AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
DeglutitionDeglutition DisordersEsophagusBarrett EsophagusHyoid BoneEsophageal Sphincter, UpperHypopharynxOropharynxBulbar Palsy, ProgressiveEsophageal NeoplasmsEsophageal StenosisMasticationPharynxLarynxEpiglottisSphenoid BoneTongueDentition, MixedPharyngeal MusclesManometryEsophagoscopyFluoroscopyNasal BoneMouthCephalometryEsophageal DiseasesMandibleEsophagectomyEsophagogastric JunctionMetaplasiaGastroesophageal RefluxCardiaAdenocarcinomaEsophagoplastyEsophagitisMucous MembranePrecancerous ConditionsElectromyographyEsophagitis, PepticEsophageal PerforationPeristalsisEsophageal FistulaCarcinoma, Squamous CellDimethylnitrosamineEsophageal Sphincter, LowerEndoscopy, GastrointestinalHernia, HiatalEsophageal AchalasiaEndoscopy, Digestive SystemEsophagoscopesCausticsStomachEndoscopyFundoplication
Pharynx and esophagusDisordersStomachPeristalsisBolusSwallowingThoracic esophagusCervical esophagusContractionMuscular tubeGastroesophageal refluxThroatLiquidsLarynxPeristalticMouthPhysiologyMotilityProximalDisorderHeartburnCardiac orificeRespirationIncidenceMusclesAcidFoodOccursIntestinesUpperSmoothPresentationAbdominalSensationGastrointestinalTRAUMAAbdomenComplicationsEvidentLower
Pharynx and esophagus6
  • Dryness of the pharynx and esophagus frequently leads to difficulty with swallowing (deglutition), in which case patients usually describe food becoming stuck in the upper throat. (medscape.com)
  • Esophagram or barium swallow, is the common radiographic procedure or examination of the pharynx and esophagus, utilizing radiopaque contrast medium may be used. (ukessays.com)
  • The purpose of an esophagram is to study radiographically the form and function of the swallowing aspects of the pharynx and esophagus. (ukessays.com)
  • Zenker's diverticulum is an esophageal pouch that forms at the back of throat at the junction of the pharynx and esophagus typically in older patients. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Increased flow resistance during swallow results in high pressure between the pharynx and esophagus, which facilitates the pouch formation in the area where the muscle is weak. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Swallowing (also called deglutition) is a complex process that involves the propulsion of food bolus from the oral cavity to the stomach via the pharynx and esophagus while protecting the airway and minimizing the residue. (doctorable.com)
Disorders3
  • Non-neoplastic dysphagia originated from motor deficit in the pharynx and from several disorders in the upper esophagus is studied taking into account the basic mechanisms of deglutition in the pharingoesophageal segment. (unesp.br)
  • A number of intrinsic disorders of the UES can cause diminished or failed UES opening, such as Zenker's diverticulum, cricopharyngeal bar, and cricopharyngeal achalasia, causing resistance to bolus flow from the pharynx to the esophagus. (abdominalkey.com)
  • Cleft lip and palate are common congenital abnormalities with typical functional disorders on speech, deglutition and middle ear function. (arquivosdeorl.org.br)
Stomach12
  • From the back of the mouth (the pharynx) to the top of the stomach, the esophagus is a muscular tube for foods and liquids. (laparoscopic.md)
  • The main function of the esophagus is to propel swallowed food or fluid into the stomach. (nature.com)
  • The esophagus also must clear any refluxed gastric contents back into the stomach and takes part in vomiting and belching. (nature.com)
  • This means when food travels down the esophagus from the mouth down into the stomach. (internalmedicineforvettechs.com)
  • Stomach: The stomach is connected to the oesophagus via a sphincter. (wikiteka.com)
  • 3 gastric digestion is the food going down the oesophagus enters the stomach when the cardiac sphincter relaxes. (wikiteka.com)
  • esophageal phase involves propagation food bolus downwards through the esophagus into the stomach due to its rhythmic contraction. (abdominalkey.com)
  • The sphincter is normally closed and then relaxes during pharyngeal swallowing and then closes again as the food moves down in the esophagus towards the stomach. (abdominalkey.com)
  • He defends his conclusion by this observation: by auscultation over the epigastrium after swallowing a mouthful of very hot or cold water, one will find that immediately after the second deglutition sound, which occurs after the last trace of food has entered the stomach, the hot or cold sensation disappears. (bookdome.com)
