Excitatory synapses and inhibitory synapses. Medical search. Frequent questions

I am trying to use inhibitory and excitatory neurons for my neuron model, but I haven't found a way to specify if neurons are excitatory or inhibitory. (discourse.group)
https://brian2.readthedocs.io/en/stable/examples/frompapers.Stimberg_et_al_2018.example_1_COBA.html , where different synaptic conductances and neurotransmitters were used in order to tell the difference between the neurons. (discourse.group)
Is this the only way of specifying inhibitory and excitatory neurons in Brian2, or are there other ways? (discourse.group)
E.g. in a very simple integrate-and-fire model like the CUBA example , both types of neurons are modeled in the same way and the only difference between the synapses is their sign. (discourse.group)
And of course there are many intermediate solutions, e.g. for relatively abstract integrate-and-fire models the most common way to model the difference between excitatory and inhibitory neurons is to simply give the inhibitory neurons a shorter time constant, and similarly you can get a crude approximation of different neurotransmitters by changing the time constant of your synapses. (discourse.group)
Chemical synapses are biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be sent to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands. (wikipedia.org)
Chemical synapses allow neurons to form circuits within the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Synapses are functional connections between neurons, or between neurons and other types of cells. (wikipedia.org)
for synapses between two neurons the postsynaptic region may be found on the dendrites or cell body. (wikipedia.org)
Here, we determined the distributions of inhibitory postsynaptic sites on the dendritic arbors of individual neurons, and compared their developmental patterns with that of excitatory postsynaptic sites. (wustl.edu)
We focused on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the output neurons of the retina, which receive excitatory input from bipolar cells and inhibitory input from amacrine cells. (wustl.edu)
Cr-Aint neurons are electrically coupled to all other neurons in the network and produce slow excitatory synaptic inputs to them. (jneurosci.org)
This excitatory transmission is found to be GABAergic, which is demonstrated by the use of GABA antagonists, uptake inhibitors, and double-labeling experiments showing that Cr-Aint neurons are GABA-immunoreactive. (jneurosci.org)
The central mechanism involves patterned activation of the preganglionic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus that project onto inhibitory and excitatory neurons in the esophageal myenteric plexus. (nature.com)
There are two main types of neurons in the cerebral cortex: excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons. (kcl.ac.uk)
Inhibitory interneurons pace and synchronise the activity of excitatory neurons, thereby orchestrating their behaviour. (kcl.ac.uk)
Neurons in the cerebral cortex organise in networks wired by connections known as synapses. (kcl.ac.uk)
We found that hypomyelination reduces inhibitory connections to L2/3 neurons without affecting excitatory inputs, thus altering excitatory/inhibitory balance. (biorxiv.org)
Moreover, it has recently been appreciated that myelin is also present on inhibitory neurons 14 but the role of myelin for inhibitory circuits in unknown. (biorxiv.org)
Many structures and processes are involved in the development of a seizure, including neurons, ion channels, receptors, glia, and inhibitory and excitatory synapses. (medscape.com)
Since axons have reached the exact origin, neurons begin to form synapses with the help of astrocytes once again. (degruyter.com)
We found an intersegmental chain of synaptically connected neurons, alternating excitatory and inhibitory, necessary for wave propagation and active in phase with the wave. (elifesciences.org)
The excitatory neurons (A27h) are premotor and necessary only for forward locomotion, and are modulated by stretch receptors and descending inputs. (elifesciences.org)
The inhibitory neurons (GDL) are necessary for both forward and backward locomotion, suggestive of different yet coupled central pattern generators, and its inhibition is necessary for wave propagation. (elifesciences.org)
This circuit is made up of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. (elifesciences.org)
Both types of neurons regulate movement, but the inhibitory neurons must be suppressed for movement to occur. (elifesciences.org)
The difference between them, the team learned, was in their release of message-carrying neurotransmitters into the spaces called synapses between neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
Li's group found that fear conditioning induced experience-dependent changes in the release of neurotransmitters in excitatory synapses that connect with inhibitory neurons -- neurons that suppress the activity of other neurons -- in the central amygdala. (sciencedaily.com)
This balance is determined in part by the number and function of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, the excitability of input and output neurons and the ability of microcircuits to compensate for synaptic alterations, known as synaptic homeostasis. (sfari.org)
The neurons communicate through approximately 6400 chemical synapses, 900 gap junctions, and 1500 neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). (wormatlas.org)
An excitatory pulse-coupled neural network is a network composed of neurons coupled via excitatory synapses, where the coupling among the neurons is mediated by the transmission of Excitatory Post-Synaptic Potentials (EPSPs). (scholarpedia.org)
On the other hand, numerical and analytical studies of collective motions in networks made of simple spiking neurons have been mainly devoted to balanced excitatory-inhibitory configurations (Brunel, 2000), while few studies focused on the emergence of coherent activity in purely excitatory networks. (scholarpedia.org)
Pioneering studies of two pulse coupled neurons have revealed that excitatory coupling can have desynchronizing effect, while in general synchronization can be achieved only for sufficiently fast synapses (van Vreeswijk et al. (scholarpedia.org)
1995). Van Vreeswijk in 1996 has extended these analysis to globally (or fully) coupled excitatory networks of Leaky Integrate-and-Fire (LIF) neurons, where each neuron is connected to all the others. (scholarpedia.org)
This analysis has confirmed that for slow synapses the collective dynamics is asynchronous ( Splay States ) while for sufficiently fast synaptic responses a quite peculiar coherent regime emerges, characterized by partial synchronization at the population level, while single neurons perform quasi-periodic motions (van Vreeswijk, 1996). (scholarpedia.org)
How do graded potentials Action potentials and synapses work together to create communication between neurons and organs? (lukesepworth.com)
Studies of __________ and __________ neurons offered the first compelling evidence for electrical synapses. (flashcardmachine.com)
A neuron can simultaneously receive many impulses-excitatory and inhibitory-from other neurons and integrate simultaneous impulses into various patterns of firing. (msdmanuals.com)
In co-culture with human cortical neurons and after transplantation (AT) into human brain tissue resected from patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, light-activated channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expressing hdINs induced postsynaptic currents in human neurons, strongly suggesting functional efferent synapse formation. (lu.se)
Susceptible neuronal populations also include inhibitory neurons in the thalamic Reticular Nucleus. (cdc.gov)

