• Cyanobacteria (blue green algae) and eukaryotic micro algae were capable of biotransforming naphthalene to more water soluble phenol, 1-naphthol [ 1 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • The eukaryotic cell occurs in protest fungi, plants, and animals and prokaryotic cells occur in most of the bacteria and blue-green algae. (vedantu.com)
  • As in Part 1/1 (Blue-green Algae, Myxomycetes and (Bryophytes and seedless Vascular Plants) the authors followedthe tradition of A. Engler with morphological-anatomical data, but are now incorporating the results from molecular phylogenies. (koeltz.com)
  • Examples: PPLO, bacteria, and blue-green algae. (microbenotes.com)
  • Bacteria and blue-green algae are prokaryotic cells. (studyrankers.com)
  • We conclude that light and ABA signal competitively in order for algae to position themselves in the water column to minimise photo-oxidative stress and optimise photosynthetic efficiency. (nature.com)
  • Photosynthetic green algae evolved 1 to 1.5 billion years ago when a eukaryotic heterotroph encapsulated a cyanobacterium which ultimately formed a plastid 1 . (nature.com)
  • Thus, properly defining a role for ABA in a photosynthetic progenitor of land plants where water stress is not normally an issue, the green algae may give valuable insight into its other roles. (nature.com)
  • Reasoning that high-light-induced photo-oxidation likely poses the main threat to photosynthetic algae, here the initial investigation focused on the effect of ABA on the photosynthetic efficiency of C. reinhardtii by measuring the ability of treated algae to deplete their growing media of dissolved HCO 3 − under different light levels. (nature.com)
  • Possible effect of magnetically induced water structures on photosynthetic electron transport chains of a green alga Chlorella vulgaris. (bio.net)
  • The key characteristics of members in plant kingdom are they are eukaryotic, photosynthetic (capable of producing their own food through sunlight), multicellular organisms with predominantly cellulose-based cell walls. (definitions.net)
  • But, he said, the discovery indicated that complex eukaryotic photosynthetic life forms evolved earlier in the record than thought. (abc.net.au)
  • A Guide to Algae in Drinking Water: How to Get Rid of Algae in Drinking Water + How to Prevent Green Algae Bacteria in Filtered Water Pitchers The term algae encompasses a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. (premieresales.com)
  • Both charophytes and chlorophytes are greenish in colour, photosynthetic, and eukaryotic. (biologyonline.com)
  • The green algae are presumed to have originated from the endosymbiosis between a eukaryote and a photosynthetic prokaryote. (biologyonline.com)
  • Green algae, including the charophytes, are important source of photosynthetic products (organic material). (biologyonline.com)
  • In this context, it is worth noting that the production of recombinant proteins by photosynthetic organisms offer both eukaryotic (nuclear) and prokaryotic (chloroplast) alternatives, along with the advantage of an autotrophic nutrition. (springer.com)
  • Therefore, the aim of this study was to define a specific role for ABA in the motile green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , providing evidence that this phytohormone mediates the light-dependent diurnal rhythm of up and down gravitaxis of the algae in the water column. (nature.com)
  • Synthesis of lurlene, the sex pheromone of the green flagellate Chlamydomonas allensworthii. (bio.net)
  • 2017) claim that the green alga, Chlamydomonas eustigma , recently adapted to an acidic environment by taking up genes from bacteria or other eukaryotes. (blogspot.com)
  • Several aspects of the photoresponse have previously been analyzed in volvocine algae, particularly in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • understanding population genetic structure, dispersal, and differentiation in a dinoflagellate species complex that has recently diverged into multiple species/ecotypes, a freshwater invasive nuisance species Gonyostomum semen , and in the green alga Chlamydomonas present in lakes. (lu.se)
  • Non-autonomous Helitron2 elements ( CRe - 1 , 2 , 3 ) in the genome of green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are flanked by target site duplications (TSDs) of variable length (approximately 7 to 19 bp). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Also, unicellular green algae, in particular Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , have been proposed as candidate organisms for the production of recombinant proteins. (springer.com)
