• Contains tryptophan, which stimulates the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that is essential in the regulation of sleep and mood, thus aiding in recovery. (prolab.com)
  • If you consider yourself a gym-bunny, Lysine is the amino acid for you, since it focuses on building muscle, maintaining bone strength, regulating hormones and aiding recovery from injuries. (goodhemp.com)
  • Next to the 8 essential aminos, I will try to discuss a number of them that have made the headlines recently: L-Glutamine, L-Arginine , L-Carnitine, L-Cysteine, and HMB. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Additionally, the amino acids arginine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, proline and tyrosine are considered conditionally essential, which means that specific populations who do not synthesize it in adequate amounts, such as new born infants and people with diseased livers who are unable to synthesize cysteine, must obtain one or more of these conditionally essential amino acids from their diet. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cysteine (or sulfur-containing amino acids), tyrosine (or aromatic amino acids), and arginine are always required by infants and growing children. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each amino acid works by itself, and in tandem with other amino acids, on particular components of the body structure (for example, Arginine helps produce the keratin for hair and nails and enhances immune function). (selfgrowth.com)
  • Each 1 scoop (41 g) serving typically has more than 4,400 mg of branched chain amino acids and over 2,000 mg of L-Arginine. (swansonvitamins.com)
  • Significant (after false discovery rate correction) KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways included aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis, and metabolism of multiple amino acids. (nature.com)
  • The vital roles of amino acids in fetal nutrition and metabolism are consistent with our recent findings of the predominance of glutamine in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid and the unusual abundance of arginine and ornithine in the allantoic fluid, Wu et al . (scialert.net)
  • In addition arginine and histidine are amino acids required by infants and young children which supports their rapid growth. (hsis.org)
  • It delivers all nine essential amino acids plus an extra amount of the nonessential amino acid l-arginine. (amway.com)
  • [ 9 , 10 ] As a consequence of this mutation, a substitution occurs in which the cysteine or the histidine-amino acids of the genomic DNA in the osteoblastic cells-is replaced by arginine. (medscape.com)
  • Beta-alanine helps regulate acid in muscles and prevent this fatigue. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Beta-alanine is a non-essential amino acid. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, beta-alanine joins with the amino acid histidine to form a dipeptide called carnosine . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Beta-Alanine is a non-essential amino acid that is used by muscle cells to synthesize Carnosine. (allstarhealth.com)
  • Carnosine is a dipeptide (Beta-Alanine plus Histidine) that functions as a buffer for the hydrogen ions (acid) produced during strenuous exercise, thus helping to maintain optimum muscular pH. (allstarhealth.com)
  • Taurine, as well as various other BCAAS, is essential for synthesis of collagen and elastin. (discovermagazine.com)
  • At the bottom of the spectrum are branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). (bodyhealth.com)
  • This is one of the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). (jackednutrition.pk)
  • EAA Max provides a full essential amino acid profile including a full 5g dose of 2:1:1 BCAAs to support muscle growth, repair, and recovery! (primevallabs.com)
  • EAA Max provides a complete essential amino acid profile PLUS a full serving of 2:1:1 BCAAs for maximal muscle growth, repair, and recovery! (primevallabs.com)
  • The most effective and beneficial supplements in any bodybuilder`s arsenal are branch chain amino acids or BCAA`s because they metabolize in the persons muscles, rather than in their liver. (criticalbench.com)
  • Last of the three BCAA that is essential for the metabolism of muscles, production of hemoglobin and energy (ATP), and immunological functions. (jackednutrition.pk)
  • While there's nothing wrong with BCAA supplements, they simply do not provide the full spectrum of amino acids the body requires for protein synthesis. (primevallabs.com)
  • SynerProTein provides 18g of soya protein per serving and is a great source of all eight essential amino acids. (synergy-health.co.uk)
  • The building blocks of protein, there are eight essential amino acids which cannot be synthesised within the body and therefore must come from the diet. (hsis.org)
  • For use as a supplementary protein source, where essential amino acids only are required, rather than whole protein or peptides e.g. in severe malabsorption and allergy or acute liver failure when a liver related inborn error of metabolism is suspected. (nutricia.co.nz)
