• Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation, also known as the Weizmann process, is a process that uses bacterial fermentation to produce acetone, n-butanol, and ethanol from carbohydrates such as starch and glucose. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was developed by chemist Chaim Weizmann and was the primary process used to produce acetone, which was needed to make cordite, a substance essential for the British war industry during World War I. The process may be likened to how yeast ferments sugars to produce ethanol for wine, beer, or fuel, but the organisms that carry out the ABE fermentation are strictly anaerobic (obligate anaerobes). (wikipedia.org)
  • The ABE fermentation produces solvents in a ratio of 3 parts acetone, 6 parts butanol to 1 part ethanol. (wikipedia.org)
  • After World War II, ABE fermentation became generally non-profitable, compared to the production of the same three solvents (acetone, butanol, ethanol) from petroleum. (wikipedia.org)
  • One canonical example of such processes is acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation by Clostridium acetobutylicum, during which cells convert carbon sources to organic acids that are later reassimilated to produce solvents as a strategy for cellular survival. (illinois.edu)
  • A kinetic simulation model of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation of xylose (Model XYL ) was proposed by substituting Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway equations in the glucose model (Model GLC ) by pentose phosphate (PP) pathway equations of xylose utilization. (elsevierpure.com)
  • An experimental investigation was conducted on the effect of equivalence ratios and engine loads on performance and emission characteristics using acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) and gasoline blends. (illinois.edu)
  • This paper investigates spray and engine performance of an acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) mixture blended with diesel fuel in a single-cylinder direct injection (DI) diesel engine. (edu.au)
  • The amylose-iodine (AI) complex formation was studied by absorption spectra in water and water containing varying proportions of ethanol,acetone, isopropanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). (psu.edu)
  • the addition of functional groups such as carboxylic acid in CNTs has demonstrated enhanced sensitivity to ethanol [ 10 ] and nitric oxide gas [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Tabulated values of ethanol density and specific weight at given temperature and pressure (SI and Imperial units) as well as density units conversion are given below the figures. (engineeringtoolbox.com)
  • The calculator below can be used to estimate the density and specific weight of liquid ethanol at given temperature. (engineeringtoolbox.com)
  • Samples monitored for acetone (67641), ethanol (64175), and isopropyl-alcohol (67630) showed all levels were below the NIOSH recommended levels. (cdc.gov)
  • When ethanol is used as decolorizing agent, gram-negative bacteria lose their outer membrane because of the higher content of lipid, allowing crystal violet complex to leak through the cell wall. (medscape.com)
  • A decolorizing agent such as ethanol or acetone is used to wash away excess stain. (colorwithleo.com)
  • Anstie concluded a person could consume as much as 1.5 ounces of ethanol per day without any ill effects. (hg.org)
  • Do a simple Google Patent search for ' acetone fuel efficiency ' and see the results for yourself. (wisebread.com)
  • Acetone has also been repackaged as a fuel additive by various inventors. (wisebread.com)
  • The density of liquid ethanol is nearly the same for all pressures up to 100 bara, and the density of the liquid at equilibrium pressure (as used in the calculator above) can be used for most practical purposes. (engineeringtoolbox.com)
  • And, Ivan Neretin mentioned that ethanol alone would get you about freezing temperature close enough to get you any ethanol+acetone solvent would get. (stackexchange.com)
  • Results showed that the optimal parameters to extract total phenols and rosmarinic acid as a dominant compound in sage extracts were as follows: solvent: 30 % ethanol, extraction duration: 11 min, output power of ultrasonic device: 400 W. The antioxidant capacity of obtained extract correlated with concentration of total phenols and flavonoids, and among individual phenols the rosmarinic acid contributed the most to the antioxidant capacity. (researchgate.net)
  • For example, a precursor for cocaine is coca leaves, a reagent is sulfuric acid, and a solvent used in the manufacturing process is acetone. (druglibrary.net)
  • Acetone, for instance, which is used as a solvent in processing opium and coca leaves, is used to make paints, lubricants, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and agricultural products. (druglibrary.net)
  • In the effort of developing bioenergy source materials, a laboratorium study was performed to investigate the effects of substrate types and concentrations on the production of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) from various substrates by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564) in defin. (uitm.edu.my)
  • Every company had its own unique patented microorganism, which was able to produce acetone and butanol in great amounts from the molasses. (opensourceecology.org)
  • I was recommended to use a mixture of ethanol and acetone because when they're mixed in the right proportions, the mixture has a very low freezing point. (stackexchange.com)
  • 2-Propanol is a colourless highly flammable liquid with an odour resembling that of a mixture of ethanol and acetone. (unep.org)
  • begingroup$ if you need a glass try ethanol, diethyl ether, isopentane in 2:2:5 or 1:4;4 ratio , (EPA glass). (stackexchange.com)
  • Yet, freezing point of pure diethyl ether is $\pu{150.6 K}$ , lower than the lowest achieved in acetone/ethanol system. (stackexchange.com)
  • In 1905, Austrian biochemist Franz Schardinger found that acetone could similarly be produced. (wikipedia.org)
  • Butanol is far less corrosive than ethanol and can be shipped and distributed through existing pipelines and filling stations. (opensourceecology.org)
  • As a result, brands that use CO2 extraction received high scores while brands that use butane, ethanol, or acetone extraction were penalized. (observer.com)
  • Moller International , the developer of the Skycar aircraft, the Rotapower line of Wankel-type rotary engines and the Aerobot line of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), has achieved emission levels below California SULEV standards in recent tests of the Rotapower engine fueled by ethanol without exhaust aftertreatment. (greencarcongress.com)