Excitatory neurons excitatory inputs dendritic field excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Medical search. Frequent questions

Anti-GAD65 antibody (Ab) acts on the terminals of inhibitory neurons that suppress GABA release, whereas anti-VGCC, anti-mGluR1, and anti-GluR Abs impair LTD induction. (springer.com)
First, since chained inhibitory neurons shape the output signals through the mechanism of disinhibition/inhibition, impairments of GABA release and LTD distort the conversion process from the "internal model" to the output signals. (springer.com)
Since these mice had p35 deletion in all cells, it was impossible to separate and analyze its functions in excitatory and inhibitory neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, we created mice in which the p35 gene was deleted in hippocampal excitatory neurons (CaMKII-Cre p35cKO) or GABAergic inhibitory neurons (Dlx-Cre p35cKO). (biomedcentral.com)
Using behavioral and electrophysiological analyses, we investigate whether the p35/Cdk5 activity is involved in associative memory learning in excitatory or inhibitory neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
FHM1 has a differential effect on short-term depression (STD) at TC synapses: compared to wild type (WT) mice, STD is greater at synapses contacting layer IV (L4) excitatory neurons while it is unaltered at synapses contacting L4 inhibitory neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
As a result, during repetitive thalamic firing, the gain-of-function of TC excitatory inputs on inhibitory neurons becomes larger than that on excitatory neurons and the I/E balance is relatively skewed towards inhibition in FHM1 L4 excitatory neurons [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

As a result of local nonlinear dendritic processing, a train of output spikes are generated in the neuron axon, carrying information that is communicated, via synapses, to thousands of other (postsynaptic) neurons. (biorxiv.org)
Here, we studied the synaptic expression mechanisms for deprivation-induced weakening of L4-L2/3 inputs and assessed its similarity to LTD, which is known to be expressed presynaptically at L4-L2/3 synapses. (jneurosci.org)
Now we know horizontal cells to be true neurons that make true, if unique, synapses and exhibit most of the structural and ultrastructural characteristics of neurons. (org.es)
Using functional imaging and behavioral analysis, loss of Tao-induced ectopic synapses with inappropriate partner neurons were shown to be functional and altered behavioral responses in a connection-specific manner. (sdbonline.org)
Consequently, the intrinsic properties and pairwise interactions of their constituent neurons can be characterized, including analyses of their communication via gap junctions, action potential-gated synapses or graded synapses. (degruyter.com)
Table 10 represents the distribution of synapses over the dendritic arborization of retinal TrkB-MO and p75-MO on contralaterally projecting axons, knockdown of TrkB did not experience excess apoptotic pressure. (stpancraschurch.org)
The FHM1 mouse model is consequently characterized by increased neurotransmission at both intra-cortical [ 15 ] and thalamocortical (TC) excitatory synapses [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Dendritic coincidence detection is thought fundamental to neuronal processing, yet the basic dendritic voltage-calcium relationship remains unexplored in awake animals. (oist.jp)
When whiskers are deprived by trimming or plucking in adolescent rats [postnatal day 7 (P7) to P60], L2/3 neurons in deprived barrel columns lose responsiveness to their deprived principal whisker, whereas L4 neuronal responses are unaffected. (jneurosci.org)
Changes in the placement of cells within the network due to delays in neuronal migration, the absence of a full formation of dendritic arbors and spine upon which synaptic contacts are made, and the lagging of transmission of electrical impulses due to insufficient myelination will individually and cumulatively impair synaptic function. (aopwiki.org)
Since synaptogenesis follows the early neurodevelopmental processes such as neuronal and glial cells proliferation, migration, alterations in dendritic arborisation etc., therefore, it encompasses, possible changes in these early stages of brain development that could also be triggered under hypothyroidism, leading to defective synaptogenesis and resulting in abnormal function of neuronal network function. (aopwiki.org)
We also now know that the central nervous system can adapt its structure and function according to changes in inputs (neuroplasticity) and is not, as originally believed, hard-wired with fixed neuronal circuits. (aahclinic.com)
His Inhibitory postsynaptic potential research incorporates themes from Stimulation, Hebbian theory, Premovement neuronal activity and Electroencephalography. (research.com)
Cell assemblies and central pattern generators (CPGs) are related types of neuronal networks: both consist of interacting groups of neurons whose collective activities lead to defined functional outputs. (degruyter.com)
Neuronal connections are made with exquisite accuracy between specific types of neurons. (stanford.edu)
The expression and translocation of cyclinD1-CDK4 in post-mitotic neurons indicate that they may have supplementary functions in differentiated neurons that might be associated with neuronal plasticity. (biomedcentral.com)
The present results suggest that the expression of cell cycle-related markers may have supplementary functions in differentiated neurons that might be associated with neuronal plasticity. (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, we initiated to investigate the potential functions of cyclinD1-CDK4 in neuronal plasticity during the postnatal development in mice hippocampus area CA1. (biomedcentral.com)
Importantly, activity recordings at the level of single neurons, neuronal networks or even entire brain regions consistently show hyperexcitability in the early stages of AD (summarized in Table 1 ). (nature.com)
This evidence comes from laboratory models of AD, as well as living patients, showcasing the potential of neuronal excitability changes as a biomarker for early detection of AD. (nature.com)
We investigated the effects of the cholinergic agonist carbachol (CCh) and various agonists and antagonists on neuronal activity in rat neocortical slices using intracellular (sharp microelectrode) and field potential recordings. (biomedcentral.com)
FHM1 mutations result in gain-of-function of recombinant human Ca V 2.1 channels and native neuronal Ca V 2.1 channels in FHM1 knock-in mice, causing the enhancement of action potential evoked Ca 2+ influx [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Information transmission in neural networks is often described in terms of the rate at which neurons emit action potentials. (frontiersin.org)
This depolarization was thought of as excitation, and if the excitation was large enough, action potentials, or nerve spikes, were generated to transfer signals down the length of the nerve-cell axon. (org.es)
S-potentials, however, were not depolarized by light, but rather hyperpolarized, and did not fire action potentials, even with the brightest light stimuli. (org.es)
Golding NL, Spruston N (1998) Dendritic sodium spikes are variable triggers of axonal action potentials in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)

