Essential actin related protein 3. Medical search. Frequent questions

The cell's signaling pathways cause actin to affect intracellular organization of the cytoskeleton and often consequently, the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
The actin cytoskeleton is a complex structure that performs a wide range of cellular functions. (edu.au)
In particular, 1) the structure of actin was resolved from crystals in the absence of cocrystallized actin binding proteins (ABPs), 2) the prokaryotic ancestral gene of actin was crystallized and its function as a bacterial cytoskeleton was revealed, and 3) the structure of the Arp2/3 complex was described for the first time. (edu.au)
Numerous proteins regulating the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton are indicative of the functional and structural dynamics of the presynapse. (mdpi.com)
This phenomenon is associated with the presence tion of polarized actin and other elements of the cytoskeleton of the large EPEC adherence factor (EAF) plasmid, which car- at sites of bacterial attachment (Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
A complex of seven proteins including ARP2 PROTEIN and ARP3 PROTEIN that plays an essential role in maintenance and assembly of the CYTOSKELETON . (nih.gov)
The cytoskeleton has versatile structural and functional features, which are essential for almost all cellular processes. (pte.hu)
module: Pathological alterations and diseases related to the cytoskeleton. (pte.hu)
Eukaryotic cells rely on de novo nucleation mechanisms to generate actin filaments in order to elicit spatial and temporal remodeling of their actin cytoskeleton. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, when a cytotoxic T cell recognizes a tumor cell for lysis, specific receptor interactions trigger capping of the cortical actin cytoskeleton, creating a specialized membrane domain that is important for T cell signaling events leading to lysis of the tumor cell. (upenn.edu)
The actin cytoskeleton in T cell activation. (upenn.edu)
Our lab has a long-standing interest in the mechanisms by which the actin cytoskeleton exerts forces to move membranes in cells. (berkeley.edu)
In 5 of 6 gene mutations that have been shown to cause EDMD, the affected protein is present in the LINC (linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complex. (medscape.com)
This complex includes nuclear membrane integral and associated proteins including emerin, lamin A/C, SUN1, SUN2, nesprin-1, and nesprin-2 that are proposed to form a mechanical link between the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton. (medscape.com)

The remodeling of actin filaments occurs in a cyclic pattern on cell surfaces and exists as a fundamental aspect to cellular life. (wikipedia.org)
Again triggered by environmental conditions, actin filaments break back down into monomers and the cycle is completed. (wikipedia.org)
Actin-binding proteins (ABPs) aid in the transformation of actin filaments throughout the actin remodeling process. (wikipedia.org)
Possible Mechanisms: De novo nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex, formins, and Spire that forms a trimer[failed verification] Barbed-end uncapping by the removal of barbed-end-capping proteins (CapZ, Hsp70, EPS8) Barbed-end uncapping by actin-binding-proteins that sever actin filaments Elongation Facilitated in vivo by polymerization promoters and barbed-end capping inhibitory proteins. (wikipedia.org)
In living cells, cofilin is not necessary for actin assembly on endocytic membranes but is recruited to molecularly aged adenosine diphosphate actin filaments and is necessary for their rapid disassembly. (rupress.org)
Cofilin binds preferentially to ADP-actin subunits within actin filaments. (rupress.org)
This binding induces a twist in the filament, accelerates the release of Pi from ADP-Pi subunits, and severs actin filaments ( Pollard and Borisy, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
The molecular determinants of cofilin recruitment to actin filaments in vivo have not been fully investigated. (rupress.org)
This localization was found to be unaffected by manipulations that were expected to change polymerization rates at the leading edge, which should alter the relative abundance of ATP-, ADP-Pi-, and ADP-actin subunits within the filaments. (rupress.org)
The computer-aided homology modelling revealed that Rg1 preferentially positioned in the actin binding cleft of myosin IIA and might block the binding of myosin IIA to actin filaments. (ijbs.com)
Arp2-3 complex binds WASP PROTEIN and existing ACTIN FILAMENTS , and it nucleates the formation of new branch point filaments. (nih.gov)
These membrane domains remain directly connected to the cell body with a complex underlying cytoarchitecture comprising microtubules distributed in larger processes and actin filaments enriched in thinner myelin domains and in paranodes [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The pattern of actin filaments features a definitive function in establishing the annular pattern on the surface of the cuticle. (lrrk2inhibitor.com)
Actin may be the core element of the muscle thin filaments, which are very ordered in sarcomeric structures in striated muscle and, as a element of microvilli, is essential for the suitable action of nematode intestine. (lrrk2inhibitor.com)
The Arp2/3 complex generates propulsive forces by nucleating a highly branched network of actin filaments. (columbia.edu)
[ 3 ] Nodal cells have less well-organized actin and myosin filaments and a poorly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum. (medscape.com)

These small highly conserved actin-binding proteins are essential regulators of actin dynamics in living cells. (rupress.org)
Actin is highly conserved throughout evolution andis one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells. (lrrk2inhibitor.com)

