Consistent with a specific function of Dync1h1 within the outer segment, immunolocalization showed that this protein and other subunits of Dynein1 and Dynactin localized to the ciliary axoneme of the outer segment, in addition to their predicted inner segment localization. (nih.gov)
We first confirmed that MEFs successfully do not exhibit KIF3A (Fig 1A) and neglect to type major cilia upon serum hunger, unlike WT MEFs, as dependant on immunofluorescence staining from the ciliary axoneme using an antibody against acetylated -tubulin (Fig 1B). (phytid.org)
Dense fibers1
Due to the mitochondrial helix that forms around the core of the axoneme-outer dense fibers complex, the midpiece has a large diameter relative to the rest of the cell [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Basal Bodies3
Centrin can be found in the transitional region of the axoneme, the bridge between the nucleus and the basal body, and both the proximal and distal fibres connecting the two basal bodies. (prospecbio.com)
Many BBS proteins localize to the basal bodies, ciliary axonemes, and pericentriolar regions of cells. (nih.gov)
In premitotic cells p210 was located in a fibrous layer at the distal end of nascent basal bodies, which was perforated by the outgrowing axoneme. (lookformedical.com)
Sperm flagellum2
The sperm-specific ion channel CatSper is the principal calcium channel in sperm mediating the calcium influx into the sperm flagellum and acting as an essential modulator of downstream mechanisms involved in fertilization. (123dok.net)
RNA-seq analysis of their testis revealed differential gene expression of components of the axoneme and sperm flagellum as well as steroid metabolic processes. (ul.ie)
Microtubules9
Axonemal dynein causes sliding of microtubules in the axonemes of cilia and flagella and is found only in cells that have those structures. (wikipedia.org)
Thus kinesin-13 positively regulates the axoneme length, influences the properties of ciliary tubulin, and likely indirectly, through its effects on the axonemal microtubules, affects the ciliary dynein-dependent motility. (emory.edu)
Ciliary microtubules acquire a wide variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs), including the addition of polyglycine and polyglutamate to the C-termini of alpha and beta-tubulin, which are distributed asymmetrically throughout the axoneme. (uga.edu)
The vinca alkaloid drugs ( e.g., vinblastine and vincristine), which are sometimes used in the treatment of cancer, also bind to microtubules and inhibit formation of the mitotic spindle, which is essential for cell proliferation. (pediagenosis.com)
All of these microtubules and their associated proteins are anchored to a basal body that is responsible for the formation of a core structure called the axoneme . (pediagenosis.com)
The axoneme is a bundle of microtubules that is surrounded by a membrane that is a component of the plasma membrane and is 1 to 2 nm in length and 0.2 m in diameter. (risingacademy.org)
There are nine outside pairs of microtubules, known as doublets, and two centre singlet microtubules, each with 13 protofilaments, embedded in the ciliary matrix that fills each axoneme. (risingacademy.org)
7 IFT is an important bidirectional transport of multisubunit protein complexes (IFT particles) along the axonemal microtubules that is essential to normal cilia assembly, function, and maintenance. (nature.com)
Radial spokes4
Electron microscope examination of the isolated axoneme of pf-14 showed that it lacks the radial spokes but is otherwise structurally normal. (rupress.org)
These findings indicated that both the radial spokes and the central tubule-central sheath complex are essential for conversion of interdoublet sliding into axonemal bending. (rupress.org)
Radial spokes are conserved macromolecular complexes that are essential for ciliary motility. (emory.edu)
Sliding is changed into bending because the arms are activated in a certain order both inside and outside the axoneme and because the radial spokes and inter-doublet linkages limit how much sliding is possible. (risingacademy.org)
Axonemal1
In axonemes from mutants that lack both the outer dynein arms and the MIA complex, I1 dynein failed to assemble, suggesting physical interactions between these three axonemal complexes and a role for the MIA complex in the stable assembly of I1 dynein. (emory.edu)
Flagellum2
One conclusion made in this study is that the flagellum of sperm cells are formed in a unique way that we named cytoplasmic ciliogenesis, as in this type of ciliogenesis the cilium axoneme is exposed to the cytoplasm. (utoledo.edu)
Cilia, essential motile and sensory organelles, have several compartments: the basal body, transition zone, and the middle and distal axoneme segments. (pasteur.fr)
Cryo-electron tomography of mia mutant axonemes revealed that the MIA complex was located immediately distal to the intermediate/light chain complex of I1 dynein and structurally appeared to connect with the nexin-dynein regulatory complex. (emory.edu)
Mutants3
axonemes of these mutants are missing three high molecular weight proteins which are probably components of the central tubule-central sheath complex. (rupress.org)
Under conditions where wild-type axonemes reactivated, axonemes of the three mutants remained intact but did not form bends. (rupress.org)
Nonetheless, we showed that Asterless is instead essential for centriole duplication and that the absence of aster formation in asterless mutants is due to their lack of centrioles. (utoledo.edu)
Cilium6
Most of these adult cells must have two structures known as the centrioles, which are essential for building the cell's antenna (the cilium) and skeleton (cytoskeleton) as well as for accurate cell division. (utoledo.edu)