  • in the second paper he concludes that they arise either in the stomach itself or in tissues closer to the stomach than the abdominal wall and the esophagus. (bookdome.com)
  • It is the backward flow of acid from your stomach into the oesophagus which irritates your throat. (aakash.ac.in)
  • A band of muscles known as the cardiac sphincter surrounds the opening of the oesophagus into the stomach. (aakash.ac.in)
Peristalsis5
  • Peristalsis in the striated muscle part of the esophagus is dependent on central mechanisms, involving sequential activation of vagal lower motor neurons in the vagal nucleus ambiguus. (nature.com)
  • Peristalsis in the smooth muscle of the esophagus is dependent on both central and peripheral mechanisms. (nature.com)
  • Esophageal peristalsis can be initiated by deglutition ("primary" peristalsis) or local distention ("secondary" peristalsis). (nature.com)
  • Neurophysiologic studies, performed in animals, have generally considered swallowing as having two phases: an oropharyngeal phase that constitutes an irreversible motor event, followed by an esophageal phase, corresponding to the primary peristalsis of the esophagus. (nature.com)
  • The more common pathologic indications for an esophagram procedure suchas, achalasia also term cardiospasm, is a motor disorder of the oesophagus in which peristalsis is reduced along the distal two thirds of the esophagus. (ukessays.com)
Bolus8
Swallowing5
  • Figure 1: Swallowing motor pattern and sequential activity of vagal motor fibers in species with striated (a, sheep) or striated and smooth muscle (b, baboon) esophagus. (nature.com)
  • A dialogue of letters in the New England Journal of Medicine (Vol. 341, No. 17, 1999) cites the inscription as a closing to a discussion of "deglutition syncope", the medical term for fainting when swallowing. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term of swallowing includes the entire process of deglutition from the placement of food in the mouth until the food enters to the esophagus through the oral and pharyngeal cavities. (whocc.org.cn)
  • Deglutition is the action of swallowing. (internalmedicineforvettechs.com)
  • According to Hertz the hot or cold sensations felt in the epigastrium, upon swallowing hot or cold water, come from the lower end of the esophagus. (bookdome.com)
Thoracic esophagus1
  • The thoracic esophagus may also lose its normal peristaltic activity become dilated (megaesophagus). (ukessays.com)
Cervical esophagus1
  • The posteromedial lamina extended along the supero-inferior axis from a level above the greater horn of the hyoid bone to reach the muscularis mucosae of the cervical esophagus. (elsevierpure.com)
Contraction2
  • Receptors in the posterior pharynx are then activated to initiate the involuntary phase of deglutition, which involves carefully sequenced contraction of numerous head and neck muscles. (nature.com)
  • Spasmodic contraction in throat and esophagus. (legatum.sk)
Muscular tube2
  • The esophagus is a hollow muscular tube, closed proximally and distally by muscular sphincters. (nature.com)
  • Oesophagus: the oesophagus is a muscular tube around 25 cm. (wikiteka.com)
Gastroesophageal reflux3
Throat2
Liquids1
  • It is triggered in certain sensitive individuals by cold liquids in the esophagus, especially on hot days. (wikipedia.org)
Larynx1
  • It constitutes one of the most elaborate motor functions, even in humans, because it requires the coordination of an extraordinary bilateral sequence of activation and inhibition of more than 25 pairs of muscles in the mouth, pharynx, and larynx, plus the esophagus. (nature.com)
Peristaltic2
  • Concurrent manometry and radionuclide imaging showed nearly complete emptying of acid from the esophagus by an immediate secondary peristaltic sequence, although esophageal pH did not rise until the first swallow 30 seconds later. (nih.gov)
  • We conclude that esophageal acid clearance normally occurs as a two-step process: (1) Virtually all acid volume is emptied from the esophagus by one or two peristaltic sequences, leaving a minimal residual amount that sustains a low pH, and (2) residual acid is neutralized by swallowed saliva. (nih.gov)
Mouth1
Physiology2
  • The reader is referred to other comprehensive reviews for detailed discussion of the physiology of the LES and oropharyngeal phase of deglutition. (nature.com)
