Essential dna directed rna polymerases. Medical search. Frequent questions

DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POLR2H gene. (wikipedia.org)
A notable example is the replacement of an original multi-subunit bacteria-like RNA polymerase (inherited from the proto-mitochondrial ancestor and still encoded in certain jakobid - but no other - mitochondrial genomes) by a single-subunit bacteriophage T3/T7-like RNA polymerase, which directs mitochondrial transcription in virtually all eukaryotes [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Yeast RNA polymerase II subunit RPB9. (embl.de)
The RPB9 subunit of RNA polymerase II regulates transcription elongation activity and is required for the action of the transcription elongation factor, TFIIS. (embl.de)
We describe the cognate cDNA cloning and characterization of two subunits (hTFIIIC63 and hTFIIIC102) that are present within a DNA-binding subcomplex (TFIIIC2) of TFIIIC and are related in structure and function to two yeast TFIIIC subunits (yTFIIIC95 and yTFIIIC131) previously shown to interact, respectively, with the promoter (A box) and with a subunit of yeast TFIIIB. (embl.de)
21 Furthermore, interaction between the BARD1/BRCA1 heterodimer and cleavage stimulation factor subunit 1 (CSTF1, also called CstF-50) represses the polyadenylation machinery, presumably to prevent inappropriate mRNA processing at sites of DNA repair. (bmj.com)
Here we show that staphylococcal phages produce a structured RNA transcribed from the terminase subunit genes, termed CBASS-activating bacteriophage RNA (cabRNA), which binds to a positively charged surface of the CdnE03 cyclase and promotes the synthesis of the cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP to activate the CBASS immune response. (bvsalud.org)

Targeted introduction of DSBs into rDNA, but not abutting sequences, results in ATM-dependent inhibition of their transcription by RNA polymerase I. This is coupled with movement of rDNA from the nucleolar interior to anchoring points at the periphery. (diagenode.com)
We have previously solved the structures of domains II and III, which stimulate arrested polymerase II elongation complexes in order to resume transcription. (embl.de)
Domain I also interacts with the transcriptionally active RNA polymerase II holoenzyme and therefore, may have a function unrelated to the previously described transcription elongation activity of TFIIS. (embl.de)
The individual zinc ribbon domains, in isolation or in combination, could not stimulate transcription by a polymerase lacking RPB9, pol IIDelta9. (embl.de)
Human transcription factor IIIC (hTFIIIC) is a multisubunit complex that mediates transcription of class III genes through direct recognition of promoters (for tRNA and virus-associated RNA genes) or promoter-TFIIIA complexes (for the 5S RNA gene) and subsequent recruitment of TFIIIB and RNA polymerase III. (embl.de)
Structural basis of transcription: RNA Polymerase II substrate binding and metal coordination at 3.0 A using a free-electron laser. (stanford.edu)
6, 7 BRCA1 interacts with a variety of proteins and is involved in multiple cellular processes including DNA repair, transcription, and checkpoint control. (bmj.com)
In addition, after transcription, a wide array of RNA-binding proteins interacts with cis -acting elements located mainly in the 3' untranslated region, determining the fate of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells. (frontiersin.org)
Basic Molecular Genetics Mechanisms: Structure of nucleic acids, DNA replication, RNA & Transcription, Protein synthesis. (edu.pk)
One branch addresses a range of integrated biological systems, concentrating on the function of protein molecules in the processes of DNA replication and mutagenesis, transcription, and translation. (nationalacademies.org)
Transcription typically copies just one strand of DNA. (pharmaguideline.com)
The Process Associated With DNA Polymerase Is: A) Mitosis C) Translation D) Meiosis In B) Transcription E) All Of The Above 2. (eqtraining.sk)
The DNA gets converted into RNA by the process of transcription. (eqtraining.sk)
Retroviruses use reverse transcription to create a double-stranded DNA copy (a provirus) of their RNA genome, which is inserted into the genome of their host cell. (msdmanuals.com)
Because RNA transcription does not involve the same error-checking mechanisms as DNA transcription, RNA viruses, particularly retroviruses, are particularly prone to mutation. (msdmanuals.com)

