Eukaryotic cells microtubule nucleation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Centrioles, from which basal bodies are derived, act as anchoring sites for proteins that in turn anchor microtubules, and are known as the microtubule organizing center (MTOC). (wikipedia.org)
While plants employ some evolutionarily conserved proteins to regulate spindle morphogenesis and remodeling, many essential spindle assembly factors found in vertebrates are either missing or not required for producing the plant bipolar microtubule array. (nsf.gov)
Uncovering mitotic functions of novel proteins for spindle assembly in plants will illuminate both common and divergent mechanisms employed by different eukaryotic organisms to segregate genetic materials. (nsf.gov)
It is intriguing what proteins are associated with plant‐specific MTOC s and how plant cells activate or inactivate MT nucleation activities in spatiotemporally regulated manners. (nsf.gov)
Cells express a pool of thousands of different proteins that need to be tightly controlled for proper cellular structure, organization, and function. (hindawi.com)
and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)
Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. (lookformedical.com)
The PCM is an ordered lattice that anchors a large number of microtubule (MT)-associated proteins, many of which bear putative coiled-coil domains, a tertiary structure known to facilitate protein-protein interactions [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
Formins are multidomain proteins defined by a conserved FH2 (formin homology 2) domain with actin nucleation activity preceded by a proline-rich FH1 (formin homology 1) domain. (biomedcentral.com)
In vitro, the FH2 domain competes with barbed-end capping proteins and is necessary and sufficient to nucleate actin polymerization, but the FH1 domain, which interacts with profilin-actin, funnels actin to the nucleation vicinity and confers full activity to the molecule [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
When GTP is bound, for instance, Ras proteins can interact with effectors and other molecules to affect cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. (justia.com)
Thus, existing techniques and current knowledge have not used nor addressed the interactions of GEF-H1 with other proteins as a means by which cell proliferation can be controlled or the detection and treatment of cancerous, tumorigenic cells and tissues be developed. (justia.com)
The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous proteins that enables the active transport of cellular cargo, transduces force, and when assembled into higher-order structures, forms the basis for motile cellular structures that promote cell movement. (mechanobio.info)
Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society 2021 HIV microtubule microtubule-associated proteins post-translational modifications tubulin The eukaryotic cell is structured in different membranous and non-membranous organelles that compartmentalize. (silverchair.com)
Rho GTPases represent a family of small GTP-binding proteins involved in cell cytoskeleton organization, migration, transcription, and proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Rho GTPase effectors are a large group of proteins and include actin nucleation promoting molecules, adaptors, as well as kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, GSOs protected cells against GLU-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated Bcl-2 family effector proteins and protected cells from GLU-induced oxidative damage by increasing the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. (sdbonline.org)
We decellularized the metastatic lung sections, measured the micromechanics of the tumor ECM, and stained the sections for ECM proteins, proliferation, and cell death markers. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
14) strand proteins in gene-internal of FGFR3 and capable sunshine amyloid or proteotoxic cell increasing( Otsuki, 1999). (evakoch.com)

MT ‐dependent MT nucleation is particularly noticeable in plant cells because it accounts for the primary source of MT generation for assembling spindle, phragmoplast, and cortical arrays when the γ‐tubulin ring complex is anchored and activated by the augmin complex. (nsf.gov)
The B-lattice was observed on the axonemal microtubules as well as on extensions made by polymerizing porcine brain tubulin onto axonemal microtubules in the proximal and distal directions. (silverchair.com)
The orientation of the dimers is such that the plus end terminates with a crown of alpha subunits, the minus end terminates with beta subunits which thus could be in contact with gamma-tubulin at the nucleation centers. (silverchair.com)
All microtubules are assembled at nucleation sites containing γ-tubulin, an evolutionarily conserved microtubule nucleator, located at the spindle poles. (monbug.ca)
Using a diverse set of quantitative tools, based in single cell and population measurements, we show that g-tubulin plays an unexpected role in orchestrating the formation of anti-parallel microtubules during the assembly of mitotic spindle. (monbug.ca)
We propose a model where Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation of γ-tubulin allows each microtubule to behave independently of its neighbors during spindle assembly. (monbug.ca)
Predicted to enable gamma-tubulin binding activity and microtubule binding activity. (nih.gov)
Assembly of gamma-tubulin ring complexes: implications for cell biology and disease. (nih.gov)
Gamma-tubulin complexes and their interaction with microtubule-organizing centers. (nih.gov)
Microtubule nucleation by γ-tubulin complexes. (nih.gov)
FAM29A promotes microtubule amplification via recruitment of the NEDD1-gamma-tubulin complex to the mitotic spindle. (nih.gov)
Microtubules, the cytoskeletal component with the widest cross-section at about 25nm in diameter, are hollow tubes consisting of repeated α - and β -tubulin sub-units[ 6 ]. (biorxiv.org)

