• In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle, like Plato before him, argued that the pursuit of eudaimonia is an "activity of the soul in accordance with perfect virtue",: I which further could only properly be exercised in the characteristic human community-the polis or city-state. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although eudaimonia was first popularized by Aristotle, it now belongs to the tradition of virtue theories generally. (wikipedia.org)
  • Virtue ethics began with Socrates, and was subsequently developed further by Plato, Aristotle, and the Stoics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aristotle states that the virtues function more as means to safeguard human relations, particularly authentic friendship, without which one's quest for happiness is frustrated. (wikipedia.org)
  • Jonathan Sanford argues that contemporary virtue ethicists ought to return to the work of Aristotle as a foundation for moral judgments. (thepublicdiscourse.com)
  • According to Sanford, radical virtue ethics is the true descendent of classical thought, particularly the thought of Aristotle and Aquinas. (thepublicdiscourse.com)
  • Indeed, the suggestion has been made that Aristotle and most of the ancient Greeks would simply be puzzled by our way of thinking about ethics. (blogspot.com)
  • Aristotle actually listed what he thought were the fundamental virtues of an ethical human being, and others have come up with different lists (there is some cross-cultural variation, of course, though less than one might think). (blogspot.com)
  • Aristotle used certain main concepts to show how ethics can be turned into something tangible that everyone can agree on. (academon.com)
  • The paper also looks at how Aristotle sees virtue as being composed of two different things, and being both intellectual and moral. (academon.com)
  • Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics and Virtue' 02 February 2011. (academon.com)
  • Aristotle on the vices and virtue of wealth. (philpapers.org)
  • According to Aristotle, if a person has obtained certain virtues, it will be reflected in their behavior. (bartleby.com)
  • The main philosopher of Virtue Ethics is Aristotle. (bartleby.com)
  • Aristotle was a great believer in virtues and the meaning of virtue to him meant being able to fulfil one's functions. (bartleby.com)
  • Aristotle (384-322 BC) was a scholar in disciplines such as ethics, metaphysics, biology and botany, among others. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Indeed, those of you studying Aristotle in units related to the Philosophy of Religion may recognize the link between Aristotle's general teleological worldview and his study of ethics. (pressbooks.pub)
  • Aristotle identifies what the good for a human being is in virtue of working out what the function of a human being is, as per his Function Argument. (pressbooks.pub)
  • For this Reading Journal, I want you to focus on the readings from Aristotle ("The Nature of Virtue") and Julia Driver ("Virtue Ethics") from your Exploring Ethics textbook and the Tim O'Brien story "On the Rainy River. (myhomeworkwriters.com)
  • In ancient Greek and modern eudaimonistic virtue ethics, virtues and vices are complex dispositions that involve both affective and intellectual components. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Scrutiny of Virtue Virtue is a mean condition which falls between the extremes of excess and deficiency which are both subject to vices. (bartleby.com)
  • Either of those two vices, or the practices of base behaviors, happen to rely on the virtue that one aims for. (bartleby.com)
  • A diverse body of social scientific findings, many of them well-established, suggests that virtues (and vices), in full and proper sense given them above, are rather rare. (nd.edu)
  • This book will therefore contain the Lives of Demetrius the City-Besieger and Antony the imperator, men who bore most amply testimony to Plato's saying that great natures exhibit great vices as well as great virtues. (lu.se)
  • The virtues also figure prominently in Aristotle's ethical theory found in Nicomachean Ethics. (wikipedia.org)
  • The third one is, of course, virtue ethics, which originated with Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics and was recently reintroduced to philosophy beginning with a classic paper by Elisabeth Anscombe in 1958. (blogspot.com)
  • 1934. Nicomachean Ethics, trans. (academon.com)
  • 1991. 'Ethical Reflections and Righteous Indignation: Nemesis in the Nicomachean Ethics. (academon.com)
  • This paper addresses Books I and II of Nicomachean Ethics and Aristotle's description of how a life led in virtuous ways can produce happiness that may elude others. (academon.com)
  • Attuned to the revival of moral concern in public and private life, Edmund Pincoffs argues in Quandaries and Virtues that the 'structures known as ethical theories are more threats to moral sanity and balance than instruments for their attainment because ethical theories are, by nature, reductive. (nationalhumanitiescenter.org)