We show here that PLASTID REDOX INSENSITIVE 2 (PRIN2) and CHLOROPLAST STEM-LOOP BINDING PROTEIN 41 kDa (CSP41b), two proteins identified in plastid nucleoid preparations, are essential for proper plant embryo development. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, PRIN2 and CSP41b form a distinct protein complex in vitro that binds DNA. (frontiersin.org)
Taken together, our results suggest that PEP activity and consequently the switch from NEP to PEP activity, is essential during embryo development and that the PRIN2-CSP41b DNA binding protein complex possibly is important for full PEP activity during this process. (frontiersin.org)
w Bm protein sequences were aligned using BLAST to the Database of Essential Genes (DEG) version 5.2, a collection of 5,260 experimentally identified essential genes in 15 bacterial strains. (biomedcentral.com)
The definitive determinant of XLA is the complete absence of BTK ribonucleic acid (RNA) or protein. (medscape.com)
The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, and an RNA component, encoded by this gene, that serves as a template for the telomere repeat. (nih.gov)
Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
For example, transcript elongation factor TFIIS is highly conserved among eukaryotes, and yet the TFIIS protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cannot function with mammalian RNA polymerase II and vice versa. (embl.de)
Yeast domain II alone is able to bind yeast RNA polymerase II with the same affinity as the full-length TFIIS protein, and this domain was expected to confer the species selectivity. (embl.de)
Because alternative RNA splicing allows different types of mRNA molecules to be created from a single gene, it generates the diversity of protein function and structure that is essential to complex organisms. (genomicglossaries.com)
When a cell needs to make a particular protein, it first copies the instructions from the matching gene into a molecule known as a messenger RNA (or an mRNA for short). (elifesciences.org)
The phi6 major envelope protein P9 and the non-structural protein P12 are essential for the envelopment of its virions. (biomedcentral.com)
The long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1 or L1) ORF2 protein is the genomic source for RT activity required for mobilization of its own RNA in cis and other RNAs, such as SINE/variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR)/Alu (SVA) elements, in trans. (elsevierpure.com)
A similar kind of nucleic acid, known as ribonucleic acid (RNA), is found in various molecular forms and is involved in the process of protein synthesis. (pharmaguideline.com)
Others, like Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNAs), play an essential role in protein synthesis, while Messenger RNA (mRNAs) drive protein synthesis via the ribosome. (pharmaguideline.com)
Central dogma is a process of molecular biology that transfers genetic information from DNA to RNA and produces a functional protein product. (eqtraining.sk)
It is often stated as "DNA makes RNA, and RNA makes protein", although this is not its original meaning. (eqtraining.sk)
Some viruses have an outer envelope consisting of protein and lipid, surrounding a protein capsid complex with genomic RNA or DNA and sometimes enzymes needed for the first steps of viral replication. (msdmanuals.com)
Author Manuscript and RNA repair protein AlkB-derived enzyme mixture was first used to remove methylations at the Watson-Crick face. (cdc.gov)

RNA-like oligonucleotides that are complementary to a portion of a target mRNA molecule. (genomicglossaries.com)
More specifically, antisense oligonucleotides that are useful as reagents for target validation , or as drugs, are engineered molecules that differ from natural RNA but that have a base sequence that is recognized as being complementary to a very specific mRNA sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
A complementary RNA sequence that binds to a naturally occurring (sense) mRNA molecule, thus blocking its translation. (genomicglossaries.com)
The 3' regulatory regions have a great diversity of cis -regulatory elements directly involved in polyadenylation, stability, transport and mRNA translation, essential to achieve the desired levels of gene expression. (frontiersin.org)
Polyadenylation is essential for the stability of the transcript, preventing the mRNA from being the target of posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) via RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 (RDR6) in plants ( Luo and Chen, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)
To expand understanding of the role of snoRNAs in control of gene expression, in this study we tested the ability of artificial box C/D RNAs to affect the maturation of target pre-mRNA. (hindawi.com)
We found that transfection of artificial box C/D snoRNA analogues directed to HSPA8 pre-mRNAs into human cells induced suppression of the target mRNA expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. (hindawi.com)
The artificial box C/D RNA directed to the branch point adenosine of the second intron, as well as the analogue directed to the last nucleotide of the second exon of the HSPA8 pre-mRNA caused the most prominent influence on the level of HSPA8 mRNAs. (hindawi.com)
Inasmuch as artificial box C/D RNAs decreased viability of transfected human cells, we propose that natural snoRNAs as well as their artificial analogues can influence the maturation of complementary pre-mRNA and can be effective regulators of vital cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
The developed DNA vectors encoded mature snoRNAs or artificial pre-mRNA fragments that were processed to snoRNA [ 1 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Using such an approach, it was shown that introducing sequences complementary to a selected pre-mRNA into box C/D RNA structures allowed knockdown of the target mRNA [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
SVA elements are~2-kb hominid-specific noncoding RNAs that have resulted in single-gene disease in humans through insertional mutagenesis or aberrant mRNA splicing. (elsevierpure.com)
The coding or sense strand of DNA corresponds to the mRNA and may vary from gene to gene. (pharmaguideline.com)
DNA) is transcribed into mRNA (RNA) which is than translated into proteins. (eqtraining.sk)
Positive-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome that can serve as messenger RNA (mRNA) that can be directly translated to produce an amino acid sequence. (msdmanuals.com)