Before the cell enters G1 phase, i.e. before the formation of the cilium, the mother centriole serves as a component of the centrosome. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast to well-studied fungal and animal cells, plant cells assemble bipolar spindles that exhibit a great deal of plasticity in the absence of structurally defined microtubule-organizing centers like the centrosome. (nsf.gov)
Although many key factors contributing to MT nucleation and organization are well conserved in different kingdoms, the centrosome, representing the most prominent microtubule organizing centers ( MTOC s), disappeared during plant evolution as angiosperms lack the structure. (nsf.gov)
Predicted to be active in centrosome and equatorial microtubule organizing center. (nih.gov)
Here, centrioles, contained in the centrosome , are responsible for the production of microtubules that form the central fibers. (microscopemaster.com)
In higher plants, microtubule organizing centers (centrosome) is absent. (microscopemaster.com)
In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)
In G1 phase, cells have a single centrosome consisting of two centrioles joined by cohesion fibers. (biomedcentral.com)
Each cell inherits one centrosome after the completion of cytokinesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Centrosome duplication is tightly regulated and limited at once per cell cycle through a mechanism that prevents re-duplication. (biomedcentral.com)

In the meiosis of many species, the process of chromosome segregation requires that bipolar spindles be formed without the aid of dedicated microtubule organizing centers, such as centrosomes. (nsf.gov)

A basal body (synonymous with basal granule, kinetosome, and in older cytological literature with blepharoplast) is a protein structure found at the base of a eukaryotic undulipodium (cilium or flagellum). (wikipedia.org)
In multiciliated cells, however, in many cases basal bodies are not made from centrioles but are generated de novo from a special protein structure called the deuterosome. (wikipedia.org)
The purpose of the current study was to determine if inhibition of protein synthesis caused by silvestrol triggers autophagy and apoptosis in cultured human cancer cells derived from solid tumors. (biomedcentral.com)
Silvestrol-mediated cell death was attenuated in ATG7-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking a functional autophagy protein. (biomedcentral.com)
Using CRISPR to disrupt the Nesprin-1 KASH domain, we identified this LINC complex protein as the predominant nuclear envelope anchor for microtubule cytoskeleton components, including nucleation activities and motor complexes, in mouse cardiomyocytes. (bvsalud.org)
This protein may have a role in efficient chromosome congression and segregation by promoting microtubule-dependent microtubule amplification. (nih.gov)
The microtubule-associated protein EML3 regulates mitotic spindle assembly by recruiting the Augmin complex to spindle microtubules. (nih.gov)
The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
Protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) is a crucial protein complex that plays an important role in DNA damage response (DDR), including DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (molcells.org)
MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
SAMHD1 activity is regulated throughout the cell cycle, both at the level of protein expression and post-translationally, through phosphorylation. (silverchair.com)
When expressed as a fusion protein with eYFP in cultured cells, Sec31B-F associates with the endoplasmic reticulum and with vesicular-tubular clusters, displays restricted intracellular movement characteristic of COPII vesicle dynamics, co-distributes on organelles with Sec13, Sec31A and Sec23 (markers of the COPII coat), and concentrates with ts045-VSV-G-CFP (VSV-G) when examined early in the secretory pathway or after temperature or nocodazole inhibition. (biologists.com)

Cytoskeletal microtubules ( MT s) have a multitude of functions including intracellular distribution of molecules and organelles, cell morphogenesis, as well as segregation of the genetic material and separation of the cytoplasm during cell division among eukaryotic organisms. (nsf.gov)
Amongst a multitude of other functions, the cytoskeletal network, prevalent in almost all eukaryotic cells, provides physical shape and structure to cells, aids in cell growth, and plays a key role in trafficking[ 1 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Many of the cytoskeletal sub-units have been highly conserved during evolution and are found in most eukaryotic cells, with homologues even present in some prokaryotes[ 3 ]. (biorxiv.org)
From an evolutionary perspective this spatial control is satisfied in that the distant relative S. cerevisiae Cdc24, a GEF for Cdc42, plays a key role in targeting cytoskeletal changes to different spatial domains of the cell in response to different signals O'Shea et al. (justia.com)