  • Within this context, Before Virtue excellently reveals the various positions in the virtue ethics movement and shows how they relate to other ethical theories more broadly. (thepublicdiscourse.com)
  • the requirements to be a contemporary virtue ethicist are so thin that nearly all ethical theorists are included in the group. (thepublicdiscourse.com)
  • Sanford contrasts both of these ethical movements with radical virtue ethics, the minority view within the virtue ethics movement. (thepublicdiscourse.com)
  • In this talk, I will review evidence from various branches of the cognitive sciences suggesting that the virtue ethical model relies on amore psychologically realistic model of human cognition than its rationalist rivals, and therefore provides a more empirically plausible model of human morality, moral persuasion, and moral education. (mindandlife.org)
  • The findings indicate that AIBDMs often use principles of virtue ethics to help provide nuanced judgement on sometimes complicated breaches of ethical behaviour. (edu.au)
  • We also discuss the distinction between action and inaction, if any, before diving into the ethical system that has been with us for over two thousand years - Virtue Ethics. (player.fm)
  • Considering the connection of virtue approaches to communication ethics in organizational settings to the turn to positive approaches to communication and organizational theory reveals avenues for ethical reflection and action in these increasingly important relational forms. (mdpi.com)
  • WHO's commitment to attain the highest possible level of health by all peoples must be accompanied by the dedication of its personnel to uphold and promote the highest standards of ethics and conduct The WHO Code of Ethics ("Code") describes the ethical standards of conduct expected from all WHO personnel at all times. (who.int)
  • The 2020 Virtues & Vocations conference has been cancelled due to COVID-19. (duke.edu)
  • the role of consequentialist reasoning, the significance of contemplative wisdom, the logical relation between the virtues and happiness, the significance of practical wisdom, the unity of the virtues, the supposed significance of altruism and benevolence, the significance of friendship, the significance of justice, and the political nature of the human person. (thepublicdiscourse.com)
  • Character for virtue ethicists is the reflection of an inner state of being, and that state develops and changes throughout one's lifetime (which is why the Greeks thought that one cannot evaluate the goodness of a person's life until the very end). (blogspot.com)
  • In August 2019, USSOCOM began a comprehensive review of SOF culture and ethics, which, at the lowest level, entailed a small group discussion with one's peers facilitated by a review team. (smallwarsjournal.com)
  • Virtue ethics revolves around an individual's character traits, which often times crosses over to one's career, or in this case engineering. (bartleby.com)
  • [5] Crucially important is the idea that the virtues impart a high degree of cross-situational consistency to one's actions: if I am honest only when threatened with penalties for dishonesty, then I do not possess the virtue of honesty. (nd.edu)
  • Virtue ethics is concerned with the inner morals of and individual as a guide for making one's decision. (essaymills.com)
  • Unlike other forms of ethics like deontological and consequential that stresses on rules and consequences respectively as a lead to one's choice of actions, virtue ethics has inspired me to shape my behavior in terms of my conscience. (essaymills.com)
  • Temperance provides the perfect occasion as an introduction to these Cardinal Virtues as it deals specifically with one's approach to pleasure. (tanbooks.com)
  • To this end, I will employ virtue ethics' approach to moral life, a school of ethics that emphasizes virtues, opposed to an emphasis on the need to follow rules (deontological) or an emphasis on the consequences of one's actions (consequentialism). (groundmotive.net)
  • Narrative Environmental Virtue Ethics: Phronesis without a Phronimos. (philpapers.org)
  • Plato and Aristotle's treatments of virtues are not the same. (wikipedia.org)
  • An analysis of Aristotle's stand on the ethics of virtue. (academon.com)
  • In particular, the paper discusses how one of Aristotle's main concepts is virtue and he argues that everything that can be said about humanity hinges on virtue in one way or another. (academon.com)
  • In examining Aristotle's ideas of virtue and ethics, it also appears that pleasure and pain are large components to what people do in life. (academon.com)
  • Extensive in its historical scope, this is a valuable collection relating the tradition of virtue to modernity, which will be of interest to all working in virtue ethics and contemporary Aristotelian politics. (bloomsbury.com)