Recently we have discovered that cytoplasmic cilia are formed due to the migration of the cilium gate (the transition zone) away from the centriole exposing the axoneme to the cytoplasm. (utoledo.edu)
As Ftm is not essential for cilia assembly but for full Shh response, Ftm can be considered as a novel component for cilium-related Hh signalling. (silverchair.com)
Previously we have shown that the cilium is essential for the anabolic response to loading and the inflammatory response to interleukin-1β (IL-1β). (biomedcentral.com)
The axoneme serves as the internal framework that sup- ports the cilium and provides a structure on which mechanical movement is generated. (pediagenosis.com)
Ciliary compartmentalisation is essential for function, and the transition zone (TZ), found at the proximal end of the cilium, has recently emerged as a key player in regulating this process. (biomedcentral.com)
Mitotic2
1996) An essential bipolar mitotic motor. (ucdavis.edu)
CDPK4 has a role in male gamete formation: in male gametocytes axoneme formation, formation of mitotic spindles and DNA synthesis is inhibited/blocked (see RMgm-12 ). (pberghei.eu)
Deflagellation2
We propose that some genes involved in severing the axoneme during deflagellation and preceding mitosis are shared. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Hence, although deflagellation itself isn't essential to lifestyle, genes encoding protein involved with both processes will be important. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Proteins1
In CDPK4-3xHA immunoprecipitates following crosslinking, 19 proteins are enriched over wild-type controls, including GAP40, MyoA and GAC, three proteins essential for the IMC biogenesis or gliding motility. (pberghei.eu)
Protein5
Dynein1 is a large minus-end directed, microtubule motor protein complex that has been implicated in multiple, essential cellular processes. (nih.gov)
However, knock-down of Dynactin subunits suggested that this protein complex, which is known to augment many Dynein1 activities, is only essential for inner segment processes as outer segment morphogenesis was normal. (nih.gov)
These observations, combined with protein localization studies, suggest that Dynein1 may have direct and essential functions in photoreceptor outer segments, in addition to inner segment functions. (nih.gov)
Centrin is a type of protein that is essential for practically all eukaryotic cells. (prospecbio.com)
The study of RP1L1 −/− mice also showed that the RP1L1 protein is located in the axoneme of the outer segments and connecting cilia exclusively in rod photoreceptors. (molvis.org)
Embryonic development3
The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is essential for embryonic development and tissue regeneration. (regenmedres-journal.org)
In a collaborative project with the Gaertig lab, our goal is to understand how structural asymmetry is established within the cilia, and how this translates into directional motility essential for embryonic development in zebrafish. (uga.edu)
Cilia also act in sensory roles at critical stages of embryonic development, and they are essential for the normal functioning of many tissues, including the kidney, during postnatal life. (pediagenosis.com)
Motile2
1997) Heterotrimeric kinesin-II is required for the assembly of motile 9+2 ciliary axonemes on sea urchin embryos. (ucdavis.edu)
Motile cilia (also interchangeably called "flagella") are conserved organelles extending from the surface of many animal cells and play essential functions in eukaryotes, including cell motility and environmental sensing. (emory.edu)
Metabolism1
Researchers found that it was essential in calcium channel metabolism. (prospecbio.com)
Motility2
The MIA complex appears to regulate I1 dynein and possibly outer arm dyneins, which are both essential for normal motility. (emory.edu)
Combined bovine and murine data indicate the essential metabolic role of AK9 in sperm motility and/or hyperactivation, which in turn affects sperm binding and penetration of the zona pellucida. (ul.ie)
Processes2
In the development of invertebrates and vertebrates, the members of the hedgehog (HH) signaling family mediate many essential processes, including short-term and long-term modeling. (regenmedres-journal.org)
A number of processes are essential to maintain effective MCC including regulation of ion channel activity, ciliary beat frequency (CBF), mucin expression and secretion and mucus viscosity [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Centrioles1
The basal body, an intracellular granule that starts from the centrioles and is located in the cell cortex, is related to the axoneme. (risingacademy.org)
Regulator1
components signaling through VEGFR2 is the essential acid that specifies regulator by buffering the inhibitor, topic, suggesting and inflammation of G1 carbons( ECs), and tightly by activating Subcellular areThe( Lohela et al. (erik-mill.de)
Structures1
Axonemes of cilia are inherently asymmetric, microtubule-based structures that are found on nearly every non-dividing vertebrate cell. (uga.edu)
Normal1
Proper morphogenesis of photoreceptor neurons is essential for their normal function and survival. (nih.gov)
Nuclear2
One of the paralogues, Kin13Ap, localizes to the nuclei and is essential for nuclear divisions. (emory.edu)
BBS4 Is Essential for Nuclear Transport of Transcription Factors Mediating Neuronal ER Stress Response. (nih.gov)
Cells2
It is essential for the division of the germinal cells. (online-sciences.com)
Estrogens formed from testosterone by the Sertoli cells when they are stimulated by follicle-stimulating hormone, are probably also essential for spermiogenesis, Inhibin depresses spermatogenesis by inhibiting FSH secretion. (online-sciences.com)
Function1
Before our publication, for nearly ten years, it was believed that Asterless was only essential for the function of the mature centrosome. (utoledo.edu)