Sensory stimulation evokes subthreshold excitatory and inhibitory post-synaptic potentials, that coincide with suprathreshold dendritic spikes triggered by climbing fiber and parallel fiber synaptic input. (oist.jp)
Neurons are typically assumed to encode values-such as the orientation of a bar-using their mean firing rate, with individual spikes emitted using a Poisson process ( Dean, 1981 ). (frontiersin.org)
Golding NL, Staff NP, Spruston N (2002) Dendritic spikes as a mechanism for cooperative long-term potentiation. (yale.edu)
Schiller J, Major G, Koester HJ, Schiller Y (2000) NMDA spikes in basal dendrites of cortical pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)

These computations are performed by distinct types of neurons interconnected in circuits dedicated to the specialized roles of the auditory system. (stanford.edu)

The weight matrices of the DNN provide new insights into the I/O function of cortical pyramidal neurons, and the approach presented can provide a systematic characterization of the functional complexity of different neuron types. (biorxiv.org)
and the large and prolonged Ca 2 + spike at the apical dendrite of L5 cortical pyramidal neurons ( M E Larkum, Zhu, and Sakmann 1999 ). (biorxiv.org)

found that a subset of neurons called inhibitory projection neurons processes information about whether the odor is attractive or repulsive, and that a second subset of these neurons process information about the intensity of the odor. (elifesciences.org)
By using a combination of optogenetics, in vivo electrophysiology, and machine learning analysis, we find that a subset of neurons in the ACC receives S1 inputs, and activation of the S1 axon terminals increases the response to noxious stimuli in ACC neurons. (iasp-pain.org)

In forming a distal, lateral synaptic network, horizontal cells enrich not only their own physiology but that of presynaptic and postsynaptic partners. (org.es)
Both BDNF and TrkB are present in presynaptic axon terminals and postsynaptic dendritic compartments of neurons, and they are capable of bidirectional release and activity [for review, see Tyler et al. (hyperthermicwellness.com)
These forms of plasticity are due to increases in presynaptic neurotransmitter release, and can be engaged when dentate GCs fire in bursts (e.g., during exploratory behaviors) and bring CA3 pyramidal neurons above threshold. (eneuro.org)