In both yeasts, Arp2/3 complex activation drives membrane invagination when triggered by the accumulation of ∼70 WASP molecules. (biorxiv.org)
However, how DSB repair pathways might harness nuclear Arp2/3 machinery is unknown. (columbia.edu)
In Chapter 2, I detail our studies assessing the contribution of the Arp2/3 complex to DSB movement and clustering. (columbia.edu)
Using Xenopus laevis cell-free extracts and mammalian cells, we show that actin nucleation machinery (WASP, Arp2/3, and actin) is recruited to damaged chromatin undergoing HDR. (columbia.edu)
In this chapter, I also investigate how Arp2/3-driven DSB movements specifically promote the dynamics of HDR breaks, while Arp2/3 activity does not influence NHEJ breaks. (columbia.edu)

Though endocytic protein abundance in S. pombe and S. cerevisiae are more similar than previously thought, membrane invagination speed and depth are two-fold greater in fission yeast than in budding yeast. (biorxiv.org)
Podocytes are the last barrier of the glomerular filtration membrane, and podocyte dysfunction can cause proteinuria and glomerular sclerosis, exacerbating the progression of DN [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
A breakthrough for the identification of the proteome of the presynaptic active zone was the successful employment of antibodies directed against a cytosolic epitope of membrane integral synaptic vesicle proteins for the immunopurification of synaptic vesicles docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane. (mdpi.com)
The consequences of decreasing actin flux are manifested by decreased but not blocked endocytic internalization at the plasma membrane and defects in late steps of membrane trafficking to the vacuole. (rupress.org)
The Rg1 treatment also abolished H 2 O 2 -induced morphological changes, including cell rounding, membrane blebbing, neurite retraction and nuclei condensation, which were generated by myosin IIA-actin interaction. (ijbs.com)
Intimin, a 94-kDa outer membrane protein encoded by the eae gene, is responsible for the intimate adherence between bacteria and enterocyte membranes. (cdc.gov)
Intracellular Ca 2+ in astrocytes is essential for interaction with neurons and has a function as a counterpart of neuronal membrane potential change. (biomedcentral.com)
I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
I further investigated membrane proteins and the targeting of tail-anchored proteins at Sheffield Hallam University. (brookes.ac.uk)
I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
The main drawbacks of such "light" fixation is its inability to cross-link lipids and to acutely arrest membrane protein long-range movement [96]. (adenosine-kinase.com)
Limitation due to membrane projections-Another source of artifacts is related to PM projections. (adenosine-kinase.com)
The use of flat membrane surfaces (e.g. the red blood cell, RBC) or mammalian nucleated cell membranes stripped of F-actin (to limit membrane ruffles) minimizes artifacts [29]. (adenosine-kinase.com)
During clathrin-mediated endocytosis in budding yeast, a burst of actin assembly and myosin activity generates the driving force for membrane invagination. (berkeley.edu)
Add the test sample to each well, and add 5 μL of Pre-stained Protein Marker ( Cat# E-BC-R273 )to a reserved well in order to verify the target molecular weight and the extent of membrane transfer. (elabscience.com)
1. Choose the PVDF Membrane (Cat# E-BC-R266 ) with a pore size of μm according to the molecular weight of the target protein. (elabscience.com)
The protein produced from the BIN1 gene plays an additional role in the formation of tube-like structures called transverse tubules (or T tubules), which are found within the membrane of muscle fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
Whatever the true mechanism, the discovery of mutations in several different nuclear membrane proteins that cause similar diseases will likely eventually lead to a better understanding of nuclear membrane physiology and the pathophysiology of diseases caused by mutations in these proteins. (medscape.com)

Thymosinα4 is an actin-sequestering protein and regulates actin polymerization. (biomedcentral.com)
WAVE2 regulates actin cytoskeletal reorganization and CRAC-mediated calcium entry during T cell activation. (upenn.edu)

Conserved proteins drive clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), which universally involves a burst of actin assembly. (biorxiv.org)

Cell surface (cortical) actin remodeling is a cyclic (9-step) process where each step is directly responsive to a cell signaling mechanism. (wikipedia.org)

Despite its complexity, actin remodeling may result in complete cytoskeletal reorganization in under a minute. (wikipedia.org)

Conversely, during starvation mTORC1 is inhibited and autophagy is induced by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to generation of intracellular nutrients and energy during degradation of non-functional or non-essential organelles or protein aggregates [ 4 , 6 ], in turn contributing to cell survival. (springer.com)
Autophagy is the "self-eating" process of degrading damaged proteins and organelles, as well as recycling intracellular energy to maintain cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. (hindawi.com)
Combining immunopurification and subsequent analytical mass spectrometry, hundreds of proteins, including synaptic vesicle proteins, components of the presynaptic fusion and retrieval machinery, proteins involved in intracellular and extracellular signaling and a large variety of adhesion molecules, were identified. (mdpi.com)
In this study, we operated two BSBR operating under low and high phosphorus load (0.012 and 0.032 kg/(m3·d)) respectively, and used metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and proteomics methods to analyze the community structure of the phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs) in the biofilm, the transcription and protein expression of key functional genes and enzymes, and the metabolism of intracellular polymers. (bvsalud.org)
Our results revealed that H2O2 increased the rate of apoptosis by stimulating various pro-apoptotic processes, such as the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Plant intracellular nucleotide binding and leucine-rich repeat proteins (NB-LRR, NLRs) function as immune receptors to detect microbial pathogens directly or indirectly. (ubc.ca)
killing nematode larvae by the host immune response could expose a lot of internal components that happen to be expressed in all life stages of the parasite and some intracellular proteins in the L4, L5 and adult stages may be excreted by way of specific pathways, which may perhaps lead to recognition of those structural proteins by the host immune technique [32]. (lrrk2inhibitor.com)
In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of hemocyte-mediated phagocytosis, in particular focusing on the related receptors for recognition and internalization of pathogens as well as the downstream signal pathways and intracellular regulators involved in the process of hemocyte phagocytosis. (frontiersin.org)