Recent studies revealed a key role for PSD- 95, a scaffolding molecule enriched at glutamatergic synapses, in modulation of clustering of several neurotransmitter receptors, adhesion molecules, ion channels, cytoskeletal elements and signaling molecules at postsynaptic sites. (frontiersin.org)
The postsynaptic compartment of excitatory synapses is characterized by an electron-dense region, referred to as the postsynaptic density (PSD), attributable to the high density of neurotransmitter receptors and associated molecules at these sites. (frontiersin.org)
Although inhibitory postsynaptic sites lack PSDs, they also consist of complex protein matrices. (frontiersin.org)
Chemical synapses pass information directionally from a presynaptic cell to a postsynaptic cell and are therefore asymmetric in structure and function. (wikipedia.org)
When examined under an electron microscope, asymmetric synapses are characterized by rounded vesicles in the presynaptic cell, and a prominent postsynaptic density. (wikipedia.org)
Symmetric synapses in contrast have flattened or elongated vesicles, and do not contain a prominent postsynaptic density. (wikipedia.org)
Neuroligin-3 is a postsynaptic adhesion molecule involved in development, function, and pathologies of synapses in the brain. (mbexc.de)
There are four Neuroligins that operate at distinct synapse types, selectively interacting with presynaptic adhesion and postsynaptic scaffold proteins. (mbexc.de)
To visualize and map inhibitory postsynaptic sites, we generated transgenic mice in which RGCs express fluorescently tagged Neuroligin 2 (YFP-NL2) under the control of the Thy1 promoter. (wustl.edu)
By labeling RGC dendrites biolistically in YFP-NL2-expressing retinas, we were able to map the spatial distribution and thus densities of inhibitory postsynaptic sites on the dendritic arbors of individual large-field RGCs across ages.Results: We demonstrate that YFP-NL2 is present at inhibitory synapses in the inner plexiform layer by its co-localization with gephyrin, the γ2 subunit of the GABA A receptor and glycine receptors. (wustl.edu)
Unexpectedly, the adult ratio of inhibitory/excitatory postsynaptic sites was rapidly attained, shortly after glutamatergic synaptogenesis commenced (postnatal day 7).Conclusion: Our observations suggest that bipolar and amacrine cell synaptogenesis onto RGCs appear coordinated to rapidly attain a balanced ratio of excitatory and inhibitory synapse densities prior to the onset of visual experience. (wustl.edu)
Dynamic target of seizure control in management of epilepsy is achieving balance between factors that influence excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) and those that influence inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP). (medscape.com)