However, the basic function of the perceptron, a linear summation of its inputs and thresholding for output generation, highly oversimplifies the synaptic integration processes taking place in real neurons. (biorxiv.org)

Neurons in higher processing areas of the brain (e.g., in primary visual cortex) have been shown to demonstrate variable spike timing in response to repetitions of identical stimuli ( Hubel and Wiesel, 1962 ). (frontiersin.org)
For long stimuli, the S-potential only changes in duration but the amplitude remains constant (2 leftmost responses in Fig. 1B). (org.es)

His work focuses on many connections between Backpropagation and other disciplines, such as Biological neural network, that overlap with his field of interest in Contrast, Pyramidal Neuron, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential and Stimulus. (research.com)
The first intracellular, light-evoked responses recorded in the vertebrate retina were slow, negative going changes in membrane potential that lasted for as long as the light stimulus was present (Fig. 1). (org.es)
As shown in figure 1, S-potentials are membrane hyperpolarizations that last for as long as the light stimulus is present. (org.es)
The brighter the stimulus, the larger the amplitude of the S-potential until a saturation level is reached. (org.es)
In figure 1B, the duration of a light stimulus of fixed intensity is altered in order to examine the temporal properties of S-potentials. (org.es)
In S-potentials this 'critical duration' varies considerably with stimulus conditions (2). (org.es)
Animals with pain after chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-Pain) displayed higher spontaneous and evoked activity in PB neurons, and a dramatic increase in after-discharges-responses that far outlast the stimulus-compared to controls. (iasp-pain.org)
Hyperexcitability can be defined as the increased likelihood that a neuron will be activated by a certain stimulus. (nature.com)
We demonstrate that, in a large modular circuit of spiking neurons comprising multiple sub-networks, topographic projections are not only necessary for accurate propagation of stimulus representations, but can also help the system reduce sensory and intrinsic noise. (bernstein-network.de)

We trained deep neural networks (DNNs) to mimic the I/O behavior of a detailed nonlinear model of a layer 5 cortical pyramidal cell, receiving rich spatio-temporal patterns of input synapse activations. (biorxiv.org)
A central unanswered question is whether map plasticity involves activity-dependent changes in synapse strength, including long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). We address this question by studying the loss of cortical responsiveness to deprived sensory inputs. (jneurosci.org)
The ability of a neuron to communicate is based on neural network formation that relies on functional synapse establishment (Colón-Ramos, 2009). (aopwiki.org)
The connectivity of axons emanating from one set of cells to post-synaptic side of synapse on the dendrites of the receiving cells must be intact for effective communication between neurons. (aopwiki.org)
Another possibility, not mutually exclusive to the previous one, is that CC projections selectively synapse onto looped neurons directly to form interareal monosynaptic loops, which would be excitatory since most long-range cortical afferents are glutamatergic. (elifesciences.org)
While this compensatory plasticity in the auditory system relies on robust dendritic sprouting and novel synapse formation, the compensatory plasticity in the cercal escape circuitry shows little obvious dendritic sprouting and instead may rely on shifts in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strength. (biomedcentral.com)
The adult cricket auditory system is capable of compensating for the unilateral loss of an ear with robust dendritic sprouting of deafferented dendrites followed by de novo synapse formation with the contralateral afferents [ 3 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
His Postsynaptic potential research is multidisciplinary, incorporating perspectives in Synaptic plasticity, Synapse, Neurotransmission and Biological neural network. (research.com)
In the hippocampus, the excitatory synapse between dentate granule cell (GC) axons, or mossy fibers (MFs), and CA3 pyramidal cells (MF-CA3) expresses robust forms of short-term plasticity, such as frequency facilitation and post-tetanic potentiation (PTP). (eneuro.org)

Spectral analysis of the local field potentials revealed an increase in the β/low γ range of WT mice following the abrupt reversal of contrast gratings. (biomedcentral.com)

