Eukaryotic cells cell division cycle protein with kinase cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Reversible phosphorylation of proteins by kinases and phosphatases plays a key regulatory role in several eukaryotic cellular functions including the control of the division cycle. (bibbase.org)
Phosphorylation assays also revealed that at least three kinase complexes (Cdc2Ms A/B, D and F) were successively active in G2/M cells after synchronization. (bibbase.org)
however tyrosine phosphorylation was indicated in the case of Cdc2Ms A kinase and the p13suc1-bound kinase activity was increased by treatment of this complex with recombinant Drosophila Cdc25. (bibbase.org)
article{meszaros_multiple_2000, title = {Multiple cyclin-dependent kinase complexes and phosphatases control {G2}/{M} progression in alfalfa cells}, volume = {43}, issn = {1573-5028}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006412413671}, doi = {10/cb64mn}, abstract = {Reversible phosphorylation of proteins by kinases and phosphatases plays a key regulatory role in several eukaryotic cellular functions including the control of the division cycle. (bibbase.org)
In mouse hepatocytes, p38γ induces proliferation after partial hepatectomy by promoting the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein at known CDK target residues. (nature.com)
The N-terminal phosphorylation of RB by p38 bypasses its inactivation by CDKs and prevents proliferation in cancer cells. (nature.com)
We have shown that Ypk1, a member of the AGC class of protein kinases conserved from yeast to humans, is the essential target of and activated via phosphorylation by the plasma membrane-associated TORC2 complex. (berkeley.edu)
Prevailing models posit that a key trigger of SAC signaling is the phosphorylation of the kinetochore scaffold KNL1 by the SAC kinase MPS1. (rupress.org)
My thesis work was on the understanding of the regulation of the morphogenesis and cell division by serine/threonine phosphorylation in the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae . (fems-microbiology.org)
Combining what I had been studying in PhD and Postdoc, I am currently investigating at MMSB the molecular mechanism of antibiotics escape in Streptococcus pneumoniae with a focus on the role of serine/threonine phosphorylation regarding antibiotic stress, and more generally how this bacterium grows and divides. (fems-microbiology.org)
The field of research of bacterial serine/threonine phosphorylation is fairly new, and while the advance of phosphoproteomics allowed to detect an increasing number of proteins that are phosphorylated in bacteria, biosensors able to report phosphorylation in single bacterial cells are still lacking, compared to the vast array of phosphorylation biosensors designed for eukaryotic cells. (fems-microbiology.org)
One of the big advantages of biosensors is to be able to analyze phosphorylation in a non-destructive way as this analysis can be done in living cells, while phosphoproteomics requires a destructive sample preparation. (fems-microbiology.org)
Biosensors also allow to study the heterogeneity of phosphorylation in a given cell population, as it could be the case in response to antibiotics stress. (fems-microbiology.org)
These sensors allow us to gain crucial insights about the dynamics of StkP substrates phosphorylation and pave the way toward a better understanding of pneumococcal cell division. (fems-microbiology.org)
The phosphorylation mediated by serine/threonine kinases has been associated to antibiotics escape including resistance, tolerance and persistence phenomenon in various bacterial species. (fems-microbiology.org)
Inactivated by PKR/EIF2AK2- and WEE1-mediated phosphorylation upon DNA damage to stop cell cycle and genome replication at the G2 checkpoint thus facilitating DNA repair. (arigobio.cn)
In proliferating cells, CDK1-mediated FOXO1 phosphorylation at the G2-M phase represses FOXO1 interaction with 14-3-3 proteins and thereby promotes FOXO1 nuclear accumulation and transcription factor activity, leading to cell death of postmitotic neurons. (arigobio.cn)
The reversible phosphorylation of proteins on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues represents a fundamental strategy used by eukaryotic organisms to regulate a host of biological functions, including DNA replication, cell cycle progression, energy metabolism, and cell growth and differentiation. (rupress.org)
Levels of cellular protein phosphorylation are modulated both by protein kinases and phosphatases. (rupress.org)
Protein phosphorylation can regulate enzyme function, mediate protein-protein interactions, alter subcellular localization, and control protein stability. (rupress.org)
To fully understand this complex and essential regulatory process, the kinases and phosphatases mediating the changes in cellular phosphorylation must be identified and characterized. (rupress.org)
The accumulation of hTopBP1 on chromatin and its subsequent interaction with hRad9 lead to cell cycle arrest, a process mediated by Chk1 phosphorylation and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) activation. (biomedcentral.com)
At present, it remains poorly understood how DDK docks onto the helicase and how the kinase targets distal Mcm subunits for phosphorylation. (imperial.ac.uk)
These findings suggest that parasite proteins are able to inhibit erythroid cell growth by down-regulation of ezrin phosphorylation, leading to ineffective erythropoiesis ultimately resulting in severe malarial anaemia. (biomedcentral.com)
Many molecular pathways in eukaryotic cells are modulated by specific signaling proteins that are controlled, by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, through the activity of kinase and phosphatase enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
The level of protein phosphorylation at specific sites varies from less than 1% to greater than 90%, depending on conditions [ 26 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Here we demonstrate that p38 MAPK gamma (p38γ) acts as a CDK-like kinase and thus cooperates with CDKs, regulating entry into the cell cycle. (nature.com)
Activation of the pheromone receptor-coupled G protein initiates a four-tiered cascade of protein kinases, ultimately resulting in stimulation of a messenger-activated protein kinase or MAPK (Fus3) that translocates into the nucleus. (berkeley.edu)
We also found that BPTF knockdown downregulated the expression of the phosphorylated Erk1/2, PI3K and Akt proteins and induced the cleavage of caspase-8, caspase-7 and PARP proteins, thereby inhibiting the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling and activating apoptotic pathway. (oncotarget.com)