  • Amino Acids also help to promote the production of Peptides, which can help to reduce the formation of wrinkles and also promote skin regeneration. (nivea.co.uk)
  • There have not been any reported side effects with essential amino acids: excess essential amino acids are usually converted to other amino acids or peptides, used up as energy, or stored up as fat. (musclefeast.com)
  • Phe is one of the essential amino acids in the human body and metabolized via the conversion of coenzyme tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) into tyrosine (Tyr) under the action of Phe hydroxylase (PAH) [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Others are considered conditionally essential amino acids, meaning that they're nonessential 1 (i.e., your body produces them) except under specific circumstances, such as illness or stress. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • Six other amino acids are considered conditionally essential in the human diet, meaning their synthesis can be limited under special pathophysiological conditions, such as prematurity in the infant or individuals in severe catabolic distress. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conditionally essential amino acids are usually not essential, except in times of illness and stress. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Conditionally essential amino acids - this type of aminos are generally not essential, except in times of illness or stress, in which they become depleted and need to be replenished. (australiansportsnutrition.com.au)
  • These conditionally essential nutrients must then be supplied by the diet. (msdmanuals.com)
  • EAAs are called "essential" because the body cannot synthesize them on its own. (primevallabs.com)
  • In this study, the contents of nutritional compounds from nine common North Atlantic red macroalgae were compared: the lipid content was low and constant among the species, whereas the fatty acid profiles indicated that these species constitute interesting sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). (scirp.org)
  • Another class of biomolecules of nutritional value from macroalgae is the essential ω3 fatty acids, which are composed of long-chain PUFAs. (scirp.org)
  • Essential fatty acids must be provided in a pet's diet because they cannot be synthesized by a dog in sufficient amounts. (derryhumanesociety.com)
  • A deficiency of essential fatty acids may result in reduced growth or increased skin problems. (derryhumanesociety.com)
  • Omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids play a vital role in healing inflammation. (derryhumanesociety.com)
  • Replacing some omega-6 with omega-3 fatty acids can lessen an inflammatory reaction-whether it is in the skin (due to allergies), the joints (from arthritis), the intestines (from inflammatory bowel disease) or even in the kidneys (from progressive renal failure).The optimal ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids for dogs is between 5 and 10 to 1. (derryhumanesociety.com)
  • L-Glutamine, which is essentially an amino acid, is yet another bodybuilding supplement that is known for helping speed up muscle recovery and providing a range of other benefits. (healthtechzone.com)
  • Pyrrolysine (considered the 22nd amino acid), which is proteinogenic only in certain microorganisms, is not used by and therefore non-essential for most organisms, including humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pyrrolysine, sometimes considered the "22nd amino acid", is not used by the human body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although pyrrolysine is the 22nd amino acid, it doesn't participate in human protein synthesis. (discovermagazine.com)
  • When you eat a protein food, it gets digested in the stomach and intestine into individual amino acids and short chains of amino acids that are small enough to be absorbed into the bloodstream. (criticalbench.com)
  • When you eat a food that is high in protein, your body digests the protein into individual amino acids and short links of amino acids that are small enought to be absorbed into the bloodstream. (criticalbench.com)
  • If you are not eating a balanced, healthy diet or are recovering from years of an improper diet, it may be recommended you supplement with a multiple-amino acid product until the diet is consistently maintained in a healthy manner. (selfgrowth.com)
  • So why the need for an amino acid supplement? (bodyhealth.com)
  • PerfectAmino is an amino acid supplement that is 99% utilized by the body to make protein. (bodyhealth.com)
  • These individuals often require higher protein levels, which is best accomplished with an essential amino acid supplement like PerfectAmino. (bodyhealth.com)
  • As a dietary supplement, take 4 Amino Complete™ capsules 1 to 3 times daily, with or between meals, preferably with juice. (vitacart.com)
  • Essential amino acids are another excellent bodybuilding supplement that can maximize muscle recovery after a workout. (healthtechzone.com)