An abundance of free regulatory (19 S) proteasome particles regulates neuronal synapses. (mpg.de)
To gain insights into the impact of hypomyelination on excitatory and inhibitory neuronal network function in A1, we took advantage of mice in which ErbB receptor signaling in oligodendrocytes has been eliminated by expression of a dominant-negative ErbB4 in cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage under the control of the CNPase promoter (CNP-DN-ErbB4, 15 ). (biorxiv.org)
Presynaptic Neuronal Pentraxin Receptor Organizes Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses. (antibodiesinc.com)

Do you mean to make a difference between different neuron types (e.g. regular spiking excitatory pyramidal cells vs. fast spiking inhibitory interneurons) or just between excitatory and inhibitory synapses? (discourse.group)
The authors identified a signalling pathway controlling the formation of synapses between excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons expressing the protein parvalbumin. (kcl.ac.uk)
We identified a signalling pathway that controls protein synthesis in one of the most fundamental connections in the cerebral cortex, the synapses made by pyramidal cells on parvalbumin interneurons. (kcl.ac.uk)
This discovery supports the idea that the synapses made by excitatory pyramidal cells and the parvalbumin-positive interneurons might be particularly sensitive to dysregulation seen in developmental brain conditions such as ASD. (kcl.ac.uk)
This observation suggests that the connections between excitatory pyramidal cells and inhibitory interneurons expressing parvalbumin are a possible hot spot for multiple genetic risk factors in ASD", says Professor Rico, co-senior author of the study. (kcl.ac.uk)
Two synapses were analyzed in conditional neuregulin mutants: inhibitory synapses formed by CCK+ basket cells onto the soma of pyramidal cells (GAD65, CB1R) and excitatory synapses made by pyramidal cells onto PV+ interneurons (VGlut1, PSD95). (elifesciences.org)

The second feedback is based on excitatory reciprocal connections between contralateral interneurons. (jneurosci.org)
E ) Quantification of the density of VGlut1+/PSD95+/tdTomato+ synapses contacting PV+ interneurons in Nrg1 and Nrg3 conditional mutant mice. (elifesciences.org)

We investigated the subcellular localization and scaffold specificities of synaptic Neuroligin-3 and demonstrate an unexpected pattern of localization to excitatory synapses in cortical areas, and inhibitory synapses in subcortical areas. (mbexc.de)
Synapses in different cortical areas can have varied forms of plasticity, being either STD-dominated, STF-dominated, or showing a mixture of both forms. (scholarpedia.org)

Synapses are junctions between nerve cells that allow the cells to communicate with each other and form the neural circuits responsible for generating behavior. (labmanager.com)

Finally, the neurotransmitters are cleared from the synapse through one of several potential mechanisms including enzymatic degradation or re-uptake by specific transporters either on the presynaptic cell or on some other neuroglia to terminate the action of the neurotransmitter. (wikipedia.org)
A neuron generates and propagates an action potential along its axon, then transmits this signal across a synapse by releasing neurotransmitters, which trigger a reaction in another neuron or an effector cell (eg, muscle cells, most exocrine and endocrine cells). (msdmanuals.com)
instead, they communicate through the transmission of neurotransmitters across the synapses. (msdmanuals.com)

On the other end of the spectrum, you could model each cell type in detail with different types of ion channels and different sizes/capacitances/etc. and use detailed neurotransmitter models for AMPA, NMDA, GABA, …, synapses. (discourse.group)
Excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain is predominantly mediated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, while inhibitory transmission is mediated mainly by the neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may result from a GABA synapse dysfunction that disturbs neural synchrony. (hindawi.com)
2020 ) Relocation of an Extrasynaptic GABA Receptor to Inhibitory Synapses Freezes Excitatory Synaptic Strength and Preserves Memory. (neurotree.org)
Does the shift in the role of GABA from excitatory neurotransmission to inhibitory neurotransmission during early development play a role in autism? (sfari.org)