  • Passion and Reason: Aristotelian Strategies in Kierkegaard's Ethics. (philpapers.org)
  • Indeed, this is what separates Aristotelian Virtue Ethics from both Utilitarianism and Kantian Ethics. (pressbooks.pub)
  • To that end, we start from the philosophical understanding of the nature of virtue in the Aristotelian virtue ethics tradition, which we take to imply the ability to perform (1) the right actions (2) with the right feelings and (3) in the right way. (ethicalpsychology.com)
  • Anna Samsonova-Taddei & Javed Siddiqui - 2016 - Journal of Business Ethics 139 (1):183-195. (philpapers.org)
  • [9] While psychological situationism has generated an enormous philosophical literature, both pro and contra , [10] theologians in particular, as Miller noted in 2016, have been much slower to take stock of its import for their own appeals to the virtues. (nd.edu)
  • Virtue theory was inserted into the study of history by moralistic historians such as Livy, Plutarch, and Tacitus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Virtue Ethics has had relatively little impact in legal theory and in the theory of legal reasoning. (typepad.com)
  • This paper (a) discusses some crucial reasons why that is the case and tries to identify the burdens of relevance that a theory of virtue has to discharge in order to be taken seriously in theories of legal decision-making. (typepad.com)
  • For my take on virtue jurisprudence, see Virtue Jurisprudence: A Virtue-Centered Theory of Judging . (typepad.com)
  • In this sense, the book is a helpful map, one that could serve as a guide to those currently working in the field, especially since Sanford lays out what steps must be taken next in order to vindicate a viable virtue theory. (thepublicdiscourse.com)
  • On this view, the virtues are important to the moral life due to modern moral philosophy's criteria for evaluation, which Sanford articulates in this way: "that a successful moral theory be action-guiding in some direct way, provide a means by which the moral agent can move from egoism to altruism, and specify some distinctive motivational state that marks off moral from nonmoral states of action. (thepublicdiscourse.com)
  • Unlike its rivals, radical virtue ethics denies that moral theory must be action guiding and that it must identify some distinctively "moral" motivational state. (thepublicdiscourse.com)
  • Finance Ethics: Critical Issues in Theory and Practice. (philpapers.org)
  • He is the author of Ethics and the Conduct of Business and Ethics in Finance, and the editor of Finance Ethics: Critical Issues in Theory and Practice. (philpapers.org)
  • Introduction Virtue ethics is a theory used to make moral decisions. (bartleby.com)
  • [1] There are readings of St. Paul's letters or the Sermon on the Mount as instances of virtue-theory, [2] and calls for a "politics of virtue. (nd.edu)
  • While the moral and epistemic virtues quite plausibly are both necessary and sufficient for the good life in theory, virtue ethics is often criticised for being elitist and unachievable in practice for the vast majority. (philpapers.org)
  • LGRP conducts research on moral responsibility and free will within the areas of action theory, normative ethics, metaethics and legal responsibility. (lu.se)
  • According to the modern philosopher Mortimer J . Adler, the four cardinal virtues are the virtues which constitute the moral character of a good man.1 While it is true that there are many other desirable traits ( e.g., amiability, modesty, humility, and honesty), the man or woman who embodies the chief moral virtues possesses the moral fiber from which all other virtues flow. (chalcedon.edu)
  • [3] There are proliferating treatments, not only of the cardinal and theological virtues, but of farther-flung virtues such as gratitude or honesty, compassion, or tolerance. (nd.edu)
  • Can teaching virtues such as honesty, self-control, fairness, resilience and respect - which contribute to good character - be part of the solution to many of the challenges facing society today? (my-mooc.com)
  • Discussion of what were known as the four cardinal virtues-wisdom, justice, fortitude, and temperance-can be found in Plato's Republic. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been written by the great thinkers of the Western intellectual tradition that the chief moral virtues - the four cardinal virtues - are courage (or fortitude), temperance, justice, and prudence. (chalcedon.edu)
  • And, again, if there is a single virtue doomed to moral atrophy and extinction, it would be courage (fortitude). (chalcedon.edu)
  • Among the variety of all the virtues there exists particular "hinge" virtues, namely: temperance, justice, prudence, and fortitude. (tanbooks.com)
  • In discussing virtue, it is necessary to return to what the tradition has recognized as the "hinge" virtues upon which all other virtues depend: temperance, prudence, justice, and fortitude. (tanbooks.com)