In the mechanism that involves the uncapping of the barbed-end, diffusion-regulated actin polymerization of subunits bound to actin-monomer-sequestering proteins control initiation. (wikipedia.org)
In vitro, the FH2 domain competes with barbed-end capping proteins and is necessary and sufficient to nucleate actin polymerization, but the FH1 domain, which interacts with profilin-actin, funnels actin to the nucleation vicinity and confers full activity to the molecule [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
I have previously reported that mDia facilitates TCR signaling through the regulation of actin polymerization by utilizing mDia 1/3 double deficient mice. (nii.ac.jp)
Therefore, mDia is activated upon TCR stimulation through RhoA at the cell periphery and facilitate TCR signaling through its actin polymerization activity. (nii.ac.jp)
Genotoxic agents trigger actin polymerization in the nucleus. (columbia.edu)
Chapter 1 provides context for the rest of the thesis in which I explore the contribution of nuclear actin polymerization to DSB repair. (columbia.edu)

Additionally, the respective ends of the actin microfilament are often specified by their appearance under transmission electron microscopy during a technique known as "decoration", where the addition of myosin results in distinctive actin-myosin binding at each terminus. (wikipedia.org)
These effects were mediated via the down-regulation of caspase-3, ROCK1 (Rho-associated kinase1) activation and myosin light chain (MLC, Ser-19) phosphorylation. (ijbs.com)
Accordingly, the neuroprotective mechanism of Rg1 is related to the activity that inhibits myosin IIA-actin interaction and the caspase-3/ROCK1/MLC signaling pathway. (ijbs.com)
These findings put some insights into the unique neuroprotective properties of Rg1 associated with the regulation of myosin IIA-actin cytoskeletal structure under oxidative stress and provide experimental evidence for Rg1 in CNS diseases. (ijbs.com)
Current research interests in the lab involve determining how actin assembly is initiated and coordinated with myosin activity at endocytic sites and developing semi in vitro assays for studying clathrin-mediated endocytosis in crude lysates. (berkeley.edu)

Similarly, primary cilia have been implicated in regulation of mTOR signaling, in which Tuberous Sclerosis Complex proteins 1 and 2 (TSC1/2) negatively regulate protein synthesis by inactivating the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) at energy limiting states. (springer.com)
When just T1D sufferers were regarded, up-regulation from the genes ( 0.001), Fustel (= 0.02), (= 0.009), (= 0.01), ( 0.001), (= 0.04), and down-regulation from the genes ( 0.001) and (= 0.01) were seen in decliners compared to non-decliners (Supplemental Amount 3). (tam-receptor.com)
However, the final link between axonal injury-induced retrograde signalling and the regulation of essential regenerative gene expression remains elusive. (nature.com)
Our analysis allows some preliminary insight into the functionality of Dictyostelium formins: all isoforms might display actin nucleation activity and, with the exception of ForI, might also be susceptible to autoinhibition and to regulation by Rho GTPases. (biomedcentral.com)
Topics could include analyzing regulation of T cell actin dynamics at the immunological synapse, analyzing actin function during antigen presentation in dendritic cells, or manipulating cytoskeletal signaling pathways to modify T cell migration during T cell immunotherapy. (upenn.edu)
Our insights demonstrate the importance and functional regulation of the HSP90-NAP1 protein complex in cancer metastatic signaling, which spur new avenues to target this interaction as a novel approach to block NSCLC metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
Chapter 1 provides an overview of these pathways including the key steps of DSB repair, the regulation of actin nucleation, and the proteins involved in chromatin mobility. (columbia.edu)
Western blot analysis was performed to study Boswellia sacra essential oil-regulated proteins involved in apoptosis, signaling pathways, and cell cycle regulation. (biomedcentral.com)

Globular actin is the monomeric form of the protein while the filamentous actin is a linear polymer of globular subunits. (wikipedia.org)
The assembly of filamentous actin arises as a result of weak, noncovalent interactions between G-actin and appears in the arrangement of a two-stranded asymmetrical helical polymer. (wikipedia.org)

Thus, in order to avoid excessive ROS generation, they switch the utilization of metabolic pathways that require mitochondrial respiration to fermentation [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
Central to the self-protective antioxidant system is NF-E2-related aspect (Nrf2), a capncollar basic-region leucine zipper nuclear transcription aspect that mediates the principal cellular protection against the cytotoxic ramifications of oxidative tension, including pathways for xenobiotic cleansing, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory response, DNA fix, molecular chaperones, and proteasome systems. (mingsheng88.org)
Of several of the pathways, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 provides surfaced as the integration stage and plays an essential function in managing the Nrf2 activity. (mingsheng88.org)
Consistently, the essential oil represses signaling pathways and cell cycle regulators that have been proposed as therapeutic targets for breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)

