Broadly, esophageal spasm can be divided into two major variants that are distinct entities: (1) diffuse esophageal spasm and (2) hypertensive peristalsis. (medscape.com)
Diffuse esophageal spasm is characterized by contractions that are of normal amplitude but are uncoordinated, simultaneous, or rapidly propagated (see image below). (medscape.com)
Barium swallow demonstrates diffuse uncoordinated contractions of the esophagus in a patient with diffuse esophageal spasm. (medscape.com)
Almansa C, Hinder RA, Smith CD, Achem SR. A comprehensive appraisal of the surgical treatment of diffuse esophageal spasm. (medscape.com)
Nino-Murcia M, Stark P, Triadafilopoulos G. Esophageal wall thickening: a CT finding in diffuse esophageal spasm. (medscape.com)
Symptomatic distal esophageal spasm (formerly called diffuse esophageal spasm) is part of a spectrum of motility disorders characterized variously by nonpropulsive contractions and hyperdynamic contractions, sometimes in conjunction with elevated lower esophageal sphincter pressure. (msdmanuals.com)
POEM showed superior characteristics than the standard 100-year-old surgical or laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM), not only for all types of esophageal achalasia [classical (I), vigorous (II), spastic (III), Chicago Classification], but also for advanced sigmoid type achalasia (S1 and S2), failed LHM, or other esophageal motility disorders (diffuse esophageal spasm, nutcracker esophagus or Jackhammer esophagus). (wjgnet.com)
Lower esophagea4
Body mass index (BMI) and total cholesterol may be highly predictive factors for esophageal body contractility, whereas BMI and glucose may be predictive factors for lower esophageal sphincter contractile function. (medscape.com)
Overview of Esophageal and Swallowing Disorders The swallowing apparatus consists of the pharynx, upper esophageal (cricopharyngeal) sphincter, the body of the esophagus, and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). (msdmanuals.com)
Achalasia Achalasia is a neurogenic esophageal motility disorder characterized by impaired esophageal peristalsis and a lack of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation during swallowing. (msdmanuals.com)
with impaired esophageal peristalsis and a lack of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation during swallowing). (msdmanuals.com)
Achalasia1
Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is an innovative, minimally invasive, endoscopic treatment for esophageal achalasia and other esophageal motility disorders, emerged from the natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery procedures, and since the first human case performed by Inoue in 2008, showed exciting results in international level, with more than 4000 cases globally up to now. (wjgnet.com)
Chest pain2
The connection between unexplained chest pain and esophageal spasm was first discovered by William Osler in 1892. (medscape.com)
Diagnostic yield of 24-hour esophageal manometry in non-cardiac chest pain. (medscape.com)
Abnormalities2
This distinction has functional significance because most esophageal motor abnormalities involve the smooth muscle portion. (medscape.com)
High-resolution manometry in clinical practice: utilizing pressure topography to classify oesophageal motility abnormalities. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis2
Because of the vague symptoms and difficulty in diagnosis, esophageal spasm is often underdiagnosed and therefore not adequately treated. (medscape.com)
Herbella FA, Raz DJ, Nipomnick I, Patti MG. Primary versus secondary esophageal motility disorders: diagnosis and implications for treatment. (medscape.com)
Dysphagia2
Very hot or cold liquids, loud noises, and stress may exacerbate dysphagia from esophageal spasm by stimulating muscular contractions. (medscape.com)
Esophageal spasms can cause severe pain without dysphagia. (msdmanuals.com)
Radiographic1
Severe spasms may mimic the radiographic appearance of diverticula but vary in size and position. (msdmanuals.com)
Contractions1
The oropharyngeal swallow with primary and secondary peristaltic contractions of the esophageal body usually transports solid and liquid food boluses from the mouth to the stomach within 10 seconds. (medscape.com)
Distal1
Sometimes, distal esophageal spasm is asymptomatic and is found incidentally. (msdmanuals.com)
Symptoms1
Definitive confirmation of an esophageal origin for symptoms is difficult. (msdmanuals.com)
Chicago Classification1
Esophageal motility disorders in terms of pressure topography: the Chicago Classification. (medscape.com)
Motor2
A number of mechanisms for the initiation and control of esophageal motor activity are located at different levels within the central nervous system, as well as peripherally within the intramural nerves and muscles. (medscape.com)
Advances in esophageal motor disorders. (medscape.com)
Body1
The function of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters is coordinated with the oropharynx, esophageal body, and stomach. (medscape.com)
Upper1
The upper esophageal sphincter (UES), named the cricopharyngeus muscle, is located in the upper zone. (medscape.com)
Similar1
Post-mortem specimen from a similar case of esophageal narrowing in a young boxer. (slideserve.com)
Function1
Clinical characteristics associated with esophageal motility function. (medscape.com)