where he studied nucleotides, which are the building blocks for the giant nucleic acids DNA and RNA (ribonucleic acid, which is essential to the construction of cell proteins according to the specifications contained in DNA). (britannica.com)

This gene encodes one of the essential subunits of RNA polymerase II that is shared by the other two eukaryotic DNA-directed RNA polymerases, I and III. (wikipedia.org)
The genetic information in eukaryotic cells is stored in linear DNA molecules known as chromosomes [ 1 ]. (actanaturae.ru)

There are many possible applications for these genes: you could try to recreate essential gene pathways in-vitro, or purify the proteins for functional studies, or create a synthetic MoClo-compatible Bacillus subtilis genome using these genes and the sgRNAs available from the Bacillus Genetic Stock Center. (freegenes.org)
11 Both proteins possess an N-terminal RING finger motif and two BRCA1 C-terminal (BRCT) domains present in numerous proteins involved in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. (bmj.com)
Pol gene on the other hand codes for three essential enzymes which are Reverse Transcriptase (RT), Integrase (IN) and Protease (PR), among other proteins. (proteopedia.org)
RNA-binding proteins contribute to specificity by interacting with both Ccr4-Not and target mRNAs, but this is not fully understood. (elifesciences.org)
Box C/D RNAs are associated with four snoRNP core proteins: NOP56, NOP58, fibrillarin, and 15.5 kDa [ 5 - 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Box C/D RNAs contain the following functional elements: boxes C and D, which are essential for snoRNA interaction with specific proteins, and a guide sequence that determines the nucleotide to be modified (Figure 1(a) ). (hindawi.com)
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that encodes the information that cells need to produce proteins. (pharmaguideline.com)
Proteins are formed using the genetic code of the DNA. (eqtraining.sk)
It is the conversion of DNA instructions into proteins. (eqtraining.sk)
It states that the flow of genetic information is from DNA to intermediate RNA and then to proteins produced by the cell. (eqtraining.sk)
Once the provirus is integrated into the host cell DNA, it is transcribed using typical cellular mechanisms to produce viral proteins and genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)

Specific molecular analysis is made by single-strand confirmation polymorphism (SSCP), direct DNA analysis, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to search for the BTK mutation. (medscape.com)
In contrast, retroviruses, such as HIV, are RNA viruses that use an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which creates DNA from an RNA blueprint. (scientificamerican.com)
RNA-based duplication mediated by reverse transcriptase (RT), a process termed retrotransposition, is ongoing in humans and is a source of significant inter- and perhaps intraindividual genomic variation. (elsevierpure.com)
It consists of two major components: telomerase RNA (TER) and reverse transcriptase (TERT). (actanaturae.ru)
Telomerase consists of two major components: reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA (TER), which contains the template domain for the telomere repeat synthesis [ 9 ]. (actanaturae.ru)

