Ethosuximide, sold under the brand name Zarontin among others, is a medication used to treat absence seizures. (wikipedia.org)
Each Zarontin capsule contains 250 mg ethosuximide, USP. (nih.gov)
Avoid future use of Zarontin in patients with history of ethosuximide-induced DITP. (nih.gov)
Ethosuximide (Zarontin) Ethosuximide is a drug used to treat seizures. (nih.gov)
Ethosuximide is available as tablets of 250 mg and as syrup for pediatric use in several generic forms and under the brand name of Zarontin. (nih.gov)
Lamotrigine4
While ethosuximide, valproic acid, and lamotrigine are often recommended for the treatment of childhood absence epilepsy, [ 1 ] there is insufficient evidence to inform clinical practice. (medscape.com)
The study assigned 453 children to treatment with ethosuximide, lamotrigine, or valproic acid. (medscape.com)
Cite this: Ethosuximide, Valproic Acid, and Lamotrigine in Childhood Absence Epilepsy: F1000: "Exceptional and Changes Clinical Practice" - Medscape - Mar 29, 2010. (medscape.com)
Ethosuximide is in the succinimide family of medications. (wikipedia.org)
Ethosuximide is an succinimide based anticonvulsant commonly used for absence (petit mal) seizures in both adults and children. (nih.gov)
Ethosuximide (eth' oh sux" a mide) is a succinimide derivative and potent anticonvulsant that has been used to treat absence (petit mal) seizures for more than 50 years. (nih.gov)
Ethosuximide is succinimide compound that is effective in the treatment of absence (petit mal) seizures ( Table 14-1 ). (mhmedical.com)
Seizures14
Ethosuximide is considered the first choice drug for treating absence seizures in part because it lacks the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of the alternative anti-absence drug, valproic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Ethosuximide is used to control absence seizures (petit mal) (a type of seizure in which there is a very short loss of awareness during which the person may stare straight ahead or blink his eyes and does not respond to others). (medlineplus.gov)
Ethosuximide suppresses the paroxysmal three cycle per second spike and wave activity associated with lapses of consciousness which is common in absence (petit mal) seizures. (nih.gov)
Only eight children had generalized tonic-clonic seizures leading to anticonvulsant discontinuation, and these occurred with all three medications, indicating that in many children with absence seizures the potential for tonic-clonic seizures should not lead to avoidance of ethosuximide. (medscape.com)
Almost half of all children treated with ethosuximide, the optimal medication, still had absence seizures, indicating that further work is needed to optimize the management of children with childhood absence epilepsy. (medscape.com)
Ethosuximide was approved for use in epilepsy in 1960 for use alone or in combination with other agents to treat absence seizures. (nih.gov)
Based on recent studies, ethosuximide is considered to be the best choice for initial monotherapy of absence seizures in children because of a high rate of efficacy combined with a low incidence of adverse effects. (mhmedical.com)
Ethosuximide has been used since 1958 as a first-choice drug for the treatment of absence seizures without generalized tonic-clonic seizures. (medscape.com)
The most classic medication used for absence seizures is ethosuximide, but valproate is also commonly prescribed. (healthychildren.org)
This mechanism helps to regulate the abnormal burst firing of thalamic neurons associated with absence seizures, making ethosuximide a specific choice for treating this seizure type. (rishacademy.com)
Ethosuximide specifically targets absence seizures by blocking T-type calcium channels in the thalamus, which helps normalize the abnormal thalamic rhythmicity associated with this seizure type. (rishacademy.com)
There is a risk that you may experience changes in your mental health if you take an anticonvulsant medication such as ethosuximide, but there may also be a risk that you will experience changes in your mental health if your condition is not treated. (medlineplus.gov)
In children with absence epilepsy, ethosuximide should be preferred as the first-line anticonvulsant. (medscape.com)
Implications of the absence of anticonvulsant activity of ethosuximide in a pharmacological model of epilepsy. (nih.gov)
There does not appear to be cross reactivity to hypersensitivity reactions or liver injury between ethosuximide and other antiseizure medications including the aromatic anticonvulsants, but caution and careful monitoring should be used in switching to another anticonvulsant after a hypersensitivity reaction to ethosuximide. (nih.gov)
A small number of adults and children 5 years of age and older (about 1 in 500 people) who took anticonvulsants such as ethosuximide to treat various conditions during clinical studies became suicidal during their treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
Absence2
In March 1989, Coulter, Huguenard and Prince showed that ethosuximide and dimethadione, both effective anti-absence agents, reduced low-threshold Ca2+ currents in T-type calcium channels in freshly removed thalamic neurons. (wikipedia.org)