The Cdc7/Dbf4 kinase complex, along with another serine-threonine kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk), phosphorylates the pre-RC which activates it at the G1/S transition. (wikipedia.org)
In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. (kegg.jp)
This kinase is acknowledged as a central regulator of pneumococcal cell division and cell wall synthesis, but it is still not understood when and in which order StkP phosphorylates its substrates in the course of the cell cycle. (fems-microbiology.org)
It is a component of the kinase complex that phosphorylates the repetitive C-terminus of RNA polymerase II. (caslab.com)
It phosphorylates eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (EEF2), an abundant cytoplasmic protein that catalyzes the movement of the ribosome along mRNA during translation in eukaryotic cells, and inhibits the EEF2 function (1). (signalchem.com)
Activation of ATR phosphorylates a number of downstream proteins that coordinate the cell cycle checkpoint. (biomedcentral.com)

Identification of a new class of protein kinases represented by eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase. (signalchem.com)

ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation. (kegg.jp)
We propose that a protein-phosphatase, by up-regulating the APC and by stabilizing the CKI, plays an essential role at Finish. (ox.ac.uk)
STP, serine/threonine protein phosphatase. (rupress.org)
The cdc25 gene product is a tyrosine phosphatase that acts as an initiator of M-phase in eukaryotic cell cycles by activating p34 cdc2 . (biologists.com)
The authors have previously reported that the Salmonella typhimurium SigD protein, a phosphatidylinositol phosphatase involved in invasion of the host cell, inhibits yeast growth, presumably by depleting an essential pool of phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bis phosphate, and also that a catalytically inactive version, SigD R468A , was able to arrest growth by a different mechanism that involved disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. (microbiologyresearch.org)
It is concluded that the Salmonella SigD protein deprived of its phosphatase activity is able to disrupt yeast morphogenesis by interfering with Cdc42 function, opening the possibility that the SigD N-terminal region might directly modulate small GTPases from the host during infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)

It has been suggested that the protein is essential for initiation of DNA replication and that it plays a role in regulating cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. (kegg.jp)
CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. (kegg.jp)
Increasing numbers of sequence and biochemical data show the involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins in regulation of the cell cycle progression in higher plants. (bibbase.org)
Fig. 1 ), which in turn attracts to the kinetochore other SAC proteins that collectively prevent mitotic progression ( 3 ). (rupress.org)
Reactivated after successful DNA repair through WIP1-dependent signaling leading to CDC25A/B/C-mediated dephosphorylation and restoring cell cycle progression. (arigobio.cn)
Most eukaryotic cells use the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to ensure faithful chromosome segregation in each round of cell division by delaying mitotic progression until all chromosomes are properly attached to spindle microtubules at their kinetochores. (biologists.com)
Similar to the published data in Xenopus and zebrafish, the chordate tunicate P. mammillata showed pH3 oscillations and continued to cycle, while multiple species of sea urchin (echinoderms), the mussel M. galloprovincialis (a mollusk), and the jellyfish C. hemisphaerica (a cnidarian) delayed mitotic progression. (biologists.com)
Nim1-related kinases coordinate cell cycle progression with the organization of the peripheral cytoskeleton in yeast. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Using straightforward biochemical kinetics, we show that these two states can be created by antagonistic interactions between cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) and their foes: the cyclin-degradation machinery (APC) and a stoichiometric inhibitor (CKI). (ox.ac.uk)
Treatment with the Mps1 inhibitor reversine shortened the nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest and restored cell cycle timing, which confirms the SAC dependence of the mitotic arrest. (biologists.com)
Forced expression of NBPF1 in HEK293T cells resulted in a G1 cell cycle arrest that was accompanied by upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 CIP1/WAF1 in a p53-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)