  • The long wait is over now as we've launched EAA Max -- the best tasting amino acid supplement on the market. (primevallabs.com)
  • EAA Max is your all day, every day amino acid supplement. (primevallabs.com)
  • XS™ Muscle Multiplier*‡ Essential Amino Acid Supplement , for example, was shown in a recent clinical study to increase power and strength in participants who used it daily for 10 weeks. (amway.com)
  • Consequently, only a subset of the amino acids used in protein synthesis are essential nutrients. (wikipedia.org)
  • In catabolism, molecules break down producing energy During anabolism, synthesis of essential compounds needed by the cells are produced (such as DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis). (123helpme.com)
  • Protein is a macronutrient that's essential to building muscle mass and it's made up of organic compounds called amino acids - these little guys are the molecular building blocks (and stimulators of protein synthesis ) that allow us to develop, grow and function properly as humans - so, they're a pretty big deal! (goodhemp.com)
  • Some essential amino acid supplements can support muscle protein synthesis , which is important for everyone, but especially after intense exercise. (amway.com)
  • When hundreds or thousands of amino acids attach to each other in long chains, they form protein, a macronutrient which helps to build and repair muscles (ideal after a tough workout), maintain bone strength, regulate hormones and repair body tissue. (goodhemp.com)
  • Essential amino acids are those that the body cannot produce on its own and must be acquired through diet or supplements. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Among the most beneficial and effective supplements in any sports nutrition program are branched chain amino acids. (criticalbench.com)
  • Bodybuilding supplements such as creatine monohydrate, essential amino acids, and whey protein can help maximize and expedite muscle recovery after workouts. (healthtechzone.com)
  • Furthermore, some supplements are beneficial in the recovery process since they help your body remove lactic acid more quickly. (healthtechzone.com)
  • Essential Amino Acids: These are Amino Acids that are not produced by the body and are only gained through eating specific foods and taking supplements that contain them. (nivea.co.uk)
  • This type of amino acids can not be made by our body, therefore, we have to acquire them from other sources such as food and supplements. (jackednutrition.pk)
  • That's why taking amino acid supplements can help you make the most of your workout routine, whether it's three times a week or one time a week. (amway.com)
  • But if that sounds unrealistic, essential amino acid supplements are an easy way to fill any gaps you might have in your diet. (amway.com)
  • Certain essential amino acid dietary supplements may also provide your muscles with the proper nutrients to help them reach a muscle-building state," Arterburn said, "not to mention that they may help speed up recovery and improve performance for your next workout. (amway.com)
  • The pathways for the synthesis of nonessential amino acids come from basic metabolic pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • A transamination reaction takes place in the synthesis of most amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Essential amino acids, also known as 'indispensable amino acids', are those that must come from a person's diet because the human body lacks the metabolic pathways required to synthesis these particular amino acids. (discovermagazine.com)
  • In addition to the 20 amino acids that are naturally occurring, selenocysteine is another acid that can be incorporated into protein chains during synthesis. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Choline is essential for the production of cellular membranes and plays a crucial role in acetylcholine synthesis and cholinergic neurotransmission. (versus.com)
  • Histidine is one of the essential raw materials for the synthesis of some pharmaceutical intermediates. (nmn-powder.com)
  • However, under certain conditions, such as illness or stress, synthesis of normally nonessential nutrients may be compromised, thus making them essential. (msdmanuals.com)
  • For health conditions including metabolic syndrome and anxiety 4 , doctors have had success treating patients with therapeutic doses of specific amino acids. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • When protein is digested it is once again broken down into specific amino acids, that are then selectively put together for different uses. (bodybuilding.com)
  • DESCRIPTION: Histidine is a semi-essential amino acid. (drstandley.com)
  • Histidine is considered semi-essential amino acid because the body does not always require it. (selfgrowth.com)
  • L-histidine is a semi-essential amino acid that is particularly important for infants and animals. (nmn-powder.com)
  • 5. Histidine is a semi-essential amino acid that is particularly important for infants and animals. (nmn-powder.com)