We are elucidating general principles of actin function using clathrin-mediated endocytosis as a representative process. (berkeley.edu)
We use the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism because these cells have an unusually stringent requirement for actin assembly during clathrin-mediated endocytosis and are accessible with biochemical-, genetic-, and microscopy-based experiments. (berkeley.edu)

Here, we identify a molecular mechanism for detrimental effects of low maternal n-3 PUFA intake on hippocampal development in mice. (nature.com)
Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
These annotations have been derived from physical molecular interaction evidence extracted from the literature and cross-referenced in the entry, or by curator inference from information on homologs in closely related species or by inference from scientific background. (yeastgenome.org)
However, the molecular mechanism of cofilin recruitment to actin networks during dynamic actin-mediated processes in living cells and cofilin's precise in vivo functions have not been determined. (rupress.org)
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease driven by a continuum of mutations and abnormal gene/protein expression that controls the tumourigenic phenotype and molecular mechanisms underpinning the complexity of its clinical behaviour [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Identification of a specific regulatory mechanism shared by several essential genes may lead to novel molecular strategies recapitulating the conditioning effect, thus non-surgically enhancing axonal regeneration in the CNS. (nature.com)
1. According to the molecular weight of the target protein, prepare 0% separation gel. (elabscience.com)
More abundant high molecular weight compounds, including boswellic acids, were present in Boswellia sacra essential oil prepared at 100 o C hydrodistillation. (biomedcentral.com)
Emerin is a ubiquitous inner nuclear membraneprotein, presentin nearly all cell types, although its highest expression is in skeletal and cardiacmuscle.Emerin binds to many nuclear proteins, including several gene-regulatory proteins (eg, barrier-to-autointegration factor, germ cell-less, Btf), nesprins (proteins that act as molecular scaffolds), F-actin, and lamins. (medscape.com)
Understanding of the molecular and ionic mechanisms underlying cardiac conduction is essential for the appreciation of the pathogenesis of conduction abnormalities in structurally normal and altered hearts. (medscape.com)

In this process, G-actin subunits primarily add to the "barbed end" of the filamentous polymer. (wikipedia.org)
It mainly forms the catalytic subunits of two protein complexes, including mTOR complex 1 (mTOR complex1, mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTOR complex2, mTORC2). (hindawi.com)

Initiation Consists of a number of different possible mechanisms that ultimately determine where and when actin filament elongation is to occur. (wikipedia.org)
However, the n-3 PUFAs deficiency-mediated mechanisms affecting the development of the central nervous system are poorly understood. (nature.com)
To understand the mechanisms by which n-3/n-6 PUFA imbalance affects CNS development, we investigated the impact of maternal dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency on offspring's microglia, the resident immune cells involved in CNS development and homeostasis 11 . (nature.com)
They also develop specific strategies to increase ROS resistance, which include deviation of the glycolytic flux into the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) or changes in other enzymatic mechanisms enhancing ROS detoxification [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

In humans, the CRYAA gene encodes a 173 amino acid residue protein by single copy genes located on chromosome 21. (molvis.org)
In chapter 2, by using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, genetic analysis and biochemical assays, I identified the differential pairings of typical NLR receptor SOC3 with atypical NLR proteins CHS1 or TN2 to guard the homeostasis of the E3 ligase SAUL1. (ubc.ca)
Not merely abnormal fat burning capacity of HS continues to be reported in DKD (14), but also variations within a gene encoding another HS-O sulfotransferase (gene, also called (growth-arrest-specific proteins 3), encodes a glycoprotein whose mutations trigger neuropathy-related illnesses and whose features stay incompletely known (16). (tam-receptor.com)
The lilli gene encodes a nuclear protein related to the AF4/FMR2 family. (sdbonline.org)
Translocations between MLL (a human trithorax -related gene) and AF4 or AF5q31 are involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Wittwer, 2001, Tang, 2001 and Su, 2001). (sdbonline.org)
lilli functions as a maternally provided pair-rule gene that is essential for proper cellularization, gastrulation and segmentation during embryogenesis. (sdbonline.org)
The TTN gene provides instructions for making a protein called titin that is an essential component of muscle fiber structures called sarcomeres . (medlineplus.gov)
EDMD1 is caused by mutations in the EMD gene on the X chromosome that codes for the nuclear envelope protein emerin. (medscape.com)
They bind to structural components (emerin, nesprin), chromatin components (histone), signal transduction molecules (protein kinase C), and several gene regulatory molecules. (medscape.com)
New mutations have been found in the synaptic nuclear envelope protein 1 ( SYNE1 ) gene and in the synaptic nuclear envelope protein 2 ( SYNE2 ) gene in a few families, also termed Nesprin-1 and Nesprin-2, respectively. (medscape.com)

Cofilin is the major mediator of actin filament turnover in vivo. (rupress.org)
Defects in cofilin function alter the morphology of actin networks in vivo and reduce the rate of actin flux through actin networks. (rupress.org)
The generation of metastatic variants by selection in vivo offers an attractive experimental model, as any differences relative to parental lines may be related to metastatic capacity. (biomedcentral.com)
We thus investigated the in vivo dynamic, actin-related response of these cells under different kinds of demyelinating stress. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to investigate the plasticity of mature ODCs under demyelinating conditions in vivo , we have thus generated a mouse model (oLucR) in which luciferase expression is controlled by a β-actin promoter and restricted specifically to mature ODCs [ 28 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In contrast to budding yeast, WASP-mediated actin nucleation activity plays an essential role in fission yeast endocytosis. (biorxiv.org)
Formins are multidomain proteins defined by a conserved FH2 (formin homology 2) domain with actin nucleation activity preceded by a proline-rich FH1 (formin homology 1) domain. (biomedcentral.com)