The Cdc7/Dbf4 complex adds a phosphate group to the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein complex allowing for the initiation of DNA replication in mitosis (as explained in the Cdc7 and Replication section below). (wikipedia.org)
After chromatin undergoes changes in telophase of mitosis, the hexameric protein complex of MCM proteins 2-7 forms part of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) by binding to the chromatin and other aiding proteins (Cdc6 and Cdt1). (wikipedia.org)
The main goal of mitosis is to accurately segregate chromosomes, such that each daughter cell inherits a full complement of genetic information. (rupress.org)
Luckily, eukaryotic cells not only possess an error-correction machinery deputed to rectify faulty attachments ( 2 ), but they also have a safeguard device, called the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), that temporarily halts cells in mitosis to provide them with the necessary time window to fix the errors. (rupress.org)
Mitosis is the part of the cell cycle that involves cell division, but the average cell spends 90 percent of its life in interphase, which simply means the cell is living and growing and not dividing. (sciencing.com)
The second phase is mitosis, or M phase, which is when cell division occurs. (sciencing.com)
Prokaryotic cell division is called binary fission instead of mitosis. (sciencing.com)
Once a cell divides, that is the end of the mitosis phase, and it immediately starts interphase again. (sciencing.com)
When scientists discovered the busy, fundamental cellular work of mitosis under the microscope, they interpreted the relatively less dramatic interphase to be a resting, or pausing phase between cell divisions. (sciencing.com)
It is required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. (caslab.com)
During the growth phase, the parasite undergoes multiple asynchronous rounds of mitosis with segregation of uncondensed chromosomes followed by nuclear division with an intact nuclear envelope. (iu.edu)
This form of division is termed closed mitosis, and it is considered to be the most ancient mechanism of eukaryotic cell division. (iu.edu)
hence, cells can leave mitosis in the absence of cyclin degradation or in the absence of the CKI. (ox.ac.uk)
Cytokinesis must only occur after chromosomes have segregated during mitosis to ensure each daughter cell receives the proper complement of genetic material. (umassmed.edu)
They monitored the mitotic marker phospho-histone H3 (pH3) over time to assess whether each species arrests in mitosis or continues to cycle through cell division, thus demonstrating whether embryos respond to or lack SAC signaling, respectively. (biologists.com)
Experimental schematic (A) and two examples of different responses to nocodazole treatment, where the tunicate P. mammillata continues to cycle through cell divisions (B) and the sea star H. attenuata arrests in mitosis (C). From Figure 1. (biologists.com)
The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of the parent cell splits into two identical nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)

The protein is a serine-threonine kinase that is activated by another protein called either Dbf4 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae or ASK in mammals. (wikipedia.org)
The research that I presented with my poster are the preliminary results regarding the development of such sensors in the bacterium S. pneumoniae , which encodes a single serine/threonine kinase called StkP. (fems-microbiology.org)

Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. (kegg.jp)
Comparative analysis of these pathways relies on network alignment methods, much the same way as sequence matching and alignments are used for individual genes and proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
These methods have been previously applied to detection of ortholog proteins, projection of functional pathways, and construction of phylogenetic trees. (biomedcentral.com)
While most molecular biologists thought signaling pathways worked by sensing signals extrinsic to the cell and relaying the information to the nucleus, Elledge was proposing an internal signaling pathway that senses cell-intrinsic events. (the-scientist.com)
In this review, we highlight that many of the key regulatory pathways of the cell are recruited by motifs and that the ease of motif acquisition has resulted in large networks of co-regulated biomolecules. (biomedcentral.com)
Through extensive biochemical and genetic analysis, we now know that pathways are not simply switched on with kinases and off with phosphatases. (rupress.org)
This post-translational control of eukaryotic cellular machinery is a hallmark of pathways that respond to different stimuli. (biomedcentral.com)
The regulation of complex and dynamic signal transduction proteins contributes to the destination of targeting proteins and the signal transduction of cell growth, and exposure to parasites can also influence signaling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results provide an evolutionary perspective on H3.3's conserved role in maintaining the transcriptional landscape of cells and on the emergence of specialized chromatin assembly pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Therefore, our data indicate that BPTF plays an essential role in cell growth and survival by targeting multiply signaling pathways in human lung cancers. (oncotarget.com)

Transmembrane and intracellular signal transduction mechanisms are the focus of our group, especially understanding how extracellular stimuli control cell growth and division, cell morphology, and gene expression at the biochemical level. (berkeley.edu)

CDC2 is a catalytic subunit of the highly conserved protein kinase complex known as M-phase promoting factor (MPF) , which is essential for G1/S and G2/M phase transitions of eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)
EEF2K is a highly conserved calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that links activation of cell surface receptors to cell division. (signalchem.com)

A substantial portion of the regulatory interactions in the higher eukaryotic cell are mediated by simple sequence motifs in the regulatory segments of genes and (pre-)mRNAs, and in the intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Through its interactions with other proteins via its BRCT domains, hTopBP1 performs diverse functions [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These proteins display interactions and are involved in the regulation of the cellular cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
Possible biological interactions between the differentially regulated proteins were investigated with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool. (biomedcentral.com)

Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated. (kegg.jp)
We have recently shown that this same pathway modulates the content of integral membrane proteins and, in collaborative studies, that it is also involved in maintenance of the sterol composition of the plasma membrane. (berkeley.edu)
Then I thought, there must be a sensory pathway that recognizes the DNA damage that's going on in the cell," says Elledge. (the-scientist.com)
Adding further complexity to this picture is the fact that both kinases and phosphatases can function in signaling networks where multiple kinases and phosphatases contribute to the outcome of a pathway. (rupress.org)
Human DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (hTopBP1) plays an important role in DNA replication and the DNA damage checkpoint pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) signaling cascade is an important pathway involved in the checkpoint control mechanism [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This pathway is present in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans, animals, and even some fungi. (welleasy.co.uk)
Krebs cycle) is an important aerobic pathway for the final steps of the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids. (easyomics.org)

Studying RNR2' s regulatory elements, he found those that were necessary to induce the production of higher protein levels in response to DNA damage and identified factors that bind these DNA elements to mediate the response of RNR2 to DNA damage. (the-scientist.com)

Concurrent deletion of cyclin E1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 in hepatocytes inhibits DNA replication and liver regeneration in mice. (nature.com)
This effect is counteracted by Dma1p, which normally inhibits the SIN during checkpoint activation to preserve cell viability until damage is repaired. (umassmed.edu)

Stephen Elledge has built a career studying how eukaryotic cells maintain genomic integrity. (the-scientist.com)
In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
Defects in the ability of cells to properly respond to and repair DNA damage result in genomic instability and underlie many forms of cancer. (mdanderson.org)

They are not individual living organisms, but cells that exist as cooperating units of larger organisms. (sciencing.com)
Given the variability of SAC signaling between organisms and cell size, the authors used a multi-species comparative analysis to determine if the SAC activity and response correlated with any particular cellular characteristic or evolutionary group. (biologists.com)
Since cell size has been shown to affect the strength of the SAC, the authors compared the cell size, kinetochore number, and kinetochore-to-cell volume ratio in 2-celled embryos of their species and additionally analyzed previous published data from the model organisms, C. elegans , D. melanogaster , and X. laevis . (biologists.com)
Most of the cells that make up higher organisms, like vertebrate animals and flowering plants, reproduce via a process called cell division. (visionlearning.com)
advanced organisms-including animals, plants, fungi, and protists-whose cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. (visionlearning.com)
mostly one-celled organisms, bacteria for example, whose cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. (visionlearning.com)