How this balance is attained in the central nervous system during development is not well understood, and is complicated by the fact that, in vivo, GABAergic and glycinergic synaptogenesis precedes that of glutamatergic synapses. (wustl.edu)

Nanoscale rules governing the organization of glutamate receptors in spine synapses are subunit specific. (antibodiesinc.com)

Henry first thought that inhibition was impaired and received a grant from NAAR (National Alliance of Autism Research) to establish how the inhibitory system is recruited in the normal brain and in animal models of autism. (wrongplanet.net)
The endocannabinoid is produced at inhibitory synapses and suppresses inhibition in the amygdala. (labmanager.com)
The origin of these oscillations is commonly associated to the balance between excitation and inhibition in the network, while purely excitatory circuits are believed to lead to "unstructured population bursts " (Buzsàki, 2006). (scholarpedia.org)

Afterdepolarizations apparently represent recurrent GABAergic excitatory inputs. (jneurosci.org)
It is suggested here that these afterdepolarizing potentials are produced by GABAergic excitatory autapses. (jneurosci.org)

In new research published in Science, a collaborative study between the Rico and Marín groups reported that the regulation of protein synthesis occurs in a highly specific manner, to the degree of the type of synapse involved. (kcl.ac.uk)

Neural circuits are controlled by a balance of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, the relative weighting of which determines a given circuit's state of excitability and output. (labmanager.com)

Using phosphoproteomics, we identify Neuroligin-3-specific serine phosphorylation in cortex and hippocampus that obstructs a key binding site for inhibitory synapse scaffolds. (mbexc.de)
However, coherent activity patterns have been observed also in "in vivo" measurements of the developing rodent neocortex and hippocampus for a short period after birth, despite the fact that at this early stage the nature of the involved synapses is essentially excitatory, while inhibitory synapses will develop only later (Allene et al. (scholarpedia.org)

At a chemical synapse, one neuron releases neurotransmitter molecules into a small space (the synaptic cleft) that is adjacent to another neuron. (wikipedia.org)
What are the three components of a chemical synapse? (flashcardmachine.com)

This process is thought to be regulated by molecules that regulate synapse number, morphology and strength. (frontiersin.org)

The number of synapses in the human cerebral cortex has separately been estimated at 0.15 quadrillion (150 trillion) The word "synapse" was introduced by Sir Charles Scott Sherrington in 1897. (wikipedia.org)
Glutamic acid is an excitatory neurotransmitter that is involved primarily in the pathways leading from the cerebral cortex to the striatum. (medscape.com)

The process begins with a wave of electrochemical excitation called an action potential traveling along the membrane of the presynaptic cell, until it reaches the synapse. (wikipedia.org)
YFP-NL2 puncta were apposed to the vesicular inhibitory transmitter transporter VGAT but not to CtBP2, a marker of presynaptic ribbons found at bipolar cell terminals. (wustl.edu)
Short-term plasticity (STP) ( Stevens 95 , Markram 96 , Abbott 97 , Zucker 02 , Abbott 04 ), also called dynamical synapses, refers to a phenomenon in which synaptic efficacy changes over time in a way that reflects the history of presynaptic activity. (scholarpedia.org)
First, Ill discuss recent presynaptic proteomics, where we have uncovered a dynamic signaling pathway that orchestrates synaptic vesicle replenishment across both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. (ist.ac.at)

Evidence for increased excitatory drive is based largely on the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous and action-potential-evoked excitatory synaptic potentials. (sfari.org)
Increased frequencies and amplitudes of excitatory synaptic potentials have been observed in mouse models bearing human mutations in genes such as NLGN3, SHANK3, TSC1 and TSC2. (sfari.org)
Are graded potentials excitatory or inhibitory? (lukesepworth.com)
Are action potentials inibitory or excitatory? (lukesepworth.com)
Are action potentials always excitatory? (lukesepworth.com)