261 essential genes from Bacillus subtilis , codon optimized for Escherichia coli in MoClo-compatible high-copy ampicillin resistance backbones. (freegenes.org)
Discovery of genes essential for life is the first step in creating a truly synthetic organism. (freegenes.org)
The Bacillus subtilis community has done an amazing job in curating a list of essential genes , and while the first published list goes back to 2003, the Bacillus subtilis community has continuously updated this list with results from new experiments. (freegenes.org)
In 2016, a paper was published using a CRISPR-based method for knocking down essential genes in Bacillus subtilis . (freegenes.org)
All the sgRNAs are available through the Bacillus Genetic Stock Center , which would allow for knockdown of native-sequence essential genes. (freegenes.org)
We took the list of essential genes from that 2016 paper and synthesized 261 of the 289 genes through Twist Biosciences. (freegenes.org)
All the essential genes have been recorded for expression in Escherichia coli and have been made MoClo compatible. (freegenes.org)
261 of the 289 essential genes from 2016 essential gene list are included in this distribution. (freegenes.org)
The essential genes included in the distribution at attached in essential_included.csv , while the essential genes not included are in essential_not_included.csv . (freegenes.org)
The PEP enzyme recognizes the -10 and -35 cis -elements, similar to those found in bacterial promoters whereas the NEP enzyme recognizes the YRTA-motif, which can also be found upstream of several genes with PEP promoters indicating that these genes can be transcribed by both polymerases ( Pfannschmidt and Liere, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
A confidence score, the Multiple Hit Score (MHS), was developed to predict each w Bm gene's essentiality based on the top alignments to essential genes in each bacterial strain. (biomedcentral.com)
This method was validated using a jackknife methodology to test the ability to recover known essential genes in a control genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Ranking w Bm genes by either MHS or GCS predicts and prioritizes potentially essential genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Comparison of the MHS to GCS produces quadrants representing four types of predictions: those with high confidence of essentiality by both methods (245 genes), those highly conserved across Rickettsiales (299 genes), those similar to distant essential genes (8 genes), and those with low confidence of essentiality (253 genes). (biomedcentral.com)
In organisms in which a genome wide essentiality survey has not been completed, additional approaches have been used to predict essential genes. (biomedcentral.com)
This comprehensive network maps genetic interactions for essential gene pairs, highlighting essential genes as densely connected hubs. (thebiogrid.org)
Mitochondrial DNA may also lose genes whose functions are substituted for by unrelated genes encoded in the nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)
Synthetic antisense RNAs are used to effect the functioning of specific genes for investigative or therapeutic purposes. (genomicglossaries.com)
Your DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the genes that determine who you are.How can this organic molecule control your characteristics? (eqtraining.sk)

The U.S. biochemist Arthur Kornberg did important work with deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ), the molecule that carries genetic information in the cells of all living organisms. (britannica.com)
Here, we describe optimized protocols for generalized transduction, applicable for the transfer of plasmid or chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from donor to recipient S. aureus strains. (bvsalud.org)
Molecular biologists have made many important theoretical advances from such comparisons, notably elucidation of the central role of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) as the carrier of genetic information in all free-living organisms. (nationalacademies.org)

24 In vivo substrates for the ubiquitination are not yet known, but involvement of the RNA polymerase-2 holoenzyme has been proposed. (bmj.com)

chromosome A chromosome is a long DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. (theinfolist.com)
A DNA molecule provides the "blueprint for life. (nationalacademies.org)
The primary mechanism in DNA replication is a semiconservative process, in which two strands are split, and two identical copies of the original DNA molecule are created. (pharmaguideline.com)

DNA replication, repair, and recombination. (pharmaguideline.com)
As we wrap up for today, I direct students to complete p. 1 ("Replication" questions only) to apply what they learned. (eqtraining.sk)
Shortening of the 5'-terminus of the daughter strand, caused by the removal of the terminal RNA-primer and the subsequent incomplete replication of linear DNA molecules, is observed during the genome replication occurring upon cell fission. (actanaturae.ru)
Certain single-strand, (+) sense RNA viruses termed retroviruses use a very different method of replication. (msdmanuals.com)

These 30 amino acids may physically orient domains II and III to support functional interactions between TFIIS and RNA polymerase II. (embl.de)
Cloning and characterization of two evolutionarily conserved subunits (TFIIIC102 and TFIIIC63) of human TFIIIC and their involvement in functional interactions with TFIIIB and RNA polymerase III. (embl.de)
b) Base-pairing interactions between an artificial box C/D RNA and target RNAs. (hindawi.com)

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA) are commonly known to be involved in the processing of precursor ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). (hindawi.com)
ribosomal RNA identification of the isolates showed high score similarity with Pseudomonas spp. (lu.se)
Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)