The molecular replicative machinery utilized by the Plasmodium parasite, as well as whether the parasite uses local and global checkpoints to control the timing of DNA replication and nuclear division, remain a major gap of knowledge in the biology of the parasite. (iu.edu)
He mentioned this to David Stillman , who was at Stanford to interview for a faculty position, and who studied cell cycle regulation of proteins as a postdoc in Kim Nasmyth 's lab at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in the U.K. Stillman pointed out that ribonucleotide reductase was cell cycle regulated-rather than remaining stable, the RNA and protein levels fluctuate throughout the cell cycle. (the-scientist.com)

We discuss how co-operativity allows simple static motifs to perform the conditional regulation that underlies decision-making in higher eukaryotic biological systems. (biomedcentral.com)

EEF2K is involved in the regulation of protein synthesis. (signalchem.com)
Protein synthesis: mTOR promotes the formation of new proteins, which are vital for cell growth and repair. (welleasy.co.uk)
Balanced diet: Consuming a diet rich in nutrients, particularly amino acids like leucine (found in foods like meat, fish, dairy, and legumes), can help activate mTOR and support protein synthesis. (welleasy.co.uk)

Silencing of the spindle assembly checkpoint involves two protein phosphatases, PP1 and PP2A-B56, that are thought to extinguish checkpoint signaling through dephosphorylation of a checkpoint scaffold at kinetochores. (rupress.org)
https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202002020 ) now show that a critical function of these phosphatases in checkpoint silencing is removal of Polo kinase at kinetochores, which would otherwise autonomously sustain the checkpoint. (rupress.org)
2) Secondly, we sought to define how cells negatively regulate cytokinesis through investigation of Dma1p, a spindle checkpoint protein implicated in inhibition of cytokinesis. (umassmed.edu)
hTopBP1 and hMYH were involved in ATR-mediated Chk1 activation, moreover, both of them were associated with ATR and hRad9 which known as checkpoint-involved proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, we investigated several cell cycle-related proteins and found that co-knockdown of hTopBP1 and hMYH significantly diminished cell cycle arrest due to compromised checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) activation. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, we suggest that the interaction between hMYH and hTopBP1 is crucial for activation of the ATR-mediated cell cycle checkpoint. (biomedcentral.com)
Human DNA topoisomerase II-binding protein 1 (TopBP1) and its orthologs play important roles in DNA replication and checkpoint control [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The authors confirmed these mitotic delays were due to SAC activation by inhibiting the SAC kinase Mps1, which usually recruits other checkpoint proteins at unattached kinetochores. (biologists.com)
Second, growth inhibition by SigD R468A was mediated by a cell cycle arrest in G2 dependent on the Swe1 morphogenetic checkpoint, but SigD-induced growth inhibition was cell cycle independent. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 controls TNF-α translation in LPS-induced hepatitis. (nature.com)
Detection of anti-elongation factor 2 kinase (calmodulin-dependent protein kinase III) antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (signalchem.com)

A set of cdc2-related genes (cdc2Ms A, B, D and F) was expressed in G2 and M cells. (bibbase.org)
CDK1, also named as CDC2, belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family and CDC2/CDKX subfamily.CDC2 plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (caslab.com)
BPTF knockdown by siRNA also upregulated the cell cycle inhibitors such as p21 and p18 but inhibited the expression of cyclin D, phospho-Rb and phospho-cdc2 in lung cancer cells. (oncotarget.com)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. (kegg.jp)
We observe that each gene and its products have a unique set of DNA, RNA or protein motifs that encode a regulatory program to define the logical circuitry that guides the life cycle of these biomolecules, from transcription to degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we contrast the regulatory properties of protein motifs and the regulatory elements of DNA and (pre-)mRNAs, advocating that co-regulation, co-operativity, and motif-driven regulatory programs are common mechanisms that emerge from the use of simple, evolutionarily plastic regulatory modules. (biomedcentral.com)
This occurs through specific modulation of regulatory proteins during the host-pathogen interaction, especially proteins with roles in pathogenesis [ 27 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CDC7 gene. (wikipedia.org)
The Cdc7 kinase is involved in regulation of the cell cycle at the point of chromosomal DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
this means that most eukaryotic cells have the Cdc7 kinase protein. (wikipedia.org)
The gene, CDC7, is involved in the regulation of cell cycle because of the gene product Cdc7 kinase. (wikipedia.org)
Because the two proteins, Cdc7 and Dbf4, must form a complex before activating the MCM complex, the regulation of one protein is sufficient for both. (wikipedia.org)
In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), Cdc7 is needed for proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
Since Cdc7 is attached to the Dbf4 protein the entire complex is held in place during replication. (wikipedia.org)
The Dbf4-dependent Cdc7 kinase (DDK) initiates replisome assembly by phosphorylating the MCM2-7 replicative helicase at the N-terminal tails of Mcm2, Mcm4 and Mcm6. (imperial.ac.uk)