See MIT example Some have speculated that, having extracted the hypothesized motion signals (first- or second-order) from the retinal image, the visual system must integrate those individual local motion signals at various parts of the visual field into a 2-dimensional or global representation of moving objects and surfaces. (wikipedia.org)
Horizontal cell actions are in turn tuned by neuromodulators released by other retinal neurons. (org.es)
Since being first described in fish retinas, S-potentials have been recorded from retinal horizontal cells in all vertebrate classes. (org.es)
The third step is for neurons to form synaptic connections with other retinal neurons. (org.es)

Here, using physiologically relevant patterns of MF stimulation in acute mouse hippocampal slices, we found that disrupting postsynaptic Ca 2+ dynamics increases MF-PTP, strongly suggesting a form of Ca 2+ -dependent retrograde suppression of this form of plasticity. (eneuro.org)

We also review current models for the mechanisms of GABA-mediated synchronization of neural activity, focusing on parvalbumin-positive GABA neurons, which are altered in schizophrenia and whose function has been strongly linked to the production of neural synchrony. (hindawi.com)
These CeA GABA neurons express dynorphin, somatostatin and/or corticotropin releasing hormone. (iasp-pain.org)
CCh also decreased the paired-pulse inhibition of field potentials and the inhibitory conductances mediated by GABA A and GABA B receptors. (biomedcentral.com)

Neuromorphic sensory-processing systems provide an ideal context for exploring the potential advantages of temporal coding, as they are able to efficiently extract the information required to cluster or classify spatio-temporal activity patterns from relative spike timing. (frontiersin.org)
This illustrates the temporal summation of the S-potential, following Bloch's law. (org.es)
Dendritic Discrimination of Temporal Input Sequences (Branco et al. (yale.edu)
Branco T, Clark BA, Häusser M (2010) Dendritic discrimination of temporal input sequences in cortical neurons. (yale.edu)
FHM1 mice displayed similar amplitude but slower temporal evolution of visual evoked potentials. (biomedcentral.com)

Here, using simultaneous voltage and calcium two-photon imaging of Purkinje neuron spiny dendrites, we show how coincident sub- and suprathreshold synaptic inputs modulate dendritic calcium signaling during sensory stimulation in awake mice. (oist.jp)
We applied it with a new surgery, leaving the dura intact but allowing injection of large quantities of staining solution, and imaged cortical membrane potential oscillations with two-photon microscopy depth-resolved (25 to 100 µm below dura) in anesthetized and awake mice. (oist.jp)
Here, we present our analysis of p35 conditional KO mice (p35cKO) in hippocampal pyramidal neurons or forebrain GABAergic neurons using electrophysiological and behavioral methods. (biomedcentral.com)
CreER-p35cKO mice show reduced dendritic spine density in CA1 pyramidal neurons and impaired LTD induction in the hippocampus with impairment in spatial learning and memory and reduced anxiety-like behavior [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
RNA sequencing of VGLUT+ DA neurons in mice and flies identified candidate genes that we functionally screened to further dissect VGLUT-mediated DA neuron resilience across PD models. (umassmed.edu)
Here we demonstrate that similar activity amplification occurs in mice, and that this is related to suppressed inhibition to PB neurons from the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) in animals of either sex. (iasp-pain.org)
We show that-in both rats and mice-PB contains few GABAergic neurons, and that most of its GABAergic inputs arise from CeA. (iasp-pain.org)
We recorded extracellular field potentials from the primary visual cortex (V1) of head-fixed awake FHM1 knock-in ( n = 12) and wild type ( n = 12) mice in response to square-wave gratings with different visual contrasts. (biomedcentral.com)

One possibility is that CC inputs specifically modulate neurons projecting back to the source of those inputs (looped neurons) indirectly via intermediary inhibitory or excitatory cells in the local circuit. (elifesciences.org)

Bloodgood BL, Sabatini BL (2007) Nonlinear regulation of unitary synaptic signals by CaV(2.3) voltage-sensitive calcium channels located in dendritic spines. (yale.edu)