  • Brown algae belong to the group Heterokontophyta , a large group of eukaryotic organisms distinguished most prominently by having chloroplasts surrounded by four membranes, suggesting an origin from a symbiotic relationship between a basal eukaryote and another eukaryotic organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this lecture I will discuss recent results using green algae as model organisms which provide the strongest evidence yet for the elastohydrodynamic origin of synchronisation. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Flagella and cilia are among the most highly conserved structures in biology: the eukaryotic flagella that first appeared on Earth in single-cell organisms some billion years ago are essentially identical to the cilia within humans, the most highly developed eukaryotes. (aip.org)
  • Economic importance of Algae These eukaryotic marine organisms have no roots, flowers and stem. (rhas.ca)
  • Amazingly algae is being tested as a bio-fuel and as a bio-diesel by extracting oil from the algae habitat Brown algae are eaten by herbivorous organisms such as fish, gastropods and sea urchins. (rhas.ca)
  • Using bioinformatics, we examined the evolutionary patterns of TZ complex proteins across the extant eukaryotic supergroups, in both ciliated and non-ciliated organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Is the amitochondrial condition in these organisms a secondary adaptation or is it evolutionarily primitive - or, in other words, did any organisms diverge from the main line of eukaryotic evolution before the advent of mitochondria? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Respiration is an essential process in all organisms, whereas photosynthesis occurs in green plants, algae , and a few types of bacteria only. (biomadam.com)
  • Plants, like mosses, and other organisms, such as algae , and some cyanobacteria also perform photosynthesis to obtain energy. (biomadam.com)
  • Cellular respiration occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. (biomadam.com)
  • Male and female genotypes in heterothallic (self-incompatible) species of haploid organisms, such as algae and bryophytes, are generally determined by male and female sex-determining regions (SDRs) in the sex chromosomes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The bulk production of recombinant enzymes by either prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms might contribute to replace environmentally non-friendly chemistry-based industrial processes with enzyme-based biocatalysis, provided the cost of enzyme production is low. (springer.com)
  • From gut-inhabiting bacteria to sea-dwelling algae, microorganisms display a penchant for coordinated movement. (aip.org)
  • Chloroplasts (photosynthesis) in green plants and algae originated as free living bacteria related to the cyanobacteria [the chloroplastic DNA is more similar to free-living Cyanobacteria DNA than to sequences from the plants the chloroplasts reside in]. (tripod.com)
  • however, all current definitions of Plantae exclude the fungi and some algae, as well as the prokaryotes (the archaea and bacteria). (definitions.net)
  • Also, there is a variety of fibers that are under biotechnology research derived from feedstock like fungi, algae, bacteria, and enzymes. (textilesschool.com)
  • EI-Sheekh MM, Ghareib MM, EL-Souod GW A (2011) IBiodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some Algae and Cyanobacteria. (omicsonline.org)
  • From their multiple cell walls, it can be inferred that cyanobacteria were "engulfed" by early eukaryotic cells, resulting in chloroplasts with double membranes in the algae. (e-flux.com)
  • Threshold effect levels to three fixed representative species of green algae and cyanobacteria will be required. (chimia.ch)
  • This article reviews and compares the contamination of waters with antibiotics in Switzerland and Germany and also presents an overview of published effect data on eukaryotic algae and prokaryotic cyanobacteria in order to discuss the representativeness of the selected species. (chimia.ch)
  • Green plants obtain most of their energy from sunlight via photosynthesis by primary chloroplasts that are derived from endosymbiosis with cyanobacteria. (definitions.net)
  • Viral particles, resembling known virophages and large alga viruses, are detected in culture supernatants and inside algal cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Brown algae are unique among heterokonts in developing into multicellular forms with differentiated tissues , but they reproduce by means of flagellated spores and gametes that closely resemble cells of other heterokonts. (wikipedia.org)
  • [6] Some species have a stage in their life cycle that consists of only a few cells, making the entire alga microscopic. (wikipedia.org)
  • There are no known species that exist as single cells or as colonies of cells, [11] and the brown algae are the only major group of seaweeds that does not include such forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The algae could use nitro and amino- substituents, from amino naphthalenes, and amino- and nitrobenzoates as nitrogen sources, and chlorobenzoates could be dehalogenated and the chloride being accumulated by the cells [ 2 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • Red algae and green algae also resulted from such "enslavement," and they were "engulfed" by different eukaryotic cells, producing brown algae with a three-layer membrane. (e-flux.com)