Also present in actin staining test allows the identification of strains that pro- the EAF plasmid is the cluster of genes that encode bundle- duce A/E lesions, through detection of aggregated actin fila- forming pili (BFP), which interconnect bacteria within micro- ments beneath the attached bacteria (3). (cdc.gov)
This is the first example of the application of DNA microarray technology to the identification of metastasis-related genes. (biomedcentral.com)
These genes (for fibronectin, thymosinα4 and RhoC) encode proteins with functions that might be predicted for metastasis-associated genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Physique 3 elicits the RNA sequencing expression levels of the 10 genes selected CD28 for validation by qRT-PCR: Cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 22 (and displayed late amplification curves in several samples and were excluded from further analyses. (tam-receptor.com)
Here we show through systematic epigenetic studies that the histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) promotes acetylation of histone 3 Lys 9 at the promoters of established key regeneration-associated genes following a peripheral but not a central axonal injury. (nature.com)
We found that p300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF)-dependent acetylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9ac), paralleled by a reduction in methylation of H3K9 (H3K9me2), occurred at the promoters of select genes only after PNS axonal injury. (nature.com)
2) lilli mutation strongly suppresses the rough eye phenotype of ectopically expressed phyllopod (Tang, 2001), and (3) lilli was identified in a screen for genes that enhance the embryonic lethal phenotype of dpp alleles (Su, 2001). (sdbonline.org)
These mutant phenotypes correlate with markedly reduced expression of the early zygotic genes serendipity alpha , fushi tarazu and huckebein , which are essential for cellularization and embryonic patterning (Tang, 2001). (sdbonline.org)
The proteins produced from the DNM2 and BIN1 genes are involved in endocytosis, a process that brings substances into the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in all of these genes have been shown to result in defects in the nucleoskeleton and related structures that could cause the above pathologic abnormalities. (medscape.com)
There are a myriad of mutations identified in genes encoding cardiac transcription factors, ion channels, gap junctions, energy metabolism regulators, lamins and other structural proteins. (medscape.com)

SUSA2 encodes an F-box protein Actin-Related Protein 8 (ARP8) and SUSA3 encodes the chaperone protein HSP90.3. (ubc.ca)

Thymosin and Profilin both exist as actin-monomer-sequestering proteins that maintain the ability to limit spontaneous nucleation from occurring, thus halting the actin remodeling process and returning the cycle to its first step. (wikipedia.org)
Thymosin Beta-4 (TB4) and TB500 are related but not identical substances. (vintage-muscle.org)

The FH1 domain is also a binding site for diverse SH3-domain containing proteins like Src-like non-receptor tyrosine kinases, WISH (WASP-interacting SH3 protein) and IRSp53 (insulin receptor substrate) in mammals, and Hof1p in yeast [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Proteins of current interest in the lab include WASP, an actin regulatory protein involved in immunodeficiency disease, HS1, a related protein implicated in autoimmune disease, and Crk family adapter proteins, proteins that control T cell adhesion and migration. (upenn.edu)

Helminth 14-3-3 protein interacts with the TGF Type-1 receptor and enhances TGF- signalling in the reactivation of tissue-arrested Ancylostoma caninum L3 [35]. (lrrk2inhibitor.com)

In this study, we examined the cytoprotective effects of cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) isolated from mulberry fruit against pancreatic β-cell apoptosis caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. (spandidos-publications.com)
Immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and western blot analysis were also used to determine apoptosis and the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Boswellia sacra essential oil hydrodistilled at 100 o C was more potent than the essential oil prepared at 78 o C in inducing cancer cell death, preventing the cellular network formation (MDA-MB-231) cells on Matrigel, causing the breakdown of multicellular tumor spheroids (T47D cells), and regulating molecules involved in apoptosis, signal transduction, and cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)

Many of these are likely to help us understand and distinguish between the structural models of actin microfilaments. (edu.au)
Synaptopodin is a proline-rich protein intimately associated with actin microfilaments present in the foot processes of podocytes. (medscape.com)

The aim of this study was to use a systematic approach to generate and screen affinity-purified, mono-specific antibodies targeting progression-related biomarkers, with a view towards developing a clinically applicable IHC-based prognostic biomarker panel for breast cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
We examined both in-house and publicly available breast cancer DNA microarray datasets relating to invasion and metastasis, thus identifying a cohort of candidate progression-associated biomarkers. (biomedcentral.com)
11 proteins were up-regulated and 17 proteins were down-regulated, while consistent presence/absence expression profile group contains one elevated protein and nine reduced proteins, among which seven proteins were identified as potential biomarkers for IVR treatment through PRM assays. (frontiersin.org)

