• is compatible with a role in regulating Ca 2+ channel activity or SNARE [soluble N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein (SNAP) receptor] complex function in vesicle fusion. (jneurosci.org)
  • This gene encodes soluble NSF attachment protein gamma. (antibodies-online.com)
  • The soluble NSF attachment proteins (SNAPs) enable N-ethyl-maleimide-sensitive fusion protein (NSF) to bind to target membranes. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Martin HG, Henley JM, Meyer G. ( 2006 ) Novel putative targets of N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion protein (NSF) and alpha/beta soluble NSF attachment proteins (SNAPs) include the Pak-binding nucleotide exchange factor betaPIX. (neurotree.org)
  • The essential membrane fusion apparatus in mammalian cells, the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex, consists of four alpha-helices formed by three proteins: SNAP-25, syntaxin 1, and synaptobrevin 2. (nih.gov)
  • Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) make up the core machinery that mediates membrane fusion. (bvsalud.org)
  • Following membrane fusion SNARE complexes are dissociated by the NSFs (N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE-SENSITIVE FACTORS), in conjunction with SOLUBLE NSF ATTACHMENT PROTEIN, i.e. (uchicago.edu)
  • Proteins of the SNARE family (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors) are necessary to bring the membranes of a small vesicle and a cell membrane into close contact to promote fusion. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • In this model, the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein (SNAP) receptor (SNARE) proteins syntaxin-1, SNAP-25, and synaptobrevin form tight complexes that bring the membranes together and are crucial for membrane fusion. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Consistent with this, dynamin and a-SNAP (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein-attachment protein) mutants which block trafficking at the plasma membrane do not abrogate the effect of synaptophysin I on VAMP2 sorting. (uninsubria.it)
  • An abundance of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor adaptor protein receptors. (kegg.jp)
  • and the cytosolic proteins N-ethylmalemide sensitive factor (NSF), a trimeric ATPase required for membrane fusion, and the α-β-Y-SNAPs (soluble NSF attachment proteins), which function in binding NSF to the membrane [10,14] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • During this process, SNARE proteins on two joining membranes (usually a vesicle and a target membrane such as the plasma membrane) form a complex, with the α-helical domains of the SNAREs coiling around each other and forming a very stable four-helix bundle. (wikipedia.org)
  • SNARE Proteins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "SNARE Proteins" by people in this website by year, and whether "SNARE Proteins" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "SNARE Proteins" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • Syntaxins are membrane integrated Q-SNARE proteins known to participate in exocytosis. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Although the members of Q-SNARE proteins are characterized in somatic cells, it is not known whether related proteins function in the sperm acrosome reaction. (ommegaonline.org)
  • As SNAREs intertwine, they pull the vesicle towards the target membrane, excluding water and promoting fusion of the vesicle with the target membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • NSF unravels SNARE complexes once membrane fusion has occurred, using the hydrolysis of ATP as an energy source, allowing the dissociated SNAREs to be recycled for reuse in further rounds of membrane fusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • SNAREs, syntaxin, synaptosome-associated protein (SNAP), and synaptobrevin form a tight SNARE complex that brings the vesicle and plasma membranes together and is essential for membrane fusion. (bvsalud.org)
  • SNAREs contribute to the specificity of membrane fusion. (kegg.jp)
  • SNAREs and the specificity of membrane fusion. (kegg.jp)
  • The specificity of vesicle trafficking: coat proteins and SNAREs. (kegg.jp)
  • NSF and SNAPs appear to be general components of the intracellular membrane fusion apparatus, and their action at specific sites of fusion must be controlled by SNAP receptors particular to the membranes being fused. (antibodies-online.com)
  • 2007 ) GISP: a novel brain-specific protein that promotes surface expression and function of GABA(B) receptors. (neurotree.org)
  • Using this framework to analyze the SM (Sec1/Munc18)-SNARE ( N -ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor activating protein receptor) system in exocytic membrane fusion in yeast and neurons, we find that the SM-SNARE network motifs of yeast and neurons show distinct dynamical behaviors. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), thrombospondin type 1 domain-containing 7A (TSHD7A), and neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 protein (NELL-1) are major autoantigens against podocyte antigens in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Part of synaptobrevin 2-SNAP-25-syntaxin-1a complex. (nih.gov)
  • In this study the tension-dependency of fusion using model membranes equipped with a minimal fusion machinery consisting of syntaxin 1, Synaptobrevin and SNAP 25 is addressed. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • In the present study, we have addressed the targeting of synaptobrevin 2/VAMP2 (vesicle-associated membrane protein 2), a critical component of the synaptic vesicle--fusion machinery, in a heterotypic context where its sorting is not confounded by the presence of other neuron-specific molecules. (uninsubria.it)