In Oct 2014, I became a Wellcome Investigator, and have used this opportunity to focus the lab more tightly around its core long-term interest of kinesin-microtubule interaction mechanisms. (warwick.ac.uk)

Cytokinesis refers to the division of the cytoplasm during cell division (mitosis). (microscopemaster.com)

First, basal bodies have basal feet, which are anchored to cytoplasmic microtubules and are necessary for polarized alignment of the cilium. (wikipedia.org)
Although the overall structures of flagellar and cytoplasmic microtubules are understood, many details have remained a matter of debate. (silverchair.com)

The microtubules and actin filaments within the phragmoplast serve to guide vesicles with cell wall material to the growing cell plate. (sciforums.com)
Actin filaments are also possibly involved in guiding the phragmoplast to the site of the former preprophase band location at the parent cell wall. (sciforums.com)
In particular we investigate the production and balance of mechanical forces in the networks of actin filaments and microtubules. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
To that end we use microfabrication tools to impose spatial boundary conditions to individual cells or purified cytoskeleton filaments. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
Actin filaments and microtubules form such complex intricate networks in cells that it is difficult to identify the principles of their self-organization. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
In living cells, actin networks constantly assemble and disassemble filaments while maintaining an apparent stable structure, suggesting a perfect balance between the two processes. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
Microtubules (MTs) are dynamic cytoskeleton filaments. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
The cytoskeleton is typically divided into three distinct components: microtubules, intermediate filaments and actin[ 4 , 5 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Unlike the globular units of microtubules and actin filaments, intermediate filaments are themselves constructed from filamentous sub-units, and confer strength as well as stress resistance to the cell[ 10 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Actin microfilaments are present as both individual filaments and bundled into thicker filaments, and play a key role in plant cell growth and internal transport[ 14 ]. (biorxiv.org)
At the cell equator, these factors stimulate the recruitment of formins which in turn results in the nucleation of actin filaments as well as myosin localization. (microscopemaster.com)
Eukaryotic cells rely on de novo nucleation mechanisms to generate actin filaments in order to elicit spatial and temporal remodeling of their actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)

Instead, flexible MTOC s may emerge on the plasma membrane, the nuclear envelope, and even organelles depending on types of cells and organisms and/or physiological conditions. (nsf.gov)
In animal cells, centrosomes represent the major microtubule-organizing structures (MTOC). (biomedcentral.com)

Mitochondria are the energy producing organelles in eukaryotic cell providing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
Moreover, we identify a distinct, N-terminal, higher affinity interaction interface between LRRK2 phosphorylated Rab8 and Rab10 termed 'Site #2', that can retain LRRK2 on membranes in cells to catalyze multiple, subsequent phosphorylation events. (stanford.edu)
PP4IP-knockout cells were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the phosphorylation status of PP4 substrates (H2AX, KAP1, and RPA2) was analyzed. (molcells.org)
We sought to identify PKA phosphorylation sites in PLIN5 and assess their functional relevance in cultured cells and the livers of mice. (uci.edu)
Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)

Centrioles are cylindrical corps formed by a radial array of nine MT-triplets, which are structurally similar to basal bodies of eukaryotic cilia and flagella [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

J Cell Biol, 2019 Jul 1. (nih.gov)

Despite their fundamental importance in the regulation of cell physiology, the basic mechanisms that control the coordinated dynamics of co-existing actin networks are poorly understood. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
My lab focuses on the force generating mechanisms of kinesins and their microtubule tracks. (warwick.ac.uk)
These mechanisms drive much of the self-organisation behaviour of eukaryotic cells and understanding them is important both for fundamental science and for the development of improved chemical biology approaches to a range of important medical and agricultural problems. (warwick.ac.uk)
In 2010 I moved with a group of younger colleagues to Warwick Medical School to found a new Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology (CMCB), aiming to integrate biophysical and cell biological approaches to the mechanisms of life. (warwick.ac.uk)