It is unclear how these mutations lead to centronuclear myopathy, but it is likely that the altered protein cannot interact with other proteins in the sarcomere, leading to dysfunction of the sarcomere. (medlineplus.gov)
Lastly, mutations in the transmembrane protein 43 (TMEM43), also termed LUMA, which binds to emerin and SUN2, has also been reported to cause an EDMD phenotype in a few families. (medscape.com)

In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of fluorescently tagged cofilin and the role of cofilin-mediated actin turnover during endocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (rupress.org)
However, the role of actin filament disassembly (a key step in actin dynamics) during actin-mediated endocytosis is less clear. (rupress.org)
Cofilin and its role in actin dynamics have been studied extensively in vitro. (rupress.org)
Recent studies have proposed roles for cytoskeletal proteins in genome organization and chromosomal dynamics. (columbia.edu)

How various organisms utilize a similar set of proteins to satisfy their particular force generation requirements for endocytosis is an unanswered, fundamental question. (biorxiv.org)
Genetic and biochemical analysis of a conditional allele of cofilin showed that the actin filament disassembly activity of cofilin is essential for fluid-phase endocytosis ( Lappalainen and Drubin, 1997 ). (rupress.org)

Some of these ABPs are essential, whereas others may form regulatory ternary complexes. (edu.au)

Actin remodeling is the biochemical process that allows for the dynamic alterations of cellular organization. (wikipedia.org)

Cadherins are evolutionary related to the desmogleins which are component of intercellular desmosome junctions involved in the interaction of plaque proteins. (embl.de)

A major modulator of actin filament disassembly is the actin-depolymerization factor/cofilin family of proteins (hereafter referred to as cofilin). (rupress.org)
Severing increases the number of actin filament pointed ends and, in conjunction with capping of barbed ends by capping proteins, stimulates filament disassembly ( Andrianantoandro and Pollard, 2006 ). (rupress.org)

Active mTORC1 phosphorylates the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4E-BP1) and 40S ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) to promote protein synthesis [ 3 , 4 ]. (springer.com)
In addition, we confirmed that H2O2 activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK. (spandidos-publications.com)
GSK 3 is normally a portrayed, active constitutively, proline-directed serine/threonine kinase involved with diverse biophysiological features including glycogen fat burning capacity, embryo development, tissues injury, regeneration and repair, immunomodulation, and redox homeostasis16. (mingsheng88.org)

Our results show that maternal dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency increases microglia-mediated phagocytosis of synaptic elements in the rodent developing hippocampus, partly through the activation of 12/15-lipoxygenase (LOX)/12-HETE signaling, altering neuronal morphology and affecting cognitive performance of the offspring. (nature.com)

The elongation phase begins when the concentration of short, F-actin polymers is significantly larger than at equilibrium. (wikipedia.org)
Termination Involves the degradation of polyphosphoinositides and reactivation of "barbed end" capping proteins Hsp70 and CapZ, thereby reinitiating barbed-end capping and greatly diminishing elongation. (wikipedia.org)

Genetics and live-cell imaging revealed core CME spatiodynamic similarities between the two yeasts, though two-zone actin assembly is a fission yeast-specific mechanism, which is not essential for CME. (biorxiv.org)
Podocyte damage caused by weak autophagic activity is an essential mechanism underlying DN progression [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Phagocytosis has been considered as an essential defense mechanism of immune response to pathogens among eukaryotes, which are also implicated in diverse physiological processes, including development, apoptotic, tissue repair, and host defense ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)

In the nucleus, Nrf2 identifies and binds to a conserved antioxidant response component (ARE) and induces transcription of the battery pack of chemoprotective antoxidant genes9,10, including those encoding antioxidant proteins like heme oxygenase (HO-1)11. (mingsheng88.org)

Peptides are comprised of short chains of amino acids - the foundational elements of proteins - peptides have a diverse range of roles in the body. (vintage-muscle.org)

This review describes recent advances in the role of human HMGB proteins and other proteins interacting with them, in cancerous processes related to oxidative stress, with special reference to ovarian and prostate cancer. (hindawi.com)

The heterodimeric TSC complex negatively regulates mTORC1 activity via the GTPase activity of TSC2, towards the small G-protein RHEB (Ras homologue enriched in brain) [ 5 ]. (springer.com)
Moreover, both SUSA proteins are parts of an SCFSUSA2 E3 ligase, forming SCFSUSA2-NLR complex with CHS1-SOC3 or TN2-SOC3 paired NLR proteins. (ubc.ca)
This intrinsically fluorescent probe forms a complex with cholesterol or related sterols displaying a free 3′-OH group. (adenosine-kinase.com)

The native and recombinant hookworm FTT-2 protein expressed in HEK293 cells and S. mansoni 14-3-3 protein were recognized by antibodies and induce humoral and cellular immune responses making them possible vaccine antigens [34]. (lrrk2inhibitor.com)
Anti-β-actin and anti-lamin antibodies were used as internal standards. (pdgfreceptor.com)