  • The cDNAs of SNAP-25, VAMP2, and Syntaxin 1A from Bombyx mori were inserted into a plasmid, transformed into Escherichia coli, and purified. (bvsalud.org)
  • We then produced antibodies against the SNAP-25, VAMP2, and Syntaxin 1A of Bombyx mori of rabbits and rats, which were used for immunohistochemistry. (bvsalud.org)
  • VAMP2 co-localized with SNAP-25 in the CX, and with Syntaxin 1A in the PI and DL. (bvsalud.org)
  • VAMP2, SNAP-25, and Syntaxin 1A are present in the CA. Bombyxin-immunohistochemical reactivities (IRs) of brain and CA overlapped with VAMP2-, SNAP-25, and Syntaxin 1A-IRs. (bvsalud.org)
  • VAMP (Vesicle-associated membrane protein), SNAP-25 (Synaptosome associated protein of 25 kDa) and Syntaxin constitute the basic SNARE complex. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NSF and SNAPs disassemble SNARE complexes and ensure that fusion occurs through an exquisitely regulated pathway that starts with Munc18-1 bound to a closed conformation of syntaxin-1. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We identify the closed binding mode of neuronal SM (Munc18-1) and SNARE (syntaxin-1) as the key factor leading to mechanistic divergence of membrane fusion systems in yeast and neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similarly, overexpression of CSP in chromaffin cells inhibited the extent of exocytosis and slowed the kinetics of individual release events, indicating a key role of CSP close to fusion pore opening during Ca 2+ -regulated exocytosis ( Graham and Burgoyne, 2000 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The product of this gene mediates platelet exocytosis and controls the membrane fusion events of this process. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Recently, miRNA exocytosis by vesicle fusion in response to stimulation was observed in chromaffin cells, which are neuroendocrine cells in the sympathetic nervous system ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Membrane fusion and exocytosis. (kegg.jp)
  • The acrosome reaction is analogous to regulated exocytosis in somatic cells in that both are initiated by ligand acting at the plasma membrane, both require activation of signaling pathways and ion channels, both are Ca 2+ -dependent and both result in the fusion of the plasma membrane with the membrane of a docked secretory granule (acrosome) [2,9,10] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • Two important pathways were examined in the current study: (1) a basic pathway of exocytosis that brings new proteins to the cell surface and permits the cell to grow, and (2) synaptic transmission, a specialized form of exocytosis, regulated by Ca 2+ entry, in which vesicles already present at synapses fuse with the membrane and recycle locally (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
  • A vesicle trafficking protein αSNAP regulates Paneth cell differentiation in vivo. (nih.gov)
  • they identified NSF after observing that a cytoplasmic factor, required for membrane fusions, was inactivated by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Orthologous to human NAPA (NSF attachment protein alpha). (nih.gov)
  • Previous studies suggest that the vesicular cysteine-string protein (CSP) may modulate presynaptic Ca 2+ channel activity in fast neurotransmitter release. (jneurosci.org)
  • Major recent advances and previous data have led to a plausible model of how key proteins mediate neurotransmitter release. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 2012 ) SNARE protein recycling by αSNAP and βSNAP supports synaptic vesicle priming Neuron . (neurotree.org)
  • 2010 ) SNARE protein recycling by αSNAP and βSNAP supports synaptic vesicle priming. (neurotree.org)
  • These results indicate that the sorting determinants of synaptic vesicle proteins can operate independently of a neuronal context and implicate the association of VAMP2 with synaptophysin I in the specification of the pathway of synaptic vesicle biogenesis. (uninsubria.it)
  • 2003 ) A brain-specific isoform of small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein binds to Hsc70 and the cysteine string protein. (neurotree.org)
  • As for many essential biological processes, intracellular membrane fusion is mediated by interactions among a series of evolutionarily conserved proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor, also known as NSF or N-ethylmaleimide sensitive fusion proteins, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the NSF gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biochemical and molecular dynamic simulation experiments revealed that the two substitutions do not regulate secretion by affecting the property of SNARE complex itself, but rather make the SNAP-25b-containing SNARE complex more available for the interaction with accessory factor(s). (nih.gov)
  • Recent Advances in Deciphering the Structure and Molecular Mechanism of the AAA+ ATPase N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor (NSF). (uchicago.edu)
  • Several patients with clinical features of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have fusion of the TEL (ETV6) gene on 12p13 with ABL on 9q34 and express a chimeric Tel-Abl protein that contains the same portion of the Abl tyrosine kinase fused to Tel, an Ets family transcription factor, rather than Bcr. (shengsci.com)