Using in utero CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and replacement with phosphomimetic mutants, we demonstrate that phosphorylation at this site determines excitatory versus inhibitory synapse localization of Neuroligin-3 in vivo. (mbexc.de)

The peripheral mechanism involves regional differences in the inhibitory and excitatory intramural nerves and intrinsic properties of the muscle. (nature.com)

Most synapses connect axons to dendrites, but there are also other types of connections, including axon-to-cell-body, axon-to-axon, and dendrite-to-dendrite. (wikipedia.org)
An autapse is a chemical (or electrical) synapse formed when the axon of one neuron synapses with its own dendrites. (wikipedia.org)

A circuit mechanism for independent modulation of excitatory and inhibitory firing rates after sensory deprivation. (mpg.de)

The team found that the excitatory and inhibitory synapses-which promote or diminish cell activity-surrounding the secretory cells and the cells' firing thresholds act as a neural network that determines how much calcium and pigment the mollusk secretes. (scienceblog.com)
A synapse is a special channel that transmits neural information quickly and accurately, and it controls all brain functions. (crunchtime-records.com)
These synapses cooperate with each other so that brain functions work normally and maintain the balance of the neural circuit network. (crunchtime-records.com)

Our data reveal a mechanism that differentially regulates the balance of Neuroligin-3 between excitatory and inhibitory synapses, adding to our emerging understanding of their role in the development of brain connectivity and associated pathologies. (mbexc.de)
Abnormal protein synthesis in synapses is a core mechanism underlying ASD. (kcl.ac.uk)
A joint research team of Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology professors Um Ji-won and Ko Jae-won of the Department of Brain Sciences reported a new genetic mutation related to intellectual disability and discovered an excitatory synaptic activation signaling mechanism related to the mutation. (crunchtime-records.com)

A typical neuron gives rise to several thousand synapses, although there are some types that make far fewer. (wikipedia.org)
New research from the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN) at King's College London has demonstrated that brain wiring requires the control of local protein synthesis at the level of specific synapse types. (kcl.ac.uk)
Using only enzymes, researchers were able to change synapses between inhibitory and excitatory types. (neurosciencenews.com)
What are the two major types of synapses? (flashcardmachine.com)

Using these mice, we found that, on average, the density of inhibitory synapses on individual arbors increased gradually until eye opening (postnatal day 15). (wustl.edu)

All compounds exhibited a good activity, and eight of them (5-8, 10, 14, 15 and 20) shared comparable low micromolar inhibitory potency versus Aβ40 aggregation and human acetylcholinesterase (AChE), while inhibiting human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) even at submicromolar concentration. (ibecbarcelona.eu)

In 2000 Henry went on sabbatical to Michael Merzenich lab at UCSF and proposed that perhaps the excitatory-inhibitory balance was affected. (wrongplanet.net)
The alteration or absence of these cells disrupts the balance between excitatory and inhibitory processes, leading to neurological disorders such as epilepsy. (lu.se)

We also verified that expression of YFP-NL2 in the transgenic line did not significantly alter spontaneous inhibitory synaptic transmission onto RGCs. (wustl.edu)

Without a qualifier, however, "synapse" commonly refers to chemical synapses. (wikipedia.org)

On the bases of the distribution of __________ expression alone, it seems likely that electrical synapses occur in every major region of the __________, although compelling functional and morphological data have been collected for only a few years. (flashcardmachine.com)

Like an electrical connection, synapses consist of pre- (power plug) and post-synaptic (socket) compartments. (kcl.ac.uk)

Synapses are generally too small to be recognizable using a light microscope except as points where the membranes of two cells appear to touch, but their cellular elements can be visualized clearly using an electron microscope. (wikipedia.org)
Electrical synapses are important where __________ activity among a group of cells are a major function. (flashcardmachine.com)

In terms of the sequence of events, synaptogenesis happens right after the production of astrocytes and the time window of synapse formation overlaps that of the astrocyte maturation [ 14 ]. (degruyter.com)

In this review we will highlight mechanisms that control targeting of PSD-95 at the synapse, and discuss how this molecule influences the retention and clustering of diverse synaptic proteins to regulate synaptic structure and strength. (frontiersin.org)
Controlling the synthesis of specific proteins, through chemical signalling, allows the brain to regulate the activities of individual synapses. (kcl.ac.uk)
may not be the only channel-forming proteins in the electrical synapses of the mammalian brain. (flashcardmachine.com)