  • CK1, however, is also found in every other organism with eukaryotic (nonbacterial) cells, including single-celled green algae in which it has been implicated in circadian rhythms. (medicalxpress.com)
  • There are two types of cell- prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells. (vedantu.com)
  • Centrin is a type of protein that is essential for practically all eukaryotic cells. (prospecbio.com)
  • Golgi body or complex is an organelle that is bound by a membrane in eukaryotic cells. (microbenotes.com)
  • Sebagaimana bagi mitokondria , yang memiliki pengkod genom 37 gen, [6] plastid memiliki genom mereka sendiri sekitar 100-120 gen unik [7] dan, ia dianggap, muncul ketika endosymbiont prokariot living in the cells of an early eukaryotic ancestor of the land plants and algae . (wikipedia.org)
  • L. Margulis (1970) Origin of eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • As described in the journal Cell , scientists found that some more complex cells, called eukaryotic cells, also possess the base. (iflscience.com)
  • Parachlorella kessleri , a unicellular green alga belonging to the class Trebouxiophyceae, achieves very high biomass, lipid, and starch productivity levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Between 1,500 and 2,000 species of brown algae are known worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
  • In form, the brown algae range from small crusts or cushions [10] to leafy free-floating mats formed by species of Sargassum . (wikipedia.org)
  • The phylogeny and distribution of the TnpB/Fanzor proteins indicate that they may be disseminated among eukaryotic species by viruses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the similarities between land plants and several algae species is the presence of chlorophyll which allows them to form organic food molecules by utilizing energy from the sun and … 2. (rhas.ca)
  • More than 100 species of algae are used as food by humans. (rhas.ca)
  • To resolve the molecular genetic basis for the evolution of homothallic (bisexual and self-compatible) species from a heterothallic ancestor, we compared whole-genome data from Thai and Japanese genotypes within the homothallic green alga Volvox africanus. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here, we discover a novel cell-virus-virophage (CVv) tripartite interaction system by using unicellular micro-green algae (Chlorella sp. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The discovery of such a novel CVv system with the green alga Chlorella sp. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • In this study, we successfully discovered and identified a novel tripartite interaction system comprised of a micro-green alga (Chlorella sp. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Mimiviridae large green alga virus, and virophage at the coculture level, with Chlorella sp. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Biotransformation of progesterone by the green alga Chlorella emersonii C211-8h. (bio.net)
  • Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus-1 is an icosahedrally shaped, 1,900-Å-diameter virus that infects unicellular eukaryotic green algae. (nebraska.edu)
  • When they peered inside the fossils using synchrotron-based X-ray tomography - an imaging technique similar to CT scanning but more powerful - the researchers identified cellular structures known as rhomboidal platelets, which the algae might have used for photosynthesis. (abc.net.au)
  • A thread-like type of fossil contains cellular structures known as rhomboidal platelets (shown in green), which may have been used for photosynthesis. (abc.net.au)
  • While plants use photosynthesis to manufacture sugar, algae convert solar energy into chemical energy. (biomadam.com)
  • For example, they may be sprinkled … Occurrences of algal blooms have been responsible for the closure of popular swimming … Some of the single celled and colonial green algae have small tails or "flagella" attached to each cell, which they use to swim. (rhas.ca)
  • Green algae range in size from microscopic to large plants, and can be single celled, colonial, or filamentous. (rhas.ca)
  • Yellow-green algae or the Xanthophyceae (xanthophytes) are an important group of heterokont algae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Genetic studies show their closest relatives to be the yellow-green algae . (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitochondrial genomes of algae. (umontreal.ca)
  • Here, we extend the recently described Genome BLAST Distance Phylogeny (GBDP) strategy to compute phylogenetic trees from all completely sequenced plastid genomes currently available and from a selection of mitochondrial genomes representing the major eukaryotic lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Martin argues here and elsewhere that nearly all claims of lateral gene transfer (LGT) into eukaryotic genomes are untrue, and that accompanying narratives are fundamentally 'Lamarckian. (blogspot.com)