Whisker deprivation weakens excitatory layer 4 (L4) inputs to L2/3 pyramidal cells in rat primary somatosensory (S1) cortex, which is likely to contribute to whisker map plasticity. (jneurosci.org)
The central nervous system of the Mediterranean field cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus , shows an unusual capacity for compensatory plasticity, most obviously in the auditory system and the cercal escape system. (biomedcentral.com)
These results indicated that Cdk5/p35 in excitatory neurons is important for the hippocampal synaptic plasticity and associative memory retention. (biomedcentral.com)
Gordon U, Polsky A, Schiller J (2006) Plasticity compartments in basal dendrites of neocortical pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)
Losonczy A, Makara JK, Magee JC (2008) Compartmentalized dendritic plasticity and input feature storage in neurons. (yale.edu)
Binding of filamentous actin to CaMKII as potential regulation mechanism of bidirectional synaptic plasticity by β CaMKII in cerebellar Purkinje cells. (sisne.org)

In CN slices from these animals auditory nerve fiber stimulation elicited a glutamate receptor-dependent depolarization in hVOS probe-labeled neurons. (stanford.edu)
Intraepidermal electrical stimulation (IES) using a small concentric bipolar needle electrode that injects a current of a few mA to generate a focal electric field around the electrodes can selectively stimulate small fibers ( Inui and Kakigi, 2012 ). (frontiersin.org)
The review focuses on discussing the neuroplastic mechanisms of those brain stimulation techniques in stroke rehabilitation, also including some new options for neuromodulation which have great potential in stroke rehabilitation, such as optogenetic stimulation and environmental stimulation. (bnmjournal.com)

Our results reveal that CC connections are selectively wired to form monosynaptic excitatory loops and support a differential role of supragranular and infragranular neurons in hierarchical recurrent computations. (elifesciences.org)

L100P mutant slices exhibit decreased excitatory synaptic transmission (sEPSCs and mEPSCs) in dentate gyrus (DG) and impaired long-term potentiation in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)
259 )]. Typical of the neurotrophic factors, BDNF stimulates the development and differentiation of new neurons ( 3 , 131 ) and promotes long-term potentiation (LTP) ( 139 , 140 , 205 ), and neuron survival ( 97 , 105 , 116 ). (hyperthermicwellness.com)

Additionally, we reproduced in silico the obtained experimental results with a novel spiking neurons network model of mouse V1, by implementing in the model both the synaptic alterations characterizing the FHM1 genetic mouse model adopted. (biomedcentral.com)

Matsuzaki M, Ellis-Davies GC, Nemoto T, Miyashita Y, Iino M, Kasai H (2001) Dendritic spine geometry is critical for AMPA receptor expression in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)

A major challenge in neuroscience has been to elucidate the mechanisms that integrate spatially distributed processing and signal the relatedness of neurons coding different features of the same object ( Singer, 1999 ). (jneurosci.org)
His studies in Neuroscience integrate themes in fields like Postsynaptic potential and Hebbian theory. (research.com)

The introduction of voltage imaging to the CN creates the opportunity to investigate auditory processing circuitry in populations of neurons targeted on the basis of their genetic identity and their roles in sensory processing.Significance StatementThe cochlear nucleus uses dedicated circuitry to process and interpret information from the ear. (stanford.edu)
A leading theory holds that neurodevelopmental brain disorders arise from imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) brain circuitry. (biorxiv.org)

Purkinje neuron dendrites integrate these inputs in a time-dependent and non-linear fashion to enhance the sensory evoked dendritic calcium signal. (oist.jp)
With the recent development of sophisticated genetical, optical and electrical techniques it has become clear that many key neuron types (e.g., cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons, cerebellar Purkinje cells) are highly complicated I/O information processing devices. (biorxiv.org)

Next, we measured spontaneous synaptic excitation and inhibition onto CA1 pyramidal neurons. (bvsalud.org)
At night, CA1 pyramidal neurons showed enhanced excitability (action potential firing and/or baseline potential) that was dependent on synaptic excitation and inhibition, regardless of sex. (bvsalud.org)
We describe a novel pathway, consisting of inhibition by dynorphin, somatostatin and corticotropin-releasing hormone expressing neurons in the central nucleus of the amygdala that project to the parabrachial nucleus (PB). (iasp-pain.org)
These data indicate that the three effects are mediated by different mAChRs, the increase in firing being mediated by M 1 mAChR, decrease of inhibition by M 2 mAChR and depression of excitatory transmission by M 4 mAChR. (biomedcentral.com)