  • Fusion of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) added to the solution was followed by fluorescence microscopy. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Protein-protein interaction is not sufficient for the control of VAMP2 sorting, which is mediated by the C-terminal domain of synaptophysin I. Synaptophysin I directs the sorting of VAMP2 to vesicles before surface delivery, without influencing VAMP2 endocytosis. (uninsubria.it)
  • We applied the framework to study SM-SNARE-mediated exocytic membrane fusion processes in yeast and neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The exocyst complex, a set of eight proteins first identified from secretory mutants in yeast, is an attractive candidate for mediating directed traffic. (sdbonline.org)
  • It is proposed that membrane fusion is induced by, the formation of SNARE complexes, at the active zones in the plasma membrane that are composed many of different lipids and proteins. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Synaptotagmin-1 and complexin bind to partially assembled SNARE complexes, likely stabilizing them and preventing fusion until Ca2+ binding to synaptotagmin-1 causes dissociation from the SNARE complex and induces interactions with phospholipids that help trigger release. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The exocyst, like SNARE complexes, may be needed for all fusions at the plasma membrane both in developing and mature neurons, or it may be required only for particular forms of traffic (Murthy, 2003 and references therein). (sdbonline.org)
  • Thus, conditional temperature-sensitive mutations in the Drosophila melanogaster gene for NSF lead to a comatose behaviour at the restrictive temperature (and hence the gene is called comatose), presumably because neuronal functions are blocked. (wikipedia.org)
  • 60% of human protein-coding genes, mostly by binding to the 3′- untranslated region (3′UTR) of the target mRNAs ( 5 ) and, therefore, miRNAs affect gene expression networks of a variety of biological processes including development, apoptosis, proliferation, and metabolism ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Mutations of a gene sequence can modify the interfaces or domains of its protein product and lead to the emergence of new or loss of existing protein interaction patterns [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is alternatively spliced into two forms, SNAP-25a and SNAP-25b, differing by nine amino acids substitutions. (nih.gov)
  • Integrating the dynamics across species is particularly important in modeling cellular processes through protein interaction networks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many of the biological processes mediated by protein interaction networks are highly evolutionarily conserved or related across species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cytoHubba plug-in were used to identify hub genes from the protein-protein interaction network. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this paper, we show that Syntaxin17 is recruited to the outer membrane of autophagosomes to mediate fusion through its interactions with ubisnap (SNAP-29) and VAMP7 in Drosophila melanogaster . (rupress.org)
  • Find NAPG Proteins for a variety of species such as anti-Human NAPG, anti-Arabidopsis thaliana NAPG, anti-Mouse NAPG. (antibodies-online.com)
  • A superfamily of small proteins which are involved in the MEMBRANE FUSION events, intracellular protein trafficking and secretory processes. (uchicago.edu)
  • In contrast to the sperm acrosome reaction, the secretory pathway of somatic cells has received detailed characterization in recent years and a great deal has been learned of the processes regulating vesicle docking and fusion with the plasma membrane. (ommegaonline.org)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Mdm2 p53 Binding Protein Homolog from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing Protein 6 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
  • sec5 mutations have been identified and characterized in Drosophila in order to delineate the role of the protein in neurons and particularly at synapses. (sdbonline.org)
  • α-SNAP is expressed in mouse ovarian granulosa cells and plays a key role in folliculogenesis and female fertility. (nih.gov)
  • Ovarian cancer (OC) was the primary malignant gynecological cancer and SNARE protein is closely related with tumor progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Seeking ovarian cancer related SNAP proteins may help to reveal new mechanisms of invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer, and provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To mimic the natural fusion process for e.g. in neuronal cells, different model systems with artificial membranes containing the SNARE core complex were investigated. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • SNAP-25 was restricted to neurons in the PI and the CX of the brain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Neurons generate their polarity by directing membrane traffic to growing neurites and growth cones, and by sorting proteins differentially between the axon and dendrites. (sdbonline.org)
  • This protein is required for many aspects of membrane traffic within neurons, including the elaboration of neurites, but the release of neurotransmitter at the synapse is independent of this exocyst component (Murthy, 2003). (sdbonline.org)