  • At the end of our bibliographic review, pursuant to the velopharyngeal physiology in individuals with this disorder in the functional speech, deglutition and otologic function, we observed that although there is a great number of published data discussing this issue, further studies are necessary to completely understand the pathophysiology, due to the fact they have been exploited superficially. (arquivosdeorl.org.br)
Motility1
Proximal1
Disorder1
  • a deglutition disorder (a symptom, by definition, often due to neuro-degenerative/-muscular, drug-induced or localized structural pathologies such as head and neck tumors, lesions and associated surgical and/or radiation injuries) linked to severe consequences on Quality of Life (QoL), including malnutrition, dehydration, and even sudden death. (uandes.cl)
Heartburn2
  • Heartburn results when the cardiac sphincter relaxes and allows the digestive juices to re-enter the esophagus. (peintre-artin.com)
  • When this happens too often, the smooth muscle of the esophagus is eroded, which can cause bleeding and persistent heartburn referred to as GERD (gastro-esophageal reflux disease). (peintre-artin.com)
Cardiac orifice2
Respiration2
Incidence1
  • Cervical esophagogastric anastomosis by means of mechanical suture is more proper than the manual with lower incidence of local complications and, in the long-term evaluation, regular deglutition was acquired in both suture techniques in equal quality. (scielo.br)
Muscles1
Acid1
  • We studied clearance of acid from the esophagus and esophageal emptying in normal subjects. (nih.gov)
Food2
  • After the food has passed through the sphincter, the muscle fibers contract to keep the food and digestive juices from re-entering the esophagus. (peintre-artin.com)
  • The oesophagus is also known as the food tube, food pipe, or gullet. (aakash.ac.in)
Occurs1
  • Congenital abnormality characterized by the lack of full development of the ESOPHAGUS that commonly occurs with TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. (bvsalud.org)
Intestines1
Upper2
  • An important muscular structure located at the top of the esophagus, called the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), isolates the pharynx from the esophagus. (abdominalkey.com)
  • These include goiter (large enough to cause an obstruction), Zenker diverticulum, the fusion of cervical vertebrae, and tumor of the upper esophagus or esophageal web. (doctorable.com)
Smooth1
  • In other species, however, for example, cats, opossums, and primates, a variable portion of the lower esophagus is composed of smooth muscle fibers, controlled by central preganglionic neurons and peripheral neurons of the enteric nervous system ( Figure 1b ). (nature.com)
Presentation1
  • BACKGROUND: Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) of the esophagus is a very rare benign lesions which clinical presentation is not clear and difficult to make a definitive diagnosis preoperatively. (bvsalud.org)
Abdominal1
  • The esophagus' geography usually divides into three sections: cervical at the top, thoracic in the middle, and abdominal at the bottom. (laparoscopic.md)
Sensation1
  • He did not experience any heat or cold sensation before the heat or cold had passed through the walls of the tube and stimulated the mucosa of the esophagus . (bookdome.com)
Gastrointestinal1
  • Among the anastomoses of the gastrointestinal tract, those of the esophagus are of special interest due to several anatomical or even general peculiarities. (scielo.br)
TRAUMA1
  • An opening or hole in the ESOPHAGUS that is caused by TRAUMA, injury, or pathological process. (harvard.edu)
Abdomen1
Complications1
  • In the postoperative period, an early evaluation was performed, analyzing local and systemic complications and late (average 5.6 y) analyzing deglutition. (scielo.br)
Evident1
  • We are not only faced with a visible change in the palate, which makes the newly-born child's feeding difficult, nor even with an evident aesthetic change in the lip cleft: there is a whole complex network of functional changes in the deglutition, speech, hearing standards, craniofacial development and growth, nasal breathing. (arquivosdeorl.org.br)
Lower2
  • He claims that hot or cold sensations were felt only when the lower end of the tube was 30 to 25 cm. distant-hence not far from the lower end of the esophagus. (bookdome.com)
  • 4) It arises in the lower part of the esophagus. (bookdome.com)