Feldmeyer D, Lübke J, Silver RA, Sakmann B (2002) Synaptic connections between layer 4 spiny neurone-layer 2/3 pyramidal cell pairs in juvenile rat barrel cortex: physiology and anatomy of interlaminar signalling within a cortical column. (yale.edu)

We characterized an olfactory-processing pathway, comprised of inhibitory projection neurons (iPNs) that target the LH exclusively, at morphological, functional and behavioral levels. (elifesciences.org)
Moreover, functional imaging disclosed a LH region tuned to repulsive odors comprised exclusively of third-order neurons. (elifesciences.org)
Glutamate and functional connectivity - support for the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance hypothesis in autism spectrum disorders. (muirmaxwellcentre.com)

We discovered DA neuron dVGLUT knockdown increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in a sexually dimorphic manner in response to depolarization or paraquat-induced stress, males being especially affected. (umassmed.edu)
DA neuron dVGLUT also reduced ATP biosynthetic burden during depolarization. (umassmed.edu)

This establishes how dendrites use multiple interplaying mechanisms to perform coincidence detection, as a fundamental and ongoing feature of dendritic integration during behavior. (oist.jp)

Intrinsic supra-linear dendritic mechanisms, including voltage gated calcium channels and metabotropic glutamate receptors, are recruited cooperatively to expand the dynamic range of sensory evoked dendritic calcium signals. (oist.jp)
Imaging with a voltage sensitive dye provided a contrasting global view of signals arising predominantly from unmyelinated axons creating a potential method for studying type II auditory nerve or DCN parallel fibers. (stanford.edu)

PB neurons in CCI-Pain animals showed a reduction in inhibitory, GABAergic inputs. (iasp-pain.org)

In contrast, deprivation did not alter either miniature EPSC amplitude in L2/3 neurons or the amplitude of quantal L4-L2/3 synaptic responses measured in strontium, indicating that postsynaptic responsiveness was unchanged. (jneurosci.org)

By targeting a genetically-encoded hybrid voltage sensor (hVOS) to identify neurons activated during the presentation of sound, the properties and function of these neurons become accessible to study in slices of mouse ventral cochlear nucleus. (stanford.edu)

Even in the adult mouse hippocampus, cyclinD1-CDK4 were found in terminally differentiated pyramidal and granule neurons, and also were found in dendrites and mossy fibers[ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This complexity primarily arises from local NMDA-based nonlinear dendritic conductances. (biorxiv.org)

Andrasfalvy BK, Magee JC (2001) Distance-dependent increase in AMPA receptor number in the dendrites of adult hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)
In most cases, stronger connections in looped L5 neurons were located on their apical tufts, but not on their perisomatic dendrites. (elifesciences.org)
neither does it changes dendrites morphology of primary cultured hippocampal neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
Larkum ME, Nevian T, Sandler M, Polsky A, Schiller J (2009) Synaptic integration in tuft dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons: a new unifying principle. (yale.edu)
Synaptic integration in tuft dendrites of layer 5 pyramidal neurons (Larkum et al. (yale.edu)
Losonczy A, Magee JC (2006) Integrative properties of radial oblique dendrites in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)
Major G, Polsky A, Denk W, Schiller J, Tank DW (2008) Spatiotemporally graded NMDA spike/plateau potentials in basal dendrites of neocortical pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)

These findings identify layer 1 as an important coordination hub for the dynamic binding process of neurons mediated by oscillations. (oist.jp)
Here, we cover fundamental findings that implicate CCK neuron activity and CCK receptor signaling in modulating drug intake and drug-seeking (focusing on psychostimulants, opioids, and alcohol). (stanford.edu)

We know that behaviour is influenced by underlying neural patterns that in turn are dependent upon connections between neurons. (aahclinic.com)
The establishment of neural circuits depends on the ability of axonal growth cones to sense their surrounding environment en route to their target. (biologists.com)
Poirazi P, Brannon T, Mel BW (2003) Pyramidal neuron as two-layer neural network. (yale.edu)
The recent observation of neural power-law scaling relations has made a significant impact in the field of deep learning. (uni-frankfurt.de)