So far limited research efforts have been devoted to the functions of phosphatases in the control of plant cell division. (bibbase.org)
The protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A-B56 are recruited to kinetochores through binding to KNL1 and BUBR1, respectively, and are thought to silence the SAC through dephosphorylation of the MELT repeats of KNL1, thus antagonizing MPS1 activity ( Fig. 1 ). (rupress.org)
Although the importance of kinases in this process has long been recognized, an appreciation for the complex and fundamental role of phosphatases is more recent. (rupress.org)
Furthermore, kinases and phosphatases may work together to modulate the strength of a signal. (rupress.org)
A variety of approaches, including biochemical purification, gene isolation by homology, and genetic screens, have been successfully used for the identification of putative protein kinases and phosphatases. (rupress.org)

Walther Flemming (Figure 2), a 19th century professor at the Institute for Anatomy in Kiel, Germany, was the first to document the details of cellular division. (visionlearning.com)

Cdk1 (cyclin-dependent kinase 1), also known as p34Cdc2 (cell division control protein kinase 2) depends on cyclin A and B and is triggered by a positive feedback loop at the end of G2 phase, which is the key event that initiates mitotic entry. (arigobio.cn)

The product encoded by this gene is predominantly localized in the nucleus and is a cell division cycle protein with kinase activity. (wikipedia.org)
The gene coding for the Dbf4 or ASK protein is regulated during the different phases of cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
The intra- and intertumor heterogeneity of cell types and gene mutations as well as the complexity of the microenvironment contribute to limiting the efficacy of the current therapeutic options for high grade glioma. (mdpi.com)
The number of encoded NBPF/DUF1220 repeats varies from 4 to 52 copies, depending on the gene member and the NBPF1 protein has 7 repeats [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This study explores the use of a simple human neurosphere-based in vitro model to characterise the pharmacological and toxicological effects of LiCl and VPA using gene expression changes linked to phenotypic alterations in cells. (plos.org)
In addition, in order to phenotypically anchor the gene expression data, changes in the heterogeneity of cell subtype populations and cell cycle phase were monitored using flow cytometry. (plos.org)

This is most likely due to the change in conformation allowing the remainder of replication machinery proteins to be loaded. (wikipedia.org)

Interaction between alfalfa mitotic cyclin (Medsa;CycB2;1) and a kinase partner has been reported previously. (bibbase.org)
The cell cycle is a tightly regulated process that is controlled by the conserved cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin protein complex 1 . (nature.com)
Malumbres, M. Cyclin-dependent kinases. (nature.com)
Lundberg, A. S. & Weinberg, R. A. Functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein requires sequential modification by at least two distinct cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)
A molecule called cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) regulates the cell cycle. (sciencing.com)
Destruction of cyclin B during metaphase results in inactivation of Cdk1, allowing mitotic exit and cell division. (arigobio.cn)
We found Sid1p is additionally controlled by Cyclin Dependent Kinase activity, uncovering an important link between mitotic events and initiation of cytokinesis. (umassmed.edu)

p38γ and δ promote heart hypertrophy by targeting the mTOR-inhibitory protein DEPTOR for degradation. (nature.com)

How does each nucleus cycle independently? (iu.edu)
A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species. (lookformedical.com)
In cell division, a cell makes a copy of its DNA and then separates itself into two identical cells - each with its own copy of DNA enveloped inside a nucleus. (visionlearning.com)
He began a series of live observations under the microscope using dyed samples of animal tissues and found that a particular mass of material inside the nucleus of cells absorbed the dye quite well. (visionlearning.com)

Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. (kegg.jp)