  • Within neurons, multiple pathways are known to transport proteins and transmitters to the cell surface. (sdbonline.org)
  • The formation of a SNARE complex (composed of one each of the four different types SNARE domains (Qa, Qb, Qc, and R)) mediates MEMBRANE FUSION. (uchicago.edu)
  • With two artificial model systems the fusion of lipid membranes as a function of lateral membrane tension was investigated to seek a better understanding of fusion processes. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Another distinction that has been drawn contrasts the constitutive and the regulated pathways to distinguish the ongoing transport of protein and lipid to the cell surface from the ability to secrete hormones and transmitters in response to specific stimuli. (sdbonline.org)
  • Although 271 genes linked to hereditary retinal diseases have already been identified, these genes encode diverse functions, including phototransduction, retinol metabolism, and intracellular protein transport. (oist.jp)
  • By capturing the evolutionary dynamics of target biological systems, the comparative modeling framework is empowered to (i) identify the functional roles of poorly characterized proteins and interactions and (ii) further decipher the underlying regulatory mechanisms of complicated cellular processes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Such processes require membrane traffic to particular domains of the cell surface, in order to insert proteins at restricted regions of the membrane, to enlarge particular regions of the cell membrane, or to signal asymmetrically to neighboring cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • NSF is a homohexameric AAA ATPase involved in membrane fusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • More than 90% of extracellular miRNAs are vesicle-free, but form a complex with proteins such as Agonaute2 (AGO2) ( 22 , 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • SNAP-25 contributes two helices to the complex and is targeted to the plasma membrane by palmitoylation of four cysteines in the linker region. (nih.gov)
  • Intracellular bacteria encode inhibitory SNARE-like proteins. (uchicago.edu)
  • We focus on zebrafish mutants, in which photoreceptor degeneration is caused by defects in protein synthesis in ER, protein transport from ER to the apical photoreceptive membrane region, and phototransduction. (oist.jp)
  • N-terminal domain of complexin independently activates calcium-triggered fusion. (uchicago.edu)
  • Although fundamental questions remain about the mechanism of membrane fusion, these advances provide a framework to investigate the mechanisms underlying presynaptic plasticity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)
  • Ectopically expressed synaptophysin I interacts with VAMP2 and alters its default surface targeting to a prominent vesicular distribution, with no effect on the targeting of other membrane proteins. (uninsubria.it)
  • Membrane fusion in native systems occurs on very short time scales and it has been proposed that lateral membrane tension of the presynaptic membrane is substantially increased to facilitate fusion. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Molecular dynamics simulations have shown in the past that an increase in lateral tension facilitates fusion. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Key interacting proteins of the plasma membrane, the cytosol and the vesicle membrane which function in the membrane fusion pathway, have been identified in a variety of cell types and characterized at the molecular level [10-14] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • When expressed in chromaffin cells from SNAP-25 null mice, the isoforms support different levels of secretion. (nih.gov)
  • Although the members of these protein families are widely distributed among various types of somatic cells [10,11] , it is not known whether related proteins function in the acrosome reaction. (ommegaonline.org)
  • We also study the NPC1 protein that is essential for cholesterol transport in humans and can lead to Niemann Pick C disease when mutated. (stanford.edu)
  • Subsequently, further distinctions in trafficking pathways have been invoked to explain different forms of regulation and fusion at different domains of the cell. (sdbonline.org)
  • Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence was used to evaluate relative proteins expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction entails extensive fusion between the periacrosomal plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane, with the release of hydrolases which function in sperm penetration through the zona pellucida [1-3] . (ommegaonline.org)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Mdm2 p53 Binding Protein Homolog (MDM2) in samples from Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (1elisakits.com)
  • It was found that fusion efficiency increases considerably with lateral tension and a threshold tension of 3.4 mN m-1 was identified at which fusion is boosted tremendously. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing Protein 6 (BIRC6) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
  • The connection of the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane plays a pivotal role for the generation of membrane tension and the process of vesicle fusion. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • Therefore this study provides a new method to solve the discrepancies and to generalize the functional role of SM proteins. (biomedcentral.com)