To identify proteins interacting with alpha A-crystallin (CRYAA) and to investigate the potential role that these protein interactions play in the function of CRYAA using a human proteome (HuProt) microarray. (molvis.org)
A HuProt microarray composed of 17,225 human full-length proteins with N-terminal glutathione S-transferase (GST) tags was used to identify protein-protein interactions. (molvis.org)
The protein-protein interactions may help CRYAA carry out multifaceted functions. (molvis.org)
To understand the functions of CRYAA and how these are regulated, protein-protein interactions need to be investigated. (molvis.org)
Interestingly, functionally redundant SNIPER1 and SNIPER2 can control the protein levels of diverse sNLRs and the interactions between SNIPER1 and sNLRs appear to be through the common nucleotide-binding (NB) domains of sNLRs. (ubc.ca)
Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
Protein-protein interactions were determined by immunoprecipitation. (biomedcentral.com)

Functional annotation clustering showed that they belong to cell cycle, organelle or nuclear lumen, protein transport, and DNA binding and repair clusters. (molvis.org)

During the remodeling process, actin monomers polymerize in response to signaling cascades that stem from environmental cues. (wikipedia.org)
Simultaneously, older G-actin monomers "fall off" of the pointed end of the microfilament. (wikipedia.org)
At the "pointed end" of the F-actin polymer, actin monomers are bound to ADP, which dissociates more readily and rapidly than ATP-bound actin, which is found at the "barbed end" of the polymer. (wikipedia.org)
At this point, both termini accept the addition of new monomers (although primarily at the "barbed end") and the actin microfilament lengthens. (wikipedia.org)
In 2001, significant advances were made to our understanding of the structure and function of actin monomers. (edu.au)

The cytoskeletal system is composed of different proteins networks. (pte.hu)
This report represents the first description of combined label-free quantitative proteomics and PRM analysis of targeted proteins for discovery of different proteins before and after IVR treatment in the same patient. (frontiersin.org)

The dynamic function of actin remodeling is directly correlated to the immense variability of cell shape, structure, and behavior. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, we investigated the effect of maternal (i.e. gestation and lactation) n-3 PUFA deficiency on microglial function and its consequences on hippocampal development. (nature.com)
Mapping cytoskeletal protein function in cells by means of nanobodies. (scriptiebank.be)
They function as neurotransmitters, regulate cell activity, and perform other essential biological tasks. (vintage-muscle.org)
TB500 is known for its ability to promote actin production, a protein that plays a vital role in cell structure and function which can aid in tissue repair. (vintage-muscle.org)
Cadherins depend on calcium for their function: calcium ions bind to specific residues in each cadherin repeat to ensure its proper folding, to confer rigidity upon the extracellular domain and is essential for cadherin adhesive function and for protection against protease digestion. (embl.de)
Hence, our data provide new evidence to support that AHL patterns in Serratia is strain-dependent, indicating the presence of some conserved protein structure-function characteristics that would determine this specificity and which would be worth selleckchem investigating in future. (pdgfreceptor.com)

In dendritic cells, actin regulatory proteins control the uptake and presentation of antigens, migration of antigen-bearing cells from sites of infection to lymphoid organs, and defining the outcome of T cell stimulation. (upenn.edu)
HS1 functions as an essential actin-regulatory adapter protein at the immune synapse. (upenn.edu)
E7 from human papil omavirus type 16 cooperate to cancer: the European prospective investigation into doi:10.1093/carcin/bgp321 PMID:20047954 target the PDZ protein Na/H exchange regulatory cancer and nutrition study. (who.int)

Using multidisciplinary approaches, we reveal that maternal exposure to an n-3 PUFA deficient diet impairs offspring's microglial homeostatic signature and phagocytic activity, underpinning excessive synaptic pruning and subsequent behavioral abnormalities. (nature.com)
The phosphorylated form of 40S ribosome protein S6 is thus a marker for mTORC1 activity. (springer.com)
The objective of this study was to optimize conditions for preparing Boswellea sacra essential oil with the highest biological activity in inducing tumor cell-specific cytotoxicity and suppressing aggressive tumor phenotypes in human breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Some inherited arrhythmias are caused by a malfunction of proteins that are related to the initiation or propagation of electrical activity. (medscape.com)

These results suggest that cofilin-mediated actin filament flux is required for the multiple steps of endocytic trafficking. (rupress.org)

The changes within the immune recognition of actin in L4 presented in our study could influence improvement. (lrrk2inhibitor.com)
While these DNA transactions are essential for human fertility and the development of the immune system, misrepaired or unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) can lead to chromosome rearrangements or cell death. (columbia.edu)

Changes in the redox state of cells affect proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids in different ways. (hindawi.com)
Conversely, for electron microscopy, samples are first fixed with glutaraldehyde (to irreversibly cross-link proteins), then post-fixed with osmium tetroxide (to cross-link lipids). (adenosine-kinase.com)

Oxidative stress is a crucial hallmark in CNS diseases, such as neurodegenerative and other psychiatric diseases [ 1 - 3 ]. (ijbs.com)
However, the excessive generation of ROS, such as super oxide anions (O 2 − ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) due to environmental stress results in significant oxidative damage to cell structures, such as DNA, the mitochondria and cell membranes ( 3 , 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The protein HMGB1 behaves as a redox sensor and its structural changes, which are conditioned by the oxidative environment, are associated with different functions of the protein. (hindawi.com)
In comparison, HCV or HCV protein were discovered by another research13,14 to induce ROS creation and activate Nrf2/ARE pathway, which protected hepatic cells from oxidative stress subsequently. (mingsheng88.org)