More recently, another group of researchers reported that they had developed a process for optimizing low- abundance RNA, by combining aRNA amplification with template- switching. (genomicglossaries.com)
DNA Amplification and Gel Electrophoresis: Introduction to DNA amplification and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Gel electrophoresis of DNA, Pulse-field agarose gel electrophoresis. (edu.pk)
Widely used RNA-seq methods start with adapter ligation and cDNA synthesis of biological RNA samples followed by PCR amplification to generate sequencing libraries1. (cdc.gov)
Nucleic Acid Amplification (NAA) test is an example of direct detection. (cdc.gov)
A technique that amplifies (copies) DNA or RNA segments, in Amplification (NAA) order to directly identify microorganisms in sputum specimens. (cdc.gov)

Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or essential macromolecules, required to survive all known forms of life on the planet. (pharmaguideline.com)

Recently, Np95 (also known as UHRF1 or ICBP90) has been found to interact with Dnmt1 and to bind hemimethylated DNA, indicating together with genetic studies a central role in the maintenance of DNA methylation. (cipsm.de)
DNA must be duplicated appropriately to maintain genetic code integrity. (pharmaguideline.com)
The integrity of DNA is vital for a cell's lifelong functioning and correct genetic information transmission from generation to generation. (pharmaguideline.com)
RNA links the genetic information contained in the DNA to the actual functioning of the cell. (pharmaguideline.com)
DNA contains the complete genetic information that defines the structure and function of an organism. (eqtraining.sk)
either DNA or RNA viruses may have single or double strands of genetic material. (msdmanuals.com)

a plastid-encoded bacterial-type RNA polymerase (PEP) and a nuclear-encoded phage-type RNA polymerase (NEP), which recognize distinct types of promoters. (frontiersin.org)
Specific RNA molecules, such as rRNAs and Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), are part of complex ribonucleoprotein structures with particular cell functions. (pharmaguideline.com)

To facilitate selection of potential drug targets we computationally ranked the w Bm genome based on confidence that a particular gene is essential for the survival of the bacterium. (biomedcentral.com)
A position-specific scoring-matrix (PSSM) was generated based on the consensus sequence recognized by AlgU in P. aeruginosa, which allowed the identification of direct AlgU targets in the A. vinelandii genome. (bvsalud.org)
The complete amount of DNA that defines any living organism is known as its genome. (nationalacademies.org)
However, large-scale nucleotide sequencing directed at the human genome (3 billion nucleotides! (nationalacademies.org)
Negative-sense RNA viruses possess a single-stranded negative-sense genome that first must synthesize a complementary positive-sense antigenome, which is then used to make genomic negative-sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)
the genome of RNA viruses ranges from 3.5 kilobases (some retroviruses) to 27 kilobases (some reoviruses), and the genome of DNA viruses ranges from 5 kilobases (some parvoviruses) to 280 kilobases (some poxviruses). (msdmanuals.com)
This manageable size together with the current advances in nucleotide sequencing technology means that partial and whole virus genome sequencing will become an essential component in epidemiologic investigations of disease outbreaks. (msdmanuals.com)

DNA is a kind of macromolecule present in all organisms and viruses that belongs to the nucleic acid family. (pharmaguideline.com)
RNA or DNA) sequences of interest in organisms present in a clinical specimen. (cdc.gov)

DNA methylation and histone modifications play a central role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and cell differentiation. (cipsm.de)
Box C/D snoRNAs direct 2′-O-methylation of rRNA nucleotides, and box H/ACA snoRNAs guide the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
rRNAs and snRNAs are the main natural targets of 2′-O-methylation that is mediated by box C/D RNAs. (hindawi.com)

As the mammalian cyclase OAS1 also binds viral double-stranded RNA during the interferon response, our results reveal a conserved mechanism for the activation of innate antiviral defence pathways. (bvsalud.org)

These structures reveal a unique, hitherto-unknown recognition mode of bacterial transcriptional promoters, both with respect to domain organization and binding to promoter DNA. (bvsalud.org)
87(5): 1663-1667] Specifically, the investigators started by priming whole cerebellar RNA with a synthetic oligonucleotide containing a T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. (genomicglossaries.com)
The first step is to identify the promoter, a DNA region that marks the gene's start. (pharmaguideline.com)