The Draviam lab aims to understand the molecular principles that govern cell division and the consequence of its failure when cells transition between states during differentiation. (qmul.ac.uk)
The results illuminate the molecular mechanism of a critical biochemical step in the licensing of eukaryotic replication origins. (imperial.ac.uk)
In this study, a phosphoproteomic approach was performed to dissect the molecular mechanism of phosphoprotein regulation, which is involved in the inhibitory effect of parasites on erythroid cell development. (biomedcentral.com)
We demonstrated that NBPF1 exerts different tumor suppressive effects, depending on the cell line analyzed, and provide new clues into the molecular mechanism of the enigmatic NBPF proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotic cells can rapidly adjust their transcriptional profile in response to molecular needs. (biomedcentral.com)

Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)

Localization of Cdc2Ms F kinase to the preprophase band (PPB), the perinuclear ring in early prophase, the mitotic spindle and the phragmoplast indicated a pivotal role for this kinase in mitotic plant cells. (bibbase.org)

The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
In previously reports , Plasmodium vivax was found to be able to directly inhibited erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, in vitro cultures of erythroid cells derived from haematopoietic stem cells has demonstrated that P. vivax is able to directly inhibit erythroid cell proliferation and differentiation [ 22 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Knockdown of BPTF by siRNA significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and arrested cell cycle progress from G1 to S phase. (oncotarget.com)

We investigated control mechanisms that regulate the activity, localization, and stability of Wee1, especially the bud neck-localized protein kinase Hsl1 and its more distant paralogs (Gin4 and Kcc4), in particular their recruitment to septin filaments, which assemble at the presumptive site of cell division. (berkeley.edu)
3) How does the cell protect genome stability in response to DNA replication stress? (mdanderson.org)

The S. cerevisiae ORC binds to specific DNA sequences throughout the cell cycle but becomes active only when it binds to the replication initiator Cdc6. (imperial.ac.uk)

The present yeast two-hybrid analyses showed differential interaction between defined D-type cyclins and Cdc2Ms kinases functioning in G2/M phases. (bibbase.org)
The protein interaction landscape of the human CMGC kinase group. (nature.com)

Although expression levels of the protein appear to be constant throughout the cell cycle, the protein kinase activity appears to increase during S phase. (wikipedia.org)
Endothall elevated the kinase activity of p13suc1-bound fractions in G2-phase alfalfa cells. (bibbase.org)
To tackle this, I constructed different fluorescent hybrid proteins able to report StkP activity in single pneumococcal cells, or interacting specifically with its phosphorylated substrates. (fems-microbiology.org)
Sample Kinase Activity Plot. (signalchem.com)
Then hTopBP1 interacts with ATR-ATRIP through its ATR-activating domain (AD) and stimulates ATR kinase activity [ 8 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, they find no correlation between SAC activity and cell size, chromosome number, or kinetochore-to-cell volume ratio. (biologists.com)
mTOR is a protein kinase, which means it's an enzyme that adds phosphate groups to other proteins, thereby regulating their activity. (welleasy.co.uk)
In vitro GAP activity towards RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 is not a prerequisite for YopE induced HeLa cell cytotoxicity. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Her research is focused on understanding how cells respond to DNA damage and safeguard the integrity of the genome. (mdanderson.org)

Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase 5 Is Required for Release of Egress-Specific Organelles in Plasmodium falciparum . (iu.edu)
During the asexual stage of the life cycle, Plasmodium falciparum replicates via schizogony, a division mode that can be divided into a growth phase and a budding phase. (iu.edu)

The outcome of this decision-making process is cell state dependent and, consequently, requires the integration of vast amounts of information that is encoded in the local abundance and functional state of a multitude of biomolecules acting as cell state sensors and transmitters. (biomedcentral.com)
Amyloidosis is a group of diseases characterized by abnormal aggregation of proteins to form amyloid fibrils, and subsequent deposition in various tissues and organs, which can lead to severe functional failures. (elifesciences.org)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESc) can also be used to analyze the in vitro development from undifferentiated pluripotent cells leading to terminally differentiated cell types, recapitulating the process of early embryonic development [5] . (plos.org)
In in vitro experiments, curcumin has been shown to suppress the aggregation and cytotoxicity of Aβ, αSyn, islet amyloid precursor protein, ATTR, and prion protein ( Stefani and Rigacci, 2013 ). (elifesciences.org)