The researchers also found three basic patterns of shell pigmentation determined by excitatory and inhibitory activity: stripes perpendicular to the growing edge, bands parallel to the growing edge, and more complex "traveling wave" patterns such as zigzags and chevrons. (scienceblog.com)
In particular, the research team found that some of the mutations inhibited the excitatory synaptic neuro-transmission process by disrupting the SlitTrack2 protein functions from being properly expressed in the cell membrane. (crunchtime-records.com)
Electrical synapses are found in __________ and __________ muscle. (flashcardmachine.com)

Preliminary data from IHC study suggested GBP may promotes inhibitory synapse formation rather than reduce excitatory synapse formation. (dtic.mil)
Among these, Slitrk2 protein is specifically involved in the formation of excitatory synapses, and is closely related to brain diseases such as X-linked intellectual disability, autism, intellectual disability, etc. (crunchtime-records.com)

The discovery is expected to present a new research direction to the treatment of brain developmental disorders by coordinating the excitatory synaptic signaling activity. (crunchtime-records.com)

The strength of individual synapses is modulated to compensate for changes in other synapses, on the same neuron, that would otherwise alter overall cellular activity. (frontiersin.org)

The electrical depolarization of the membrane at the synapse causes channels to open that are permeable to calcium ions. (wikipedia.org)
At the synapse, the membrane of the __________ element is slightly thickened, and there is often an accumulation of some electron dense material near the thickened membrane. (flashcardmachine.com)

Do reported variants in genes that regulate autophagy, or cellular self-ingestion, play a role in synapse elimination? (sfari.org)

Numerical data of inhibitory and excitatory synapses in conditional mutant mice for Nrg1 and Nrg3. (elifesciences.org)

In particular, the research team identified the Slitrk synaptic adhesive protein group as a key factor involved in the development of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. (crunchtime-records.com)

Several autism-risk genes affect the function of chemical synapses. (sfari.org)

What are the six steps that occur in chemical synapses? (flashcardmachine.com)

2009). These experimental results suggest that the macroscopic dynamics of excitatory networks can reveal unexpected behaviors. (scholarpedia.org)

Single-cell recordings provided the first strong evidence for mammalian electrical synapses in the __________ nucleus of cranial nerve __________, the __________ nucleus, and the __________ __________ nucleus. (flashcardmachine.com)

Astrogliosis, microglial reaction, and synapse preservation were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. (hindawi.com)

The adult human brain is estimated to contain from 1014 to 5 × 1014 (100-500 trillion) synapses. (wikipedia.org)
High-contrast en bloc staining of mouse whole-brain and human brain samples for EM-based connectomics. (mpg.de)
GluR1 funcitons as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system and is widely expressed in brain. (antibodiesinc.com)

Chemical synapses are not the only type of biological synapse: electrical and immunological synapses also exist. (wikipedia.org)
The __________ __________ is the morphological correlate of an electrical synapse. (flashcardmachine.com)
Electrical synapses were revealed in the vertebrate CNS of __________ fish soon after. (flashcardmachine.com)

Anatomy66

Organisms17

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs102

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes38

Disciplines and Occupations3

Information Science3

Health Care3

Neurons40

Postsynaptic12

Neuronal3

Pyramidal cells6

Interneurons2

Cortical areas2

Junctions1

Neurotransmitters3

GABA5

Glutamatergic synapses1

Receptors1

Inhibition3

GABAergic2

Type of synapse1

Circuits1

Hippocampus2

Chemical synapse2

Regulate synapse1

Cerebral cortex2

Presynaptic4

Potentials5

Mutants1

Intrinsic1

Axon2

Modulation1

Neural3

Mechanism3

Types4

Density1

Versus1

Balance2

Spontaneous1

Refers1

Functional1

Consist1

Cells2

Synaptogenesis1

Proteins3

Found3

Formation2

Developmental1

Activity1

Membrane2

Elimination1

Mice1

Protein1

Function1

Occur1

Reveal1

Evidence1

Reaction1

Brain3

Electrical3