Three laboratory tests-serum osmolality, urine osmolality, and urinary sodium concentration-are essential in the evaluation of patients with hyponatremia. (medscape.com)
There are three essential laboratory tests in the evaluation of patients with hyponatremia that, together with the history and the physical examination, help to establish the primary underlying etiologic mechanism: urine osmolality, serum osmolality, and urinary sodium concentration. (medscape.com)
When treating patients with overtly symptomatic hyponatremia (eg, seizures, severe neurologic deficits), hypertonic (3%) saline should be used. (medscape.com)
Conivaptan, a V1A and V2 vasopressin receptor antagonist, is available only for intravenous use and is approved for use in the hospital setting for euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. (medscape.com)
Fluid4
Treat patients who are hypervolemic with salt and fluid restriction, plus loop diuretics, and correction of the underlying condition. (medscape.com)
Adequate fluid therapy in the acute brain injured (ABI) patient is essential for maintaining an adequate brain and systemic physiology and preventing intra- and extracranial complications. (bvsalud.org)
This is an updated expert opinion aiming to provide a practical overview on fluid therapy in the ABI patient, partly based on more recent work and stressing the fact that intravenous fluids should be regarded as drugs, with their inherent potential for both benefit and (unintended) harm. (bvsalud.org)
These patients differ from those with the other types of osmoregulatory defect in that they are able to maximally suppress plasma AVP and dilute their urine if their fluid intake is high enough to reduce their plasma osmolarity/sodium to the new set point. (medicaltalk.net)
Acute2
It is very important to quickly identify and manage patients presenting with a high probability of acute stroke even though many other pathological conditions can present with the same clinical onset. (panafrican-med-journal.com)
The eutopic forms occur most often in patients with acute infections or strokes but have also been associated with many other neurologic diseases and injuries. (medicaltalk.net)
Intake2
In SIADH and salt-wasting syndrome the urine sodium is greater than 20-40 mEq/L. In hypovolemia, the urine sodium typically measures less than 20 mEq/L. However, if sodium intake in a patient with SIADH or salt-wasting happens to be low, then urine sodium may fall below 20 mEq/L. (medscape.com)
In some patients, excessive intake results from inappropriate thirst. (medicaltalk.net)
Sodium1
Patients with hypovolemia secondary to diuretics may also need potassium repletion, which, like sodium, is osmotically active. (medscape.com)
Volume1
Administer isotonic saline to patients who are hypovolemic to replace the contracted intravascular volume. (medscape.com)
Findings1
The findings guide the selection of SGLT-2 inhibitors for patients with T2DM based on the patient's profiles to maximize safety. (bvsalud.org)
Encephalopathy1
The use of IV HTS as the definitive treatment for acute hyponatremic encephalopathy is well validated, with the IV HTS bolus able to increase serum sodium levels 2-5 mmol/L, which decreases intracranial pressure and reduces symptoms. (medscape.com)
Serum sodium6
In patients with healthy renal function and mild to moderate symptoms, the serum sodium level may correct spontaneously without further intervention. (medscape.com)
Patients with seizures, severe confusion, coma, or signs of brainstem herniation should receive hypertonic (3%) saline to rapidly correct the serum sodium level toward normal, but only enough to arrest the progression of symptoms. (medscape.com)
Reduced mortality was more evident in older patients and in patients with lower serum sodium levels at enrollment. (medscape.com)
It has not been established that raising serum sodium with VAPRISOL provides a symptomatic benefit to patients ( 1 ). (nih.gov)
Monitor volume status and serum sodium frequently and discontinue if patient develops hypovolemia, hypotension or undesirable rapid rate of increase in serum sodium ( 2.1 , 5.2 ). (nih.gov)
Tolvaptan tablets should be initiated and re-initiated in patients only in a hospital where serum sodium can be monitored closely. (nih.gov)
SIADH2
Loop diuretics are useful in managing edematous hyponatremic states and chronic SIADH. (nih.gov)
In SIADH and salt-wasting syndrome the urine sodium is greater than 20-40 mEq/L. In hypovolemia, the urine sodium typically measures less than 20 mEq/L. However, if sodium intake in a patient with SIADH or salt-wasting happens to be low, then urine sodium may fall below 20 mEq/L. (medscape.com)