Our results indicate that Cac2 and Hir1 have distinct localization patterns during different stages of the Tetrahymena life cycle and suggest that Cac2 might be dispensable for chromatin assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
In most eukaryotes, two classes of histones have been described: (1) replicative or canonical histones, expressed only during the S phase of the cell cycle, which are assembled onto chromatin in a DNA replication-dependent (RD) manner, and (2) variant histones, which differ in their primary amino acid sequences, are expressed throughout the cell cycle, and can be deposited in a replication-independent (RI) fashion [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

They contain much more genetic material than a prokaryote, so the process of cell division is also much more complex. (sciencing.com)

We investigated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR the expression profile of a panel of genes important in cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)

Interphase is the first of two phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (sciencing.com)
Of course, in practice, the cell cycle happens fluidly, but scientists have demarcated phases and subphases within the process in order to better comprehend the microscopic building blocks of life. (sciencing.com)

Cloning and subcellular localization of a human phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase, PIKfyve/Fab1. (microbiologyresearch.org)

After translation, where is a protein localised, and what complexes should it join? (biomedcentral.com)

The goal of this thesis was to characterize how cells regulate signaling of cytokinesis, both positively and negatively, during cell division using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model organism. (umassmed.edu)

The pheromone receptors have seven hydrophobic segments and are coupled to a heterotrimeric G protein. (berkeley.edu)
Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are generated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) that express neurotransmitter receptors. (nature.com)

The amino-terminal non-catalytic region of Salmonella typhimurium SigD affects actin organization in yeast and mammalian cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)

J Cell Biol (2020) 219 (12): e202010053. (rupress.org)
Nat Cell Biol 24(7):1154-1164, 2022. (mdanderson.org)
J Cell Biol (2000) 150 (2): F57-F62. (rupress.org)

Lysed IE significantly inhibited gEC growth at 48 and 72 h and cell division resulting in the accumulation of cells in G0 phase. (biomedcentral.com)
Whilst LiCl exposure did not significantly alter the proportion of cells expressing markers for stem cells/undifferentiated cells (Oct4, SSEA4), neurons (Neurofilament M), astrocytes (GFAP) or cell cycle phase, the drug caused a 1.4-fold increase in total cell number. (plos.org)

Considering the conservation of cell cycle regulators in the eukaryotic kingdom, it is likely that similar mechanisms to control cytokinesis exist in humans. (umassmed.edu)
From experiments in the 1870s to research more than 100 years later, scientists have made fascinating discoveries about the complex series of events that allow the cells in plants and animals, including humans, to grow and sustain life. (visionlearning.com)

An autoimmune disease that is the abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies or T cells against cells and/or tissues in the cardiovascular system. (mcw.edu)

The cell synthesizes molecules, such as ribonucleic acid (RNA) and various proteins. (sciencing.com)

Prokaryotes typically only have one chromosome that is not even contained by a nuclear membrane, and they lack the organelles that other kinds of cells have. (sciencing.com)
During binary fission, a prokaryotic cell makes a copy of its chromosome, and then attaches each sister copy of the chromosome to an opposing side of its cell membrane. (sciencing.com)
Irreversible transitions between these two self-maintaining steady states drive progress through the cell cycle: at "Start" a cell leaves the G1 state and commences chromosome replication, and at "Finish" the cell separates the products of replication to the incipient daughter cells and re-enters G1. (ox.ac.uk)
The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. (lookformedical.com)
In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1). (lookformedical.com)

Anatomy23

Organisms15

Chemicals and Drugs122

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes75

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Phosphorylation26

MAPK3

Phosphorylates6

Class of protein kinases1

Phosphatase6

Progression9

Inhibitor3

Mitosis17

Serine-threon2

Pathways11

Signal Transduction1

Highly conserved2

Interactions4

Pathway8

Response to DNA damage1

Inhibits2

Genomic4

Organisms6

Biology2

Biological1

Synthesis3

Checkpoint9

Elongation2

CDC23

Regulatory4

CDC78

Phosphatases5

Cellular1

P34CDC21

Gene6

Replication machinery proteins1

Cyclin7

Degradation1

Nucleus4

CDKs1

Molecular5

Machinery1

Spindle1

Proliferation5

Stability2

Cdc61

Interaction2

Activity8

Respond to DNA damage1

Plasmodium2

Functional2

Vitro2

Chromatin2

Genetic1

Genes1

Phases2

Subcellular1

Complexes1

Negatively1

Receptors2

Yeast and mammalian1

Biol3

Significantly2

Humans2

Antibodies1

Molecules1

Chromosome5