  • Nine of them are called "essential" amino acids: These organic molecules obtained from protein-containing foods are crucial to countless processes in our bodies, including giving cells their structure, forming organs and muscles, repairing tissue, producing energy, and more. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • While it's true that most plant foods don't contain all nine essential amino acids in adequate proportions, vegetarians and vegans can ensure healthy intake by consuming a variety of plant protein sources over the course of a day. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • This concept is important when determining the selection, number, and amount of foods to consume because even when total protein and all other essential amino acids are satisfied if the limiting amino acid is not satisfied then the meal is considered to be nutritionally limited by that amino acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Amino acids occur in very different concentrations in different foods. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Some plant foods also provide a good source of protein, and amino acids. (selfgrowth.com)
  • The product image of NOW Foods - Amino Complete, Amino Acids Complex - 360 Capsules shown on this page may differ from actual size and flavor, or due to packaging update. (vitacart.com)
  • Choose one (1) of the 'Histidine' foods below and incorporate them into your diet today. (drstandley.com)
  • Amino acids are found in many of the foods you eat. (criticalbench.com)
  • They give us the ability to taste delicious foods and act as an energy source used to complete day-to-day activities, but did you also know that Amino Acids have a handful of benefits for your skin? (nivea.co.uk)
  • Eating different foods in combination that combine different essential amino acids can easily create a complete protein. (getvegan.com)
  • Please note: It is impossible to accurately determine the fatty acid ratio of a diet if the owner prepares home-cooked foods. (derryhumanesociety.com)
  • You can find essential amino acids in many foods, including beef, eggs, and dairy. (dmoose.com)
  • Since these amino acids are only present in foods, you'll want to make sure you include them in your diet. (amway.com)
  • The importance of amino acids as the precursors of enzymes and neurotransmitters is one of the most important roles they play. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Histidine is widely present at the active sites of enzymes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Often referred to as the "building blocks of life," amino acids are naturally found in our bodies and are required to produce enzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters, and more. (australiansportsnutrition.com.au)
  • Often, if the diet has not been properly maintained for long periods of time, essential amino acid supplementation must be adhered to until the levels are corrected, and the proper diet is being consistently maintained. (selfgrowth.com)
  • They are classified as 'semi-essential' because supplementation of these is 'highly beneficial' for the body to function optimally during illness, or in situations of starvation or stress. (selfgrowth.com)
  • It may be used for those requiring essential amino acid supplementation and in the dietary management of certain urea cycle disorders and arginase deficiency. (nutricia.co.uk)
  • Non-essential amino acids - this refers to the aminos that our bodies can produce on its own, even if not sourced from food or supplementation. (australiansportsnutrition.com.au)
  • Essential amino acids - this refers to aminos that your body cannot produce and, thus, must be sourced from food and/or supplementation. (australiansportsnutrition.com.au)
  • There are 9 essential amino acids that your body needs to function and thrive but can't produce on its own so you need to get them from food. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • The nine essential amino acids, on the other hand, cannot be created by the body and must always be obtained from food. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • The 11 other essential amino acids are usually non-essential, meaning your body produces them naturally and you don't need to worry about getting them from food. (mindbodygreen.com)
  • Since aminos are the building blocks of protein, I'm sure you get plenty of all of them, but this article will show you the benefits of supplementing with extra free form amino acids, going in to deep detail of what too much or too little of several of them can do, what they do in the body and how much and when you should use them. (bodybuilding.com)
  • In the human body, histidine is needed for the growth and repair of tissue of all kind. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Six amino acids are non-essential (dispensable) in humans, meaning they can be synthesized in sufficient quantities in the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Protein plays an incredibly important role in almost every biological process of the body - and amino acids are the building blocks. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Essential amino acids cannot be made in the human body and must be supplied by the diet . (selfgrowth.com)
