated conditions when compared to un-patterned controls. (springeropen.com)
  • Fig. 2: Spatial transcriptome of E. coli biofilm. (nature.com)
  • In the end, we have described the biofilms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis. (microbialcell.com)
  • Growth pattern of Mycobacterium species are different such as M. chelonae and M. fortuitum form biofilm as vertical and entire surface growth, respectively [ 93 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Compared with their planktonic (non-adherent) counterparts, the compact microbial consortia present in biofilms show extraordinary resistance to conventional biocides, antimicrobial treatments and the immune defense responses of the host. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This was done through ex vivo microrheology measurements of in vivo biofilms excised from mouse wound beds. (tdl.org)
  • To our knowledge, this is the first time that the mechanics of in vivo biofilms have been measured. (tdl.org)