Actins are highly conserved within the eukaryotic kingdom and exist in higher eukaryotes as multigene families. (tebubio.com)

Current Opinion in Cell Biology. (wikipedia.org)

In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
eukaryotic translation initiation facto. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Significantly, we found that traction forces are transmitted via LINC complexes to the cell nucleus, which serves to maintain the global force imbalance. (bvsalud.org)
In plants, microtubules retain a role in cell division but also guide cell wall development through their relationship with wall-building enzyme complexes in the plasma membrane[ 9 ]. (biorxiv.org)
These nucleoprotein complexes act as a positional marker of the origin and earmark this region for segregation in a manner somewhat analogous to eukaryotic centromeres and their binding partners. (elifesciences.org)

In response to internal and external cues, eukaryotic cells remodel their MT network in a regulated manner in order to assemble physiologically important arrays for cell growth, cell proliferation, or for cells to cope with biotic or abiotic stresses. (nsf.gov)
PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types. (lookformedical.com)
The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
The present invention relates to diagnosing abnormal cell proliferation in biological samples and screening for drugs which inhibit, reduce or abolish cell growth, especially tumorigenic cell growth, by detecting a phosphovariant isoform of a guanine nucleotide exchange factor biomarker, such as the novel GEF-H1S. (justia.com)
They are endowed with GTP hydrolytic activity, mainly involved in cytoskeleton rearrangements and cell motility, but also involved in cell proliferation, transformation and differentiation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Decorated microtubules have a clear polarity. (silverchair.com)
We further analyze how the control of symmetry in these architectures regulate cell polarity. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)

It is involved in a large number of cellular processes, including muscle contraction, lamellopodial extrusion, cell locomotion, cytokinesis, intracellular transport and cytoplasmic streaming. (tebubio.com)
Phragmoplast and cell plate formation in a plant cell during cytokinesis. (sciforums.com)
The cell plate will transform into the new cell wall once cytokinesis is complete. (sciforums.com)
Because it involves the separation/division of the cytoplasm, cytokinesis serves to divide the cell into two with each of the daughter cells containing the same cell contents as the parent cell. (microscopemaster.com)
During cytokinesis, the contractile ring contracts (undergoes ingression) thus creating an intercellular bridge between the two cells before they completely separate. (microscopemaster.com)
Upon cytokinesis, each daughter cell receives only one centriole, which duplicates once per cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

The simplification of the cellular approach, the top-down way, and the complexification of the biochemical approach, the bottom-up way, should eventually encounter and provide us a continuous experimental platform to analyze the physics of cytoskeleton networks and morphogenesis from molecules to cells. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
Although we have extensive knowledge of many important processes in cell biology, including information on many of the molecules involved and the physical interactions among them, we still do not understand most of the dynamical features that are the essence of living systems. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)

Both overexpression and depletion of PP4IP impairs DSB repairs and sensitizes cells to genotoxic stress, suggesting timely inhibition of PP4 to be indispensable for cells in responding to DNA damage. (molcells.org)

and mitotic cell cycle. (nih.gov)

In animals and fungi, they play a number of roles including aiding in the formation of flagella or cilia[ 7 ], providing structures for material transport, and positioning of the mitotic spindle during cell division[ 8 ]. (biorxiv.org)
Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing structures in vertebrate cells. (biomedcentral.com)

In vitro cell viability, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, qPCR and immunoblot was used to study the mechanism of action of silvestrol in MDA-MB-435 melanoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
This study aims to understand the function and mechanism of Drosophila Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) in cell invasion. (sdbonline.org)

1) microtubules that project from the spindle poles and attach to chromosomes, promoting the directed movement of chromosomes towards the spindle poles and (2) pairs of microtubules projecting from opposite poles which undergo anti-parallel sliding and drives spindle elongation. (monbug.ca)
This stage of mitosis is also an important one given that it's the stage at which the chromosomes start aligning at the central part of the cell so that they can be divided. (microscopemaster.com)
This is important because it ensures that as the cell continues to separate, each of the new daughter cells receives an equal number of chromosomes. (microscopemaster.com)
As they extend, some of the microtubules also attach and connect to the chromosomes at kinetochores allowing the separation to begin. (microscopemaster.com)