Despite its biological importance, transfer RNA (tRNA) could not be adequately sequenced by Author Manuscript standard methods due to abundant post-transcriptional modifications and stable structure, which interfere with cDNA synthesis. (cdc.gov)

RNA molecules which hybridize to complementary sequences in either RNA or DNA altering the function of the latter. (genomicglossaries.com)
Bioinformatics analysis revealed that some of these orphan RNAs were complementary to pre-mRNAs or mature mRNAs [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
The complementary base pairing principles of DNA guides each ribonucleotide. (pharmaguideline.com)
A piece of single-stranded nucleic acid that hybridizes specifically to the complementary sequence of RNA or DNA in the sample. (cdc.gov)

High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has revolutionized our understanding of gene expression. (cdc.gov)

Researchers at Stanford University used such a method to produce amplified heterogeneous populations of RNA from limited quantities of cDNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
Amplified RNA synthesized from limited quantities of heterogeneous cDNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
After second- strand cDNA synthesis, T7 RNA polymerase was used to generate aRNA. (genomicglossaries.com)

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. (nih.gov)

An in-depth analysis of phage genomic sequences is essential for the proposal of a cocktail for therapeutic uses. (bvsalud.org)

From 1942 to 1953 he directed research on enzymes and metabolism at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Md. (britannica.com)
But our own cells also rely on enzymes that transcribe DNA, so it is much harder to inhibit such enzymes without harming our own cells. (scientificamerican.com)
Because coronaviruses use RNA-dependent enzymes, an antiviral such as remdesivir has a good chance of working against them, De Clercq notes. (scientificamerican.com)
Repair mechanisms continuously scan DNA for damages and activate relevant repair enzymes. (pharmaguideline.com)

Additionally, unscheduled DNA synthesis, consistent with HR at damaged NORs, can be observed in G1 cells. (diagenode.com)
TER is a non-coding RNA, and it contains the region which serves as a template for telomere synthesis. (actanaturae.ru)
tRNAs are essential for cells and their synthesis is under stringent cellular control. (cdc.gov)

Finally, recombination across genomes helps maintain species diversity and repair damaged DNA. (pharmaguideline.com)

Endogenous antisense RNAs function as regulators of gene expression by a variety of mechanisms. (genomicglossaries.com)

The template strand produces single-stranded RNA molecules. (pharmaguideline.com)

RNA which contains an intron sequence that has an enzyme- like catalytic activity. (genomicglossaries.com)
Using a two-color assay to simultaneously monitor poly(A) tail removal from different RNAs, we demonstrate that Puf3 can distinguish between RNAs of very similar sequence. (elifesciences.org)
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partiaal strand ATG TGA CAG. (eqtraining.sk)

Chloroplast biogenesis and function is essential for proper plant embryo and seed development but the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of plastids during embryogenesis are poorly understood. (frontiersin.org)

He discovered an enzyme called DNA polymerase that is a key part of the mechanism by which DNA molecules are duplicated. (britannica.com)

Telomerase RNA TERC and the PI3K-AKT pathway form a positive feedback loop to regulate cell proliferation independent of telomerase activity. (nih.gov)

The authors demonstrate that SigN is toxic in its own right, causing cell death by potently outcompeting the housekeeping sigma factor for access to RNA polymerase. (bvsalud.org)

Using Co-IP assays and native PAGE we have shown a direct physical interaction between PRIN2 and CSP41b. (frontiersin.org)
A conserved charged stretch in the linker region (residues 89-95, DPTLPR) mediated the interaction with RNA polymerase II. (embl.de)
a) Schematics of a guide box C/D snoRNA structure and the interaction between a snoRNA and target RNAs. (hindawi.com)

In study by Ono and coworkers, such an antisense element was placed into HBII-180C box C/D RNA instead of the structural element referred to as the M box [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)

The main function of the nucleoplasm is to provide the proper environment for essential processes that take place in the nucleus, serving as the suspension substance for all organelles inside the nucleus, and storing the structures that are used in these processes. (theinfolist.com)
DNA viruses typically replicate in the host cell nucleus, and RNA viruses typically replicate in the cytoplasm. (msdmanuals.com)