  • Semi-essential amino acids can be made in the human body, but not in sufficient quantities. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Non-essential amino acids are normally made by the body in sufficient quantities, although during times of stress, illness or starvation/improper diet, they may need to be re-classified under Essential or Semi-essential. (selfgrowth.com)
  • When your body produces more amino acids than it breaks down, you're in a 'positive amino-acid balance,' also known as a muscular or anabolic condition. (discovermagazine.com)
  • The amino acids that are not essential for the human body (also known as "dispensable amino acids") can be synthesized by the body. (discovermagazine.com)
  • What are essential amino acids and why are they good for the human body? (discovermagazine.com)
  • There are 20 amino acids that the human body needs for proper growth and function, and of these, nine are considered essential. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Non-essential amino acids are not required by the body to function properly, as they can be produced by the body itself. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Non-essential amino acids can also be converted into glucose, which is used by the body for energy. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Amino acids can also be used as a source of energy by the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Essential amino acids cannot be made by the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Pea protein is easy for the body to use and convert into essential amino acids. (vitanetonline.com)
  • These amino acids have far reaching effects in the body from building and repairing tissues, to producing chemicals that enable our brains to function optimally. (criticalbench.com)
  • Your body can make non-essential amino acids by itself from vitamins and other amino acids. (criticalbench.com)
  • In this article you are going to learn what amino acids are, what they do for your body, and in my opinion, the most effective amino acids for a better body. (criticalbench.com)
  • Now that you`ve learned what amino acids are and what they do for your body, it`s time to learn the difference between essential and non-essential amino acids. (criticalbench.com)
  • Non essential amino acids are amino acids that can be produced in our body and therefore it is not essential that we get them from our diet. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Amino Acids play an important role in our body and makeup around 20% of its entirety. (nivea.co.uk)
  • Non-essential Amino Acids: These are Amino Acids that have been produced by the body. (nivea.co.uk)
  • Your body digests and breaks it down upon consuming protein, and amino acids are what's left in the body. (australiansportsnutrition.com.au)
  • L-HISTADINE has purposely been removed from the formula due to medical professionals stating they have never or extremely rarely seen a defiency in l-histidine and the significant negative role this amino acid have in the body when it is to abundant. (musclefeast.com)
  • Essential amino acids are amino acids (building blocks of protein) that cannot be made by the body. (musclefeast.com)
  • Essential to life, water accounts for between 60 to 70 percent of an adult pet's body weight. (derryhumanesociety.com)
  • On the other hand, eleven out of twenty amino acids are non-essential and they can be created by our body. (jackednutrition.pk)
  • How Many Essential Amino Acids Your Body Needs? (dmoose.com)
  • To study the essential amino acids in our body, let us first see what amino acids are. (dmoose.com)
  • There are thousands of protein types in your body, each with an essential feature. (dmoose.com)
  • Amino acids play distinct roles in the body. (dmoose.com)
  • Your body does not make these nine essential amino acids, so you should consume them from the food you eat. (dmoose.com)
  • By now we know that each of the 9 essential amino acids plays a vital role in helping the body maintain optimal health, but how? (goodhemp.com)
  • Essential Amino Acids (EAA's), on the other hand, contain the entire range of amino acids the body demands when it needs to build new tissue. (primevallabs.com)
  • Both categories of amino acids play a vital role in supporting a healthy body and exercise endurance. (amway.com)
  • Getting essential amino acids from the food you eat is the best way to give your body the nutrients it needs," Arterburn said. (amway.com)
  • Nutrients that cannot be synthesized by the body and thus must be derived from the diet are considered essential. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Amino acid is an organic chemical that has a carbon-hydrogen bond. (dmoose.com)