  • alga ), comprising the class Phaeophyceae , are a large group of multicellular algae , including many seaweeds located in colder waters within the Northern Hemisphere . (wikipedia.org)
  • Paleontologist Martin Brasier used the term "enslavement" to describe the formation of multicellular algae. (e-flux.com)
  • are motile, unicellular, rod to ovoid shaped (9 - 11 µm) green algae (Chlorophyceae), which are common in marine waters. (harvard.edu)
  • The core of eukaryotic LGT adaptation claims is that eukaryotes lack the genetic material required to survive in particular environments and acquire the genes needed in order to access those environments from those that already live there. (blogspot.com)
  • Here we report two groups of TnpB-like proteins (Fanzor1 and Fanzor2) that are widespread in diverse eukaryotic transposable elements (TEs), and in large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses infecting eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • More specifically, researchers discovered 6mA in three different groups of eukaryotes: green algae, flies and worms. (iflscience.com)
  • The group of nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses includes viruses that are able to infect different hosts, such as animals, green algae, and unicellular eukaryotes ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Whereas the issue of how the eukaryotic cell arose remains controversial [ 8 , 9 ], current genomic data do allow us to make a number of reasonably compelling inferences about how mitochondria themselves originated and have since evolved. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In 1899, Lüther created the group Heterokontae for green algae with unequal flagella. (wikipedia.org)
  • The remarkable similarity in the underlying molecular structure of flagella across the whole eukaryotic world leads naturally to the hypothesis that a similarly universal mechanism might be responsible for synchronization. (cam.ac.uk)
  • In turn, swimming prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes can be distinguished by the nature of their flagella, the hair-like cellular appendages that enable locomotion. (aip.org)
  • In contrast, eukaryotic flagella, such as those deployed by spermatozoa and green algae, are flexible and actively deforming. (aip.org)
  • When several eukaryotic flagella are closely spaced on a surface to form a carpet, they are often referred to as cilia. (aip.org)
  • Eukaryotic cilia and flagella are critical for diverse functions, from motility to signal transduction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mitochondrial and eukaryotic origins: a critical review. (umontreal.ca)
  • Mitochondrial genome organization and evolution within the green algae and land plants. (umontreal.ca)
  • what lineage gives rise to red and green algae? (flashcardmachine.com)
  • This must have happened after the nucleus was acquired by the eukaryotic lineage. (tripod.com)
  • The evolutionary lineage of the green algae forked into charophytes and chlorophytes. (biologyonline.com)
  • Rubisco in marine symbiotic dinoflagellates: Form II enzymes in eukaryotic oxygenic phototrophs encoded by a nuclear multigene family. (bio.net)
  • (1) Newer classifications of algae though separate the charophytes from the chlorophytes, such as that in Leliaert et al. (biologyonline.com)
  • The charophytes, together with the chlorophytes, make up the green algae. (biologyonline.com)
  • As shown in the cladogram (on the right), the charophytes could have come from the green algae. (biologyonline.com)
  • Based on their mode of nutrition, lichens are in a symbiotic relationship between green algae and fungus. (rhas.ca)
  • The origin of eukaryotic nucleus is almost certainly autogenous and not a result of endosymbiosis. (tripod.com)
  • Discoveries of multicellular eukaryote fossils in this time have been sporadic and difficult to interpret, with the previous oldest known example of identifiable red algae dated at 1.2 billion years. (abc.net.au)
  • The Viridiplantae is a clade of green plants and are characterized by having chlorophyll pigments a and b, the presence of cellulose in cell wall, lacking phycobilins, and the storing of starch within the plastid s. (biologyonline.com)
  • The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by different algae seems to be related to the molecular structures of the compound and physiological metabolism of the algae. (omicsonline.org)
  • Green plants provide a substantial proportion of the world's molecular oxygen, and are the basis of most of Earth's ecosystems. (definitions.net)
  • Molecular evidence, … Economic Importance of Green Algae. (rhas.ca)