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are repaired by two main pathways: nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination (HR). Repair pathway choice is thought to be determined by cell cycle timing and chromatin context. (diagenode.com)
aRNA is RNA that is transcribed from the coding, rather than the template, strand of DNA. (genomicglossaries.com)
Replicated DNA starts at a particular origin, moves in both directions along the strand, and finishes differently. (pharmaguideline.com)
RNA polymerase then starts copying from a particular place on one strand of DNA utilising a ribonucleoside 5′-triphosphate to create the expanding chain. (pharmaguideline.com)
Single-strand RNA viruses are further divided into those with (+) sense and (-) sense RNA. (msdmanuals.com)

Remdesivir works by inhibiting an enzyme known as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, which many RNA viruses-including coronaviruses-use to replicate themselves. (scientificamerican.com)

Fig. 2: RNA truncation caused by translation inhibition. (nature.com)

Cho, J. Transposon-derived non-coding RNAs and their function in plants. (nature.com)

A localized nucleolar DNA damage response facilitates recruitment of the homology-directed repair machinery independent of cell cycle stage. (diagenode.com)
Colocalisation of BARD1 with BRCA1 and RAD51 in response to DNA damage indicates a role in DNA repair, 19, 20 which is supported by the recent observation of BARD1 participation along with BRCA1 in homology directed repair of chromosome breaks. (bmj.com)

Parapoxvirus is a genus of double-stranded DNA viruses (family Poxviridae ) that contains 4 virus species: orf virus, bovine papular stomatitis virus, parapoxvirus of red deer, and pseudocowpoxvirus. (cdc.gov)

Currently, there are three basic types of tests to determine if an individual has been infected with SARS-CoV-2: viral nucleic acid (RNA) detection, viral antigen detection, and detection of antibodies to the virus. (medscape.com)
Initial direct viral detection is typically performed using an upper respiratory tract (URT) specimen. (medscape.com)

Site-specific recombination is often linked to parasite dispersion of DNA segments. (pharmaguideline.com)

The Nucleic acid metabolism consists of the DNA metabolism in which there are three main processes, i.e. (pharmaguideline.com)
There are three different stages of RNA metabolism. (pharmaguideline.com)
These results contribute to a better more biomass-derived carbohydrates are also used for produc- understanding of the aromatic metabolism of P. putida in tion of chemicals, a further valorization of lignin is an essential terms of growth and uptake rates, which will be helpful for component. (lu.se)

Diagnosis of Lassa fever has also advanced from basic serological tests to more sophisticated methods such as quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and sequencing, which are particularly useful for identifying outbreak strains. (bvsalud.org)

Author Manuscript class of cellular RNA for which the standard sequencing methods cannot yet be applied efficiently and quantitatively, although attempts have been made (e.g. ref 2). (cdc.gov)

In 1956 he found evidence that an enzyme-later named DNA polymerase-acted as a catalyst in the polymerization, or stringing together, of nucleotides into DNA molecules. (britannica.com)

Here, we suggest that plant transposon RNAs undergo frequent ribosome stalling caused by their unfavourable codon usage. (nature.com)
When designing expression constructs, make sure that the vector does indeed encode a properly spaced ribosome binding site and also analyze for secondary structure at the five prime end of the messenger RNA. (neb.com)

Anatomy13

Organisms31

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs123

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Phenomena and Processes70

Information Science4

Health Care2

Subunit7

Transcription15

Protein19

MRNA15

Ribonucleic acid1

Eukaryotic2

Proteins11

Reverse transcriptase5

Genes19

Deoxyribonucleic acid3

Holoenzyme1

Molecule3

Replication4

Interactions3

Ribosomal3

Amplification5

Nucleic acids1

Genetic6

Nuclear2

Genome7

Organisms2

Methylation3

Mammalian1

Promoter3

TRNA1

Complementary4

High-Throughput1

CDNA3

Ribonucleoprotein1

Genomic1

Enzymes4

Synthesis3

Genomes1

Endogenous1

Single-stranded1

Sequence3

Molecular1

Enzyme called1

Telomerase1

Sigma factor1

Interaction3

Structural1

Nucleus2

Strand5

Replicate1

Inhibition1

Function1

Homology-direct2

Viruses1

Viral2

Segments1

Metabolism3

Chain1

Cellular1

Nucleotides1

Ribosome2