Seizures3
HIV-positive patients with tuberculoma are more likely to experience seizures than HIV-negative patients. (medscape.com)
[ 87 ] Patients with seizures have a worse prognosis. (medscape.com)
Administer standard prehospital anticonvulsant therapy to patients experiencing seizures. (medscape.com)
Cerebral1
The treatment regimen for patients with cerebral tuberculoma is generally identical to that used in TBM. (medscape.com)
Saline1
Patients receiving TVP belonged to group A, whereas group B was characterized by hyponatremic patients treated with hypertonic saline solutions and fluid restriction. (giornaleitalianodinefrologia.it)
Hemodialysis2
Blood pressure variability (BPV) can detect fluctuations in blood pressure sooner and more accurately and be useful for the assessment of fluid volume in hemodialysis patient. (bvsalud.org)
In patients with end-stage renal disease who are receiving hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, evidence suggests that the risk of death rises with incrementally lower sodium levels. (medscape.com)
Severe2
Hepatic impairment: Decrease the dose in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment ( 8.6 , 12.3 ). (nih.gov)
In susceptible patients, including those with severe malnutrition, alcoholism or advanced liver disease, slower rates of correction may be advisable. (nih.gov)
Liver1
CPM is a common and often fatal complication of orthotopic liver transplantation, affecting up to 10% of patients who are hyponatremic prior to transplant. (medscape.com)
Fluid status1
Blood pressure is the traditional indicator of fluid status in these patients. (bvsalud.org)
Treatment1
Currently, a randomized trial is being conducted in Vietnam comparing a standard antitubercular treatment regimen with intensified treatment, in which patients receive a high dose of rifampicin (15 mg/kg/day) and additional levofloxacin (20 mg/kg). (medscape.com)
Electrolyte2
Electrolyte and acid-base disorders are frequently encountered in patients with malignancy, either due to cancer itself or as a complication of its therapy. (bvsalud.org)
However, spurious electrolyte disorders can complicate the interpretation and management of these patients. (bvsalud.org)
Intravenous2
Establish reliable intravenous access and give supplemental oxygen to patients with lethargy or obtundation. (medscape.com)
Administer intravenous glucose to hypoglycemic patients. (medscape.com)
Urinary sodium1
The urinary sodium concentration helps in diagnosing patients with low plasma osmolality. (nih.gov)
Sudden1
These patients lack any history of sudden free water loading. (medscape.com)
Lung1
This literature review analyzes current literature on the use of lung ultrasound in determining fluid overload in patients on dialysis, including its applicability to routine nursing practice. (bvsalud.org)
EDUCATION1
Patients to be treated with a fluid restriction often require education regarding the free-water content of foods and an explanation of the need to limit the intake of liquids to a predetermined level. (medscape.com)
Increase1
In group B, the target levels were obtained more slowly, after 5.2±3.1 days (p: 0.01) than in group A. The hospital stay and incidence of re-hospitalization were higher in group B than in group A. In this latter, 37% of patients had hyponatremic relapses, notwithstanding the progressive increase of doses from 7.5 to 60 mg per day of TVP, revealing a complete lack of response to TVP. (giornaleitalianodinefrologia.it)
Result1
[ 58 ] Improving the early sterilizing power of current therapy may result in improved outcome of all TBM patients. (medscape.com)
Cancer1
Correctly interpreting these artifactual laboratory abnormalities is imperative for avoiding unnecessary and potentially harmful interventions in cancer patients. (bvsalud.org)
Studies1
However, there are limited relevant studies involving patients on CAPD. (bvsalud.org)
Initial1
In the non-hypotensive and non-dehydrated patient, a critical initial step is fluid restriction. (medscape.com)
Study1
This retrospective study included 175 patients on CAPD who underwent regular assessment of the peritoneal dialysis adequacy at 2-3-month intervals at our center from January 2018 to December 2020. (bvsalud.org)
Common1
Fluid overload is a common complication in patients who are on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). (bvsalud.org)
Rapid1
In these patients, evaluate the possibility of hypoglycemia with a rapid glucose check. (medscape.com)