Ethosuximide is the optimal initial therapy for children with childhood absence epilepsy. (medscape.com)
Antiepileptic drugs1
This study aimed at demonstrating the efficacy of two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) brivaracetam and ethosuximide in treating impairments in spatial memory in two AD mouse models. (nih.gov)
Serum enzyme elevations2
Ethosuximide has been associated with rare instances of serum enzyme elevations during treatment, but has not been linked to cases of clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice. (nih.gov)
Reported instances of liver injury from ethosuximide have consisted of transient, asymptomatic serum enzyme elevations or mild liver injury accompanying skin rash and systemic hypersensivity reactions. (nih.gov)
Syrup1
Ethosuximide comes as a capsule and as a syrup (liquid) to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
Calcium channel4
The primary finding that ethosuximide is a T-type calcium channel blocker gained widespread support, but initial attempts to replicate the finding were inconsistent. (wikipedia.org)
Subsequent experiments on recombinant T-type channels in cell lines demonstrated conclusively that ethosuximide blocks all T-type calcium channel isoforms. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Significant T-type calcium channel density occurs in dendrites of neurons, and recordings from reduced preparations that strip away this dendritic source of T-type calcium channels may have contributed to reports of ethosuximide ineffectiveness. (wikipedia.org)
Calcium channel modulators, like ethosuximide, act by blocking T-type calcium channels in the thalamus. (rishacademy.com)
Medication1
Ethosuximide is available as a generic medication. (wikipedia.org)
Dysfunction1
While the product labeling for ethosuximide warns of hepatic dysfunction and recommends periodic monitoring of liver tests, clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice from ethosuximide is rare. (nih.gov)
Decrease2
reported that ethosuximide had no effect on T-type currents, but did decrease noninactivating Na+ current by 60% and the Ca2+-activated K+ currents by 39.1 ± 6.4% in rat and cat thalamocortical cells. (wikipedia.org)
The antiepileptic effect of ethosuximide is thought to be due to its ability to decrease low-threshold calcium currents (T currents) in thalamic neurons. (mhmedical.com)
Excitability1
The mechanism by which ethosuximide affects neuronal excitability includes block of T-type calcium channels, and may include effects of the drug on other classes of ion channel. (wikipedia.org)
Currents1
The action of ethosuximide (ETX) on Na + , K + , and Ca 2+ currents and on tonic and burst-firing patterns was investigated in rat and cat thalamic neurons in vitro by using patch and sharp microelectrode recordings. (jneurosci.org)
Liver5
Ethosuximide is capable of producing morphological and functional changes in the animal liver. (nih.gov)
Ethosuximide should be administered with extreme caution to patients with known liver or renal disease. (nih.gov)
Ethosuximide is metabolized to inactive intermediates in the liver via the cytochrome P450 system (CYP 3A4). (nih.gov)
Ethosuximide has not been linked to cases of chronic hepatitis, vanishing bile duct syndrome or acute liver failure. (nih.gov)
The liver injury resolves rapidly with discontinuation of ethosuximide and typically recurs rapidly with reexposure, which should be avoided. (nih.gov)
Drug3
however, combinations of valproates and ethosuximide had a greater protective index than either drug alone. (wikipedia.org)
Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (DITP) has been reported with ethosuximide. (nih.gov)
Prospective studies suggest that chronic ethosuximide therapy is not accompanied by significant elevations in serum aminotransferase levels, but can increase gamma glutamyltranspeptidase levels. (nih.gov)
Increase1
Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of ethosuximide and gradually increase your dose, usually once every 4 to 7 days. (medlineplus.gov)
Type1
Using cloned α1G, α1H, and α1I T-type calcium channels, Gomora's team found that ethosuximide blocked the channels with an IC50 of 12 ± 2 mmol/L and that of N-desmethylmethsuximide (the active metabolite of mesuximide) is 1.95 ± 0.19 mmol/L for α1G, 1.82 ± 0.16 mmol/L for α1I, and 3.0 ± 0.3 mmol/L for α1H. (wikipedia.org)
Rare1
Clinically apparent hepatotoxicity from ethosuximide is very rare with few case reports published despite use of this agent for half a century. (nih.gov)
History1
Ethosuximide should not be used in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to succinimides. (nih.gov)
Health1
you should know that your mental health may change in unexpected ways and you may become suicidal (thinking about harming or killing yourself or planning or trying to do so) while you are taking ethosuximide. (medlineplus.gov)
Medical1
Ethosuximide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1960. (wikipedia.org)