These microtubules provide structure and facilitate movement of vesicles and organelles within many eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that provide essential metabolic functions and represent the major bioenergetic hub of eukaryotic cell. (hindawi.com)
In line with this notion, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion and move into the cell along the microtubules to generate the mitochondrial network [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Centrosomes are animal-specific non-membranous organelles that localize in close proximity to the cell nucleus for the duration of interphase. (biomedcentral.com)

Cilia and basal bodies form during quiescence or the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
During cell cycle dormancy, basal bodies organize primary cilia and reside at the cell cortex in proximity to plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)

Trends Cell Biol, 1999 Sep. (nih.gov)

They confer upon actin networks a high degree of plasticity allowing them to adapt in response to external changes and enable cells to adjust to their environments. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
These two modes of cell movement are interconvertible and several moving cells, including tumor cells, show an high degree of plasticity in motility styles shifting ad hoc between mesenchymal or amoeboid movements. (biomedcentral.com)

In this way, the cells generate a force imbalance between adhesion sites. (bvsalud.org)
How cells generate these actin-mediated protrusions to span lengths beyond those attainable by canonical filopodia remains unknown. (x-mol.com)

On cell cycle entry, cilia resorb and the basal body migrates to the nucleus where it functions to organize centrosomes. (wikipedia.org)

Here, we describe detailed analyses of acentrosomal spindle assembly and disassembly in time-lapse images, from live meiotic cells of Zea mays. (nsf.gov)

In the case of budding yeast, the system is very minimal- one microtubule attaches to each of the 16 duplicated chromosome (32), and 3-4 pairs of anti-parallel microtubules. (monbug.ca)

This is what makes the MT brain a complex biological data processing system that is shared by all Eukaryotic organisms and animal species on earth. (sciforums.com)

Although they are present in almost all mammalian cells, their existence in plants is still hotly debated[ 11 ]. (biorxiv.org)

Silvestrol potently inhibits cell growth and induces cell death in human melanoma cells through induction of early autophagy and caspase-mediated apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Silvestrol represents a natural product scaffold that exhibits potent cytotoxic activity and could be used for the further study of autophagy and its relationship to apoptosis in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, mitochondria control cell death through apoptosis and supply Ca 2+ and metabolites required for cellular homeodynamics [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
To prevent these detrimental consequences, eukaryotic cells have evolved an elaborate and complex system, so called DNA damage response (DDR) comprising of DNA DSB repair, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and transcriptional regulation ( Jackson and Bartek, 2009 ). (molcells.org)

Of note, compared to fungal and animal systems, relatively little is known about how plant cells remodel the spindle microtubule array during anaphase. (nsf.gov)
While this is the last event of cell division, it starts early on during the anaphase stage of mitosis in most eukaryotic cells . (microscopemaster.com)

Filamin forms a vital scaffolding adaptor and regulatory component that contributes to the mechanical stability of cells by linking the internal actin network with membrane receptors and mechanosensitive components. (mechanobio.info)
During the last decades, remarkable progress has been made in further understanding the complex molecular regulatory networks that maintain hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. (x-mol.com)

The sea creatures coordinate their behaviour thanks to peptidergic cells, special types of cells that release small peptides which can direct the animal's movement or feeding. (sciforums.com)
This review will focus on the role of Rac and Rho small GTPases in cell motility and in the complex relationship driving the reciprocal control between Rac and Rho granting for the opportunistic motile behaviour of aggressive cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

From here, microtubules that form the fibers radiate to the cell cortex located at the inner part of the cell membrane . (microscopemaster.com)
Cell damage was assessed using MTT assays, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release rate and flow cytometry were used to detect the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential respectively. (sdbonline.org)
GSOs also mitigated the deleterious effects of GLU on the mitochondrial membrane potential and Cyt C release, thus alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased GSH levels and CAT activity in both cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)

Methods in Cell Biology. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular Biology of the Cell. (wikipedia.org)

The augmin complex plays a role in microtubule attachment to the kinetochore and central spindle formation. (nih.gov)
These are also known as central spindle and consists of an array of microtubules. (microscopemaster.com)

Plant spindle assembly initiates with microtubule nucleation on the nuclear envelope followed by bipolarization into the prophase spindle. (nsf.gov)