  • Virtue ethics is usually contrasted with two other major approaches in ethics, consequentialism and deontology, which make the goodness of outcomes of an action (consequentialism) and the concept of moral duty (deontology) central. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since then a burgeoning field of "virtue ethics" has emerged, seeking a way out of the unsatisfactory categories of deontology, utilitarianism, and social compact theories of right. (thepublicdiscourse.com)
  • The first, and perhaps more fundamental, thing to understand about virtue ethics is that it is concerned with a radically different sort of question from consequentialism and deontology, so much so that perhaps it is misleading to compare the three directly. (blogspot.com)
  • For him, morality is about concepts such as duty (for instance in the case of deontology), while ethics is broader and accommodates a role for emotions, such as the special bonds one has with family members or friends. (blogspot.com)
  • We have seen that consequentialism in particular has a hard time with this aspect of ethics, and deontology fares only slight better. (blogspot.com)
  • Although the study of ethics in the Western academy has been dominated for the past several hundred years by two rationalist models, deontology and utilitarianism, there has been a resurgence of interest, especially in the past decade, in more embodied, practice-based approaches such as virtue ethics. (mindandlife.org)
  • Back in episode two, we covered Utilitarianism and Deontology and promised to return with an episode covering Virtue Ethics. (player.fm)
  • Interestingly, Williams even draws a distinction between morality and ethics (which I have and will continue to use as synonymous, in agreement with most of the literature). (blogspot.com)
  • prudence, practical virtue, or practical wisdom) is an acquired trait that enables its possessor to identify the best thing to do in any given situation. (wikipedia.org)
  • These trendy terms (and situations) appear to have been carefully selected to impersonate three of the old cardinal virtues: temperance, prudence, and justice. (chalcedon.edu)
  • Prudence, like all other virtues, is a stable disposition to do some sort of activity well. (tanbooks.com)
  • In order to make room for her "new concept of egoism," Rand identifies the opposite of selfishness as altruism (literally, "otherism") and argues that making service to others the hallmark of moral action obscures the real issues in ethics: What are values? (aynrand.org)
  • He describes the structure of "complete virtue" in EE and argues that the final chapter of EE is a reasonable conclusion to the book, and that the Common Books fit well with the rest of EE. (binghamton.edu)
  • Join Dr. Mattison as he examines the pervasiveness of what the Western Tradition has come to call the "Four Cardinal Virtues. (tanbooks.com)
  • The cardinal virtues are not simply hinges for all other virtues, but they are additionally hinges for each other. (tanbooks.com)
  • Dr. Mattison considers each of the cardinal virtues in detail, and by so doing guides his audience towards new depths of insight. (tanbooks.com)
  • Remember, of course, that this has absolutely nothing to do with the very different Christian concept of virtue, which is based on the very un-Greek ideas of humility and meekness. (blogspot.com)
  • Anscombe and other modern virtue ethicists (principally Bernard Williams and Alasdair MacIntyre ), point out that one of the major consequences of shifting the question in ethics is that one is no longer forced to seek rigid, universal answers to "what's the right thing to do? (blogspot.com)
  • The idea, of course, isn't that there is a calculus of virtue according to which one can arrive at the precise golden mean, but rather that having a virtuous character means to be able to balance common human passions and attitudes in a way that is praiseworthy. (blogspot.com)
  • Mackinnon defines virtues as having good traits while the term virtuous is defined as a morally good person. (bartleby.com)
  • We introduce the term virtue discounting to refer broadly to the reasons that people devalue actors' virtue, bringing together empirical findings across diverse literatures as well as theories explaining virtuous behavior. (ethicalpsychology.com)
  • Across 14 studies (7 preregistered, total N=9,360), we show that publicly virtuous actors are perceived as less morally good than privately virtuous actors, and that this effect is stronger for generosity compared to impartiality (i.e. differential virtue discounting). (ethicalpsychology.com)
  • When we try to act virtuous in daily life, we respond to the call of virtue. (groundmotive.net)
  • While virtue ethics does not necessarily deny the importance to ethics of goodness of states of affairs or of moral duties, it emphasizes virtue, and sometimes other concepts, like eudaimonia, to an extent that other ethics theories do not. (wikipedia.org)