  • A complete spectrum of amino acids and optimum health can only be brought forth by gearing your protein intake to these 8 aminos. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Of those 20-22, 8 to 10 of them are considered essential, which means that you need to get a certain amount of them in your diet to function properly - our bodies cannot synthesize them from other materials, so we only get them from food. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Our bodies don't store these amino acids, so they need to either make them or get them from the food. (getvegan.com)
  • Out of these 20, nine are essential amino acids that are not produced by our bodies. (dmoose.com)
  • Amino acids make up every protein in every cell in our bodies. (amway.com)
  • These amino acids belong to two main categories: non-essential (the kind our bodies naturally make from other things) and essential (the type that we must obtain through diet). (amway.com)
  • Amino Acids are effective antioxidants, which means that they can help to reduce inflammation, improve skin complexion and even protect your skin from damaging free radicals. (nivea.co.uk)
  • It is a precursor to the non-essential amino acid histamine, which is released by the immune system as a response to allergic reactions. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Precursor of histamine by action of histidine decarboxylase. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Histidine - this incredible ingredient is used to produce histamine, which is an important neurotransmitter crucial to immune response, digestion, sleep-wake cycles, and sexual health and function. (australiansportsnutrition.com.au)
  • Histidine helps produce a brain chemical known as the neurotransmitter histamine, which works as a mediator of autoimmune conditions and allergic reactions. (dmoose.com)
  • Amino Acids are known for their ability to promote the production of Collagen, as well as Fibrinogen and Elastin. (nivea.co.uk)
  • Other Ingredients: Gelatin (capsule), Cellulose, Stearic Acid (vegetable source), Magnesium Stearate (vegetable source) and Silica. (vitacart.com)
  • They can enhance water absorption making them pairable with ingredients used to maintain skin hydration, like Hyaluronic Acid. (nivea.co.uk)
  • This makes Amino Acids great ingredients for anti-aging products. (nivea.co.uk)
  • Other Ingredients: Rice flour, gelatin (capsule), stearic acid (vegetable source) and ascorbyl palmitate. (allstarhealth.com)
  • However, if you want to skip the research on what pairings you need to make, we have a delicious range of vegan hemp protein powders that contain all 20 amino acids, so you can feel as smug as can be while sipping on that post-workout protein shake. (goodhemp.com)
  • The chemical nature of amino acids determines their interaction with other amino compounds and the environment. (dmoose.com)
  • Prolab Nutrition Amino 2000 ™ is a potent amino acid formula containing 2000 mg of pure, naturally occurring L-form amino acids per tablet, scientifically proportioned to meet your nutritional needs. (prolab.com)
  • The primary function of dietary protein is to satisfy the body's needs for nitrogen and essential amino acids. (fao.org)
  • Essential and non-essential amino acids are categorized based on the body's ability to synthesize them. (jackednutrition.pk)
  • This amino acid also plays a role in the body's reproductive health and digestion system - ensuring everything is ticking along just nicely. (goodhemp.com)
  • The chart illustrates the Amino Acid Utilization (AAU™) that PerfectAmino offers, dramatically greater than dietary protein sources. (bodyhealth.com)
  • Amino acids and insulin like growth factors I and II (Blum and Baumrucker, 2002). (scialert.net)
  • Many people know that protein is essential for optimum health, but most assume they consume enough protein from the food they eat. (bodyhealth.com)
  • The nutrients found in Amino Acids play an essential role in your skin as they contain many qualities that promote skin health. (nivea.co.uk)
  • To counter potential harmful effects, getting enough vitamins and minerals is important because they insure proper conversion of protein to amino and vice versa. (bodybuilding.com)
  • Amino acids are made up of an amino group and a carboxyl group. (discovermagazine.com)
  • The name 'amino acid' comes from the fact that the carboxyl group is acidic. (discovermagazine.com)
  • Between these groups are alpha carbons, which are bonded to both the amino and carboxyl groups, as well as a carbon atom. (discovermagazine.com)
  • In addition to the amine and carboxyl functional groups, amino acids also contain a side chain that is unique to each group. (jackednutrition.pk)
  • In regression models, histidine and C6 sugar amine were significantly associated with cognitive, motor, and language and betaine with cognitive and motor Bayley-III composite scores. (nature.com)
  • The addition of histidine, C6 sugar amine, and betaine to a Sarnat score-based clinical regression model significantly improved model performance (Akaike information criterion and adjusted r 2 ) for Bayley-III cognitive, motor, and language scores. (nature.com)