  • Phylogeny and molecular evolution of the green algae" (PDF). (biologyonline.com)
  • By one definition, plants form the clade Viridiplantae (Latin name for "green plants") which is sister of the Glaucophyta, and consists of the green algae and Embryophyta (land plants). (definitions.net)
  • We suggest that the development of this response mechanism in motile algae may have been an important step in the evolution of terrestrial plants and that its retention therein strongly implicates ABA in the regulation of their relevant tropisms. (nature.com)
  • They are definitely biological in the sense that they are not made from inorganic processes because they have cellular structure and intracellular structure and they agree very well with the structure that you find in later and modern algae,' Professor Bengtson said. (abc.net.au)
  • Biological and Economic importance of Algae 1. (rhas.ca)
  • This bioinformatic analysis represents the first systematic analysis of the cohort of TZ complex proteins across eukaryotic evolution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They appear to be the closest relatives of the brown algae. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most brown algae contain the pigment fucoxanthin , which is responsible for the distinctive greenish-brown color that gives them their name. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is due to the abundant chlorophyll (green pigment) inside their cell. (biologyonline.com)
  • This may take the form of precise frequency and phase locking as frequently found in the swimming of green algae, or beating with long-wavelength phase modulations known as metachronal waves, seen in ciliates such as Paramecium and in our own respiratory systems. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Charophyta is a taxonomic group (a phylum) comprised of green algae that live predominantly in freshwater habitat s. (biologyonline.com)
  • as the single cellular eukaryotic host paves a way to further investigate the potential interaction mechanism of CVv and its significance in the ecology of green algae and the evolution of large/giant viruses and their parasitic viruses. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • IMPORTANCE Parasitic virophages are small unicellular eukaryotic dsDNA viruses that rely on the viral factories of coinfecting giant/large dsDNA viruses for propagation. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • The topic read that the Parasitic Algae reduced the yield of Tea and Coffee in … a) Leaves of some crop plants. (rhas.ca)
  • The aquatic to terrestrial transition must have posed a significant challenge to algae and environmental differences required the adaptive evolution of protective mechanisms enabling them to become high-light and desiccation tolerant and sessile at the water surface. (nature.com)
  • Iron-Induced Changes in Light Harvesting and Photochemical Energy Conversion Processes in Eukaryotic Marine Algae. (harvard.edu)
  • Classification of the green algae: a concept based on comparative cytology. (rhas.ca)
  • The Thai and Japanese algae harbored expanded ancestral male and female SDRs of â ¼1 Mbp each, representing a direct heterothallic ancestor. (bvsalud.org)
  • Herbivores utilize the energy stored in different leaves of green plants to fulfill their nutrient demands. (biomadam.com)
  • Other groups of brown algae grow to much larger sizes. (wikipedia.org)
  • as eukaryotic hosts for the first time. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Presently, the identified eukaryotic hosts of isolated virophages were restricted to a free-living amoeba, Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and a widespread marine heterotrophic flagellate, Cafeteria roenbergensis. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Centrin was first isolated and discovered in 1984 in the flagellar roots of green algae. (prospecbio.com)
  • First, members of the group possess a characteristic color that ranges from an olive green to various shades of brown . (wikipedia.org)
  • Brown algae are the major seaweeds of the temperate and polar regions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most brown algae live in marine environments, where they play an important role both as food and as a potential habitat . (wikipedia.org)
  • Many brown algae, such as members of the order Fucales , commonly grow along rocky seashores. (wikipedia.org)
  • Brown algae exist in a wide range of sizes and forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • [11] Second, all brown algae are multicellular . (wikipedia.org)
  • Distribution of an amino acid-containing phospholipid in brown algae. (bio.net)
  • water molds, golden algae, and brown algae. (rhas.ca)
  • The large green alga virus CV-XW01 represents the closest relative to the Mimiviridae giant virus Cafeteria roenbergensis virus, host virus of the virophage Mavirus, as well as a novel large virus of Mimiviridae that infects a non-protozoan protist host. (unboundmedicine.com)