  • More specifically, I argue for a weird environmental ethic that embraces fuzzy boundaries of entangled environments and show that the virtue of wonder allows for flourishing within this context. (degruyter.com)
  • Explores the diversity of Jewish approaches to character and virtue, from the Bible to the present day. (sunypress.edu)
  • Behaving virtuously in public presents a paradox: only by doing so can people demonstrate their virtue and also influence others through their example, yet observers may derogate actors' behavior as mere "virtue signaling. (ethicalpsychology.com)
  • We investigate the observability of actors' behavior as one reason for virtue discounting, and its mechanism via motivational inferences using the comparison of generosity and impartiality as a case study among virtues. (ethicalpsychology.com)
  • This work starts from the assumption that the individual's moral ties with the employment system may be affected by the individual's perception that this system has virtues that guide its behavior in relation to its employees and customers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Group behavior toward others by virtue of their group membership. (bvsalud.org)
  • Drawing upon the specific example of early Confucian virtue ethics, I will further explore how Confucian models of emotional training, imaginative extension, and ritual and musical practice anticipate, and enjoy corroboration from, recent contemplative science research. (mindandlife.org)
  • Similarly, on a societal level, a subscription to virtue ethics would aim to develop life together in ways that encourage healthy relationships - for example, by building neighbourhood landscape that create opportunities to practice hospitality. (groundmotive.net)
  • Physicians as citizens and the indispensability of civic virtues for professional practice. (bvsalud.org)
  • Another way to put the difference is that while standard modern ethics is about laws (duties, rights), virtue ethics is about an individual's character. (blogspot.com)
  • The traditional beliefs and values in China are described with particular reference to medicine, and the implications for bioethics and research ethics within the country are considered. (who.int)
  • The aim of this study is to discuss bioethics applied to the Dental Code of Ethics through a literature review. (bvsalud.org)
  • Toward a foundational normative method in business ethics. (philpapers.org)
  • At minimum, the virtues are normative and regulative concepts within an ideal depiction of a flourishing life. (nd.edu)
  • But the normative uses of virtue-talk have no implications for a second and (to my mind) neglected question, namely, "How widely distributed are the virtues? (nd.edu)
  • The Role of Practical Rationality in Contemporary Accounts of Virtue. (philpapers.org)
  • Practical wisdom and virtue ethics for knowledge co-production in sustainability science. (lu.se)
  • The projects range over the following themes: philosophical theories of value, the concept of welfare, virtue and responsibility, practical rationality, theories of causation, collective action, the concept of intent, and dynamic decision-making. (lu.se)
  • Virtue ethics concentrates on the character of the individual, rather than the acts (or consequences thereof) of the individual. (wikipedia.org)
  • Professor Duff Waring studies the connections between insight-oriented psychotherapy and virtue ethics in his new book The Healing Virtues: Character Ethics In Psychotherapy. (yorku.ca)
  • A virtue, then, is a moral character trait that we admire in those people who have it. (blogspot.com)
  • Alarmingly, some even challenged the fairness of questioning the behaviors of those on ethics-trial, claiming that those in air-conditioned offices are committing the fundamental attribution error by assigning blame to a character flaw rather than the power of the situation. (smallwarsjournal.com)
  • Therefore, an engineer must contain several vital character traits, or virtues, in order to perform their job accordingly. (bartleby.com)
  • There is an unconditional character of virtue - what we understand when the word "wisdom" is uttered (or read). (groundmotive.net)
  • We, at The Virtue Ethics Foundation, believe that the roots of character education can be traced back to the early Greek educational program, also known as Paideia . (virtueethicsfoundation.com)
  • The most comprehensive framework created to understand character education has been done so by The Jubilee Centre For Character And Virtues at the University Of Birmingham . (virtueethicsfoundation.com)
  • Learn with academic experts and practising teachers We will draw on the insights of academics from the Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues within the School of Education at the University of Birmingham. (my-mooc.com)
  • These leading experts in the fields of character education and virtue ethics will help you explore the theoretical and philosophical basis for character education, including a background to virtue ethics. (my-mooc.com)