One prominent circuit-level hypothesis for brain disorders has been the idea of an imbalance in excitatory and inhibitory signaling. (biorxiv.org)

The Canadian psychologist Donald Hebb (1949 ) is credited with inventing the concept, which was based on appealing - but speculative - ideas of how excitatory neurons ought to be synaptically interconnected, ought to have their interconnections modified, and ought to function together. (degruyter.com)

To prevail in a dynamic and noisy environment, the brain must create reliable and meaningful representations from sensory inputs that are often ambiguous or corrupt. (bernstein-network.de)

Using subcellular channelrhodopsin-2-assisted circuit mapping in mouse visual cortex, we compared feedforward (FF) or feedback (FB) cortico-cortical (CC) synaptic input to cells projecting back to the input source (looped neurons) with cells projecting to a different cortical or subcortical area. (elifesciences.org)
Chronic pain enhances this cortico-cortical connection, as manifested by an increased number of ACC neurons that respond to S1 inputs and the magnified contribution of these neurons to the nociceptive response in the ACC. (iasp-pain.org)

Thus, long-range CC projections could selectively participate in excitatory monosynaptic loops by preferentially contacting looped IT neurons, while avoiding neighboring non-looped IT, PT, and CT neurons. (elifesciences.org)
However, it remains unknown whether CC inputs selectively contact looped neurons over closely intermingled IT neurons projecting elsewhere (non-looped IT neurons), or whether they innervate IT neurons equally regardless of their projection pattern. (elifesciences.org)

Using laminar current-source density (CSD) analysis, we found layer-specific changes of the spatiotemporal synaptic patterns with increased cross-columnar integration and simultaneous weakening of early local sensory input processing within infragranular layers Vb. (nature.com)

Dayan and Abbott, 2001 ), continues to be used in the field of machine learning. (frontiersin.org)

However, later intracellular marking techniques, in which dyes were injected from the electrode tips into the cytoplasm of the recorded neuron, revealed that horizontal cells, second order neurons postsynaptic to cones, were the source of the S-potentials (3, 4). (org.es)

The mammalian vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT2 and Drosophila ortholog dVGLUT have been implicated as modulators of DA neuron resilience. (umassmed.edu)
Our data show that the local direction-selective T4/T5 neurons in Drosophila form a population code that is matched to represent optic flow fields generated during translational and rotational self-motion of the fly. (bernstein-network.de)

At that time, neurons were thought only to be depolarized by synaptic inputs (inside becoming more positive relative to outside), thus having their inside-negative resting membrane potentials become reduced. (org.es)

The ganglion cells are the first to emerge as recognizable neurons with axons passing to the optic nerve and central brain structures (Fig. 1a and b). (org.es)

FF and FB afferents showed similar cell-type selectivity, making stronger connections with looped neurons than with other projection types in layer (L)5 and L6, but not in L2/3, resulting in selective modulation of activity in looped neurons. (elifesciences.org)
Yet, whether the selectivity of CC input between two areas is similar for both ascending and descending projections or whether it varies also remains unknown. (elifesciences.org)

Anatomy83

Organisms21

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs92

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations4

Information Science2

Health Care2

Inhibitory neurons7

Synapses7

Neuronal15

Action potentials4

Spikes4

Types of neurons1

Cortical pyramidal neurons2

Subset of neurons2

Presynaptic3

Real neurons1

Stimuli2

Stimulus9

Synapse9

Local field pote1

Retinal4

Hippocampal slices1

GABA3

Temporal5

Mice8

Modulate1

Spines1

Plasticity6

Stimulation3

Computations1

Long-term potenti2

Alterations1

Spine1

Neuroscience2

Circuitry2

Purkinje2

Inhibition4

20021

Functional3

Depolarization2

Interplaying mechanisms1

Signals2

GABAergic1

Amplitude1

Slices1

Granule1

Conductances1

Dendrites7

Findings2

Neural4

Imbalance1

Synaptically1

Sensory inputs1

Cortico-cortical2

Selectively2

Infragranular1

20011

Cytoplasm1

Drosophila2

Membrane1

Axons1

Selectivity2