Centrosomes were first described at the end of the 19th century by Theodor Boveri who had also the intuition of their central role in cell life [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The number of centrosomes within a cell is strictly controlled [ 5 ] (Figure 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)

In the earliest stages of development, the physical properties of the microenvironment can direct cell differentiation, and initiate the coordinated movement of groups of cells to establish the patterns that will define how the body is arranged. (mechanobio.info)

Cells exhibit three distinct modes of migration when invading the 3 D environment. (biomedcentral.com)

Our analysis allows some preliminary insight into the functionality of Dictyostelium formins: all isoforms might display actin nucleation activity and, with the exception of ForI, might also be susceptible to autoinhibition and to regulation by Rho GTPases. (biomedcentral.com)

They localize in close proximity to the nucleus for the duration of interphase and play major roles in numerous cell functions. (biomedcentral.com)

The levels of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in PC12 cells and Drosophila brain tissue. (sdbonline.org)
In Drosophila with depleted RACK1 in all muscle cells or, specifically, in SC lineage resulted in a delayed recovery of skeletal muscle after physical damage as well as the low presence of active SC in the wound area. (sdbonline.org)

Driven by the intrigue of the origin of these cells, the authors of the study employed an array of molecular techniques and computational models to understand how placozoan cell types evolved and piece together how our ancient ancestors might have looked and functioned. (sciforums.com)
Molecular Cell, 81 (6), 1128-1129. (edu.au)
Each infectious agent represents a unique combination of pathogen-associated molecular patterns that interact with specific pattern-recognition receptors expressed on immune cells. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona find evidence that specialized secretory cells found in these unique and ancient creatures may have given rise to neurons in more complex animals. (sciforums.com)
This conclusion is supported by the fact that LINC complex-deficient cells are incapable of durotaxis and instead migrate randomly on substrates featuring a stiffness gradient. (bvsalud.org)
PP4IP interacts with PP4 complex, which is affected by DNA damage and cell cycle progression and decreases the dephosphorylational activity of PP4. (molcells.org)

Quantification of Reduced Glutamine - Easy extraction of cell Lysate - Used to determine intracellular levels of Glutamine Glutamine, a source of α-ketoglutarate (one of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates), is an important substance used for energy production and the syntheses of nucleic acids and other amino acids. (tebubio.com)

In addition, silvestrol blocked progression through the cell cycle at the G 2 -phase. (biomedcentral.com)
Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. (lookformedical.com)

In this part, in vitro experiments will be complemented by the analysis of actin network remodeling in living cells. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)
Yet, the precise structure-function relationships of properties of the actin network in plants are still to be unravelled, including details of how the network configuration depends upon cell type, tissue type and developmental stage. (biorxiv.org)
To address this problem, we have developed DRAGoN, a novel image analysis algorithm that can automatically extract the actin network across a range of cell types, providing seventeen different quantitative measures that describe the network at a local level. (biorxiv.org)

In animal cells, new reports are showing that spindle fibers are responsible for the position of the cleavage furrow. (microscopemaster.com)

In vitro reconstituted systems will be used to control the actin nucleation patterns, the closed volume of the reaction chamber and the physical interaction of the networks. (hipi-lab-saint-louis.fr)

Anatomy44

Organisms20

Chemicals and Drugs98

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes71

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science6

Health Care2

Proteins22

Tubulin12

Centrosome10

Centers1

Protein13

Cytoskeletal4

Kinesin-microtubule1

Cytoplasm during cell d1

Cytoplasmic microtubules2

Filaments12

MTOC2

Phosphorylation5

Centrioles1

20191

Mechanisms4

Highly conserved1

Current Opinion1

Initiation3

Complexes3

Proliferation6

Polarity2

Cytokinesis6

Molecules2

Impairs1

Mitotic cell1

Structures2

Mechanism2

Chromosomes4

Organelles4

Basal bodies2

19991

Plasticity2

Generate2

Cilia1

Meiotic1

Budding yeast1

Organisms1

Mammalian cells1

Apoptosis4

Anaphase2

Regulatory2

Behaviour2

Membrane3

Biology2

Central spindle2

Spindle assembly1

Centrosomes2

Differentiation1

Distinct1

Isoforms1

Interphase1

Drosophila2

Molecular3

Complex3

Intracellular1

Progression2

Actin network3

Fibers1

Interaction1