  • Professor James Arthur) What is the philosophical basis for character education and what virtues constitute good character? (my-mooc.com)
  • A host of medical practitioners and educators from across the country recently gathered at Belmont for the Thomas F. Frist, Jr. College of Medicine Roundtable on Ethics, Virtue and Character Formation. (belmont.edu)
  • The theme continued with seeds, soil, cultivation and growth as lenses through which to consider ethics and character in curriculum. (belmont.edu)
  • In this paper, I argue that an environmental virtue of wonder can help to articulate the intersection of environmental ethics and "eco-anxiety" by offering a mean between the excess of anxiety and the deficiency of boredom. (degruyter.com)
  • Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Ethics 23 (1): 85-108. (degruyter.com)
  • Brian Treanor - 2008 - Environmental Ethics 30 (4):361-379. (philpapers.org)
  • Description for Sex and Ethics: Essays on Sexuality, Virtue and the Good Life Hardback. (kennys.ie)
  • This anthology addresses a neglected philosophical field, comprising issues of virtue and ethics versus sexuality and sex. (kennys.ie)
  • Virtue and the Moral Life: Theological and Philosophical Perspectives. (philpapers.org)
  • Plato believes virtue is effectively an end to be sought, for which a friend might be a useful means. (wikipedia.org)
  • This paper contends that principles of virtue ethics have the potential to both supplement and complement academic integrity policy in the adjudication of undergraduate student academic integrity breaches. (edu.au)
  • Lesson plans and examples demonstrate how the virtues may be approached in the classroom, making it an invaluable guide for all involved in teaching religious education. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • While the play progresses, the characters demonstrate a growing struggle for virtue and lose the power to be true to their own selves, thus compromising their abilities to uphold justice. (bartleby.com)
  • Judism identifies the virtue of humility as constitutive of the moral life and as furnishing its dispositional foundation. (philpapers.org)
  • The Virtue of Humility in Judaism: A Critique of Rationalist Hermeneutics. (philpapers.org)
  • Humility: from sacred virtue to secular vice? (philpapers.org)
  • In virtue ethics, a virtue is a disposition to think, feel, and act well in some domain of life. (wikipedia.org)
  • For the virtue theorist, eudaimonia describes that state achieved by the person who lives the proper human life, an outcome that can be reached by practicing the virtues. (wikipedia.org)
  • Teaching Virtue puts engagement with religious life - and virtue ethics - at the heart of religious education, encouraging 'learning from' religion rather than 'learning about' religion. (birmingham.ac.uk)
  • Virtues often change somewhat as people grow older and find that life is not necessarily quite what they thought it was when they were younger. (academon.com)
  • Virtues also mold the individual outlook on life, and give them the moral's to do what is right. (bartleby.com)
  • Yet in life, we enact a contingent or concrete kind of virtue. (groundmotive.net)
  • Communicative processes that form and maintain these relationships can be examined from a communication ethics perspective focused on the outcomes emerging from these relationships that define particular goods for personal and organizational life. (mdpi.com)
  • This article explores the respective roles that medical and technological cognitive enhancements, on the one hand, and the moral and epistemic virtues traditionally understood, on the other, can play in enabling us to lead the good life. (philpapers.org)
  • It will be shown that neither the virtues nor cognitive enhancements on their own are likely to enable most people to lead the good life. (philpapers.org)
  • The good life for non-human animas: what virtue requires of humans. (philpapers.org)
  • It is said that it is the applied ethics that discusses moral conflicts presented in life and health sciences, a value system that includes moral vision, decisions and conducts. (bvsalud.org)
  • Specifically, this virtue enables man to see things rightly and accordingly to act rightly. (tanbooks.com)
  • Virtue is not found in a single good act, but rather in stable dispositions that incline us toward the good. (tanbooks.com)
  • [xiv] Nevertheless, the findings of the recent ethics and culture review maintain a drumbeat that there is not a systemic ethics problem. (smallwarsjournal.com)
  • For instance, courage is a virtue of which cowardice and rashness are the deficiency and excess of respectively. (bartleby.com)
  • Daniel M. Nelson - 1985 - Journal of Religious Ethics 13 (2):298 - 311. (philpapers.org)
  • Written by internationally renowned scholars, this Companion maps the moral teachings of the world s religions, and alsocharts new directions for work in the field of religious ethics. (lu.se)