Similar to our previous observations in human bladder cancer cells, Boswellia sacra essential oil induces breast cancer cell-specific cytotoxicity. (biomedcentral.com)

The production of antibody fragments and antibody fusion proteins by yeasts and filamentous fungi. (scriptiebank.be)

Cadherins form protein complexes with cytoplasmic proteins (catenins) that convert the specific, homophilic-binding capacity of the extracellular domain into stable cell adhesion. (embl.de)

Actin remains one of the most abundant proteins in all of Eukarya and is an enzyme (ATPase) that gradually hydrolyzes ATP. (wikipedia.org)

Anonymous Reviewer ( 2019 ) Peer Review #3 of 'A combination of curcumin, vorinostat and silibinin reverses Aβ-induced nerve cell toxicity via activation of AKT-MDM2-p53 pathway (v0.2)' . (peerj.com)

Formins act as profilin-modulated processive actin nucleators conserved throughout a wide range of eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)

With the exception of ForI and ForC all other formins conform to the domain structure GBD/FH3-FH1-FH2-DAD, where DAD is the Diaphanous autoinhibition domain and GBD/FH3 is the Rho GTPase-binding domain/formin homology 3 domain that we propose to represent a single domain. (biomedcentral.com)
Formins are multidomain proteins conserved from plants to fungi and vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
In most fungal and metazoan formins the FH1-FH2 core is accompanied by a less well conserved N-terminal FH3 (formin homology 3) domain involved in targeting [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Within the cell, the concentrations of G-actin and F-actin continuously fluctuate. (wikipedia.org)
Additionally, the cell utilizes polyphosphoinositides to aid in the removal of all known "barbed end" capping proteins. (wikipedia.org)
The mTORC1 signaling cascade receives inputs from various upstream cues related to the metabolic and nutritional status of the cell and translates these into cell growth [ 4 , 6 ]. (springer.com)
In the presence of nutrients, mTORC1 is activated and promotes cell growth, including protein synthesis and energy storage. (springer.com)
Plant Cell Wall Proteins: A Large Body of Data, but What about Runaways? (mdpi.com)
3.0: hematopoietic cell-specific Lyn substrate 1 (HCLS1), Kelch domain-containing 6 (KLHDC6), sarcoglycan delta (SGCD), KIAA1706 protein (KIAA1706), RNA guanylyltransferase and 5′-phosphatase (RNGTT), chromosome 10 open reading frame 57 (C10orf57), chromosome 9 open reading frame 52 (C9orf52), and plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor (PLAUR). (molvis.org)
HMGB1 is an abundant protein, 10 6 molecules per cell [ 7 ], which has been postulated as a redox sensor [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Developmental cell , 35(3), 281-294. (berkeley.edu)
Nck-associated protein 1 (NAP1/NCKAP1) is highly expressed in primary non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) when compared with adjacent normal lung tissues, and its expression levels are strongly associated with the histologic tumor grade, metastasis and poor survival rate of NSCLC patients. (biomedcentral.com)
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85%-90% of all lung cancer cases, and is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Nck-associated protein 1 (NAP1/NCKAP1), a protein that associates with the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain of NCK protein both in vitro and in intact cells, was found to localize along the lamellipodia and to mediate contact-dependent cell migration [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
T cell is essential for adaptive immunity. (nii.ac.jp)
Essential oil prepared by distillation of the gum resin traditionally used for aromatic therapy has also been shown to have tumor cell-specific anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities. (biomedcentral.com)
Boswellia sacra essential oil-mediated cell viability and death were studied in established human breast cancer cell lines (T47D, MCF7, MDA-MB-231) and an immortalized normal human breast cell line (MCF10-2A). (biomedcentral.com)
All three human breast cancer cell lines were sensitive to essential oil treatment with reduced cell viability and elevated cell death, whereas the immortalized normal human breast cell line was more resistant to essential oil treatment. (biomedcentral.com)

This entry represents the extracellular repeated domains found in cadherins and related proteins. (embl.de)

Cadherins are a group of transmembrane proteins that serve as the major adhesion molecules located within adherens junctions. (embl.de)

Anatomy27

Organisms16

Chemicals and Drugs114

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment28

Phenomena and Processes63

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science8

Cytoskeleton14

Filaments16

Highly conserved2

Arp25

Membrane18

Regulates actin2

Burst of actin assembly1

Cortical1

Cytoskeletal reorganization1

Intracellular8

Polymerization6

Myosin5

Regulation8

Filamentous actin2

Pathways4

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis2

Molecular10

Subunits2

Mechanisms4

Gene10

Vivo5

Nucleation activity2

Genes11

Encodes1

Thymosin2

WASP2

Interacts1

Apoptosis3

Microfilaments2

Biomarkers3

Mutations2

Dynamics4

Endocytosis2

ABPs1

Organization1

Interaction1

Disassembly2

Kinase3

Morphology1

Elongation2

Mechanism3

Binds1

Peptides1

Processes1

Complex3

Antibodies2

Interactions7

Nuclear1

Monomers5

Different proteins2

Function7

Regulatory3

Activity4

Cofilin1

Immune2

Lipids2

Oxidative4

Induces1

Yeasts1

Complexes1

ATPase1

20191

Profilin1

Formins3

Cell15

Extracellular1

Transmembrane1