ColiProteinsSequenceThermophilicFermentable sugarsEnzymeEnzymesPhosphorylateOrganismsEnzymaticMetabolismGenesSialic acidFatty acidsSucroseGlycosyltransferasePolysaccharidesLacticEthanolYeastUptakePhosphateGLYCOPROTEINSOccurDerivativesPathwayFungiAlgaeYeastsStrainsMonoStrainGangliosidesOrganicFermentationCellExpressionCarbonTypeSubstrateSyntheticActivityAntibioticsResistanceTransport
Coli15
- Such enzymes have been found in the bacteria Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (whose N-glycosyltransferase is the best researched member of this enzyme family) and Haemophilus influenzae, and later in other bacterial species such as Escherichia coli. (wikipedia.org)
- The N-glycosyltransferases are subdivided into two functional classes, the first (e.g several Yersinia, Escherichia coli and Burkholderia sp. (wikipedia.org)
- In Escherichia coli , besides the PEPCK reaction, there is another pathway to form PEP from C 4 -dicarboxylic acid which involves the NAD- and NADP-dependent malic enzymes (MAEA and MAEB) and phosphoenolpyruvate synthase (PPS). (asm.org)
- This paper shows that when Helicobacter pylori LuxS is overproduced in Escherichia coli , it forms cross-linkable multimers. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The nucleotide sequences of rbsD , rbsA , and rbsC genes of Escherichia coli K 12. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Mutations that alter the ability of Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein to activate transcription. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- P1 transduction map spanning the replication terminus of Escherichia coli K12. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- For example, when Escherichia coli is grown axenically in steady state, we can expect that each RNA molecule corresponds to 10 2 -10 4 of the matching protein (absolute protein-to-RNA ratio, hereafter referred protein-to-RNA ratio) and the variation in the level of cellular RNA explains ~29% of the variation in the amount of detectable protein 2 . (nature.com)
- protein_coding" "AAC73960","hcp","Escherichia coli","hybrid-cluster [4Fe-2S-2O] subunit of anaerobic terminal reductases [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC74319","hns","Escherichia coli","global DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator H-NS [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity of parthenin, a sesquiterpene lactone from parthenium hysterophorus l. with allergenic and irritant action, was assessed in three short-term tests: bacterial reversion in salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli, in vitro chromosomal aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes and micronuclei in mouse peripheral blood. (liverpool.ac.uk)
- protein_coding" "AAC74185","ptsG","Escherichia coli","fused glucose-specific PTS enzymes: IIB component/IIC component [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC74323","adhE","Escherichia coli","fused acetaldehyde-CoA dehydrogenase/iron-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase/pyruvate-formate lyase deactivase [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC74850","yeaD","Escherichia coli","D-hexose-6-phosphate epimerase-like protein [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- protein_coding" "AAC74888","manY","Escherichia coli","mannose-specific enzyme IIC component of PTS [Ensembl]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Proteins6
- N-glycosyltransferase is an enzyme in prokaryotes which transfers individual hexoses onto asparagine sidechains in substrate proteins, using a nucleotide-bound intermediary, within the cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
- N-linked glycosylation is an important process, especially in eukaryotes where over half of all proteins have N-linked sugars attached and where it is the most common form of glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
- Adhesins are proteins that are used to colonize a surface, often a mucosal surface in the case of pathogenic bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. (lookformedical.com)
- Extraction procedures are optimized to precipitate and remove proteins and nucleic acids while maximizing solubilization of GSLs along with other lipids. (springer.com)
- Any of the enzymatically catalyzed modifications of the individual AMINO ACIDS of PROTEINS, and enzymatic cleavage or crosslinking of peptide chains that occur pre-translationally (on the amino acid component of AMINO ACYL TRNA), co-translationally (during the process of GENETIC TRANSLATION), or after translation is completed (POST-TRANSLATIONAL PROTEIN PROCESSING). (lookformedical.com)
Sequence4
- Both enzyme families however target a shared amino acid sequence asparagine--any amino acid except proline-serine or threonine (N-x-S/T), with some variations. (wikipedia.org)
- N-glycosyltransferases from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae use an asparagine-amino acid-serine or threonine sequences as target sequences, the same sequence used by oligosaccharyltransferases. (wikipedia.org)
- Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories. (lookformedical.com)
- vi)a nucleic acid sequence according to any of (i) and (ii) which is degenerate as a result of the genetic code. (allindianpatents.com)
Thermophilic1
- Fermentation of cellulosic biomass goes through an atypical glycolytic pathway in this thermophilic bacterium, with various glycolytic enzymes capable of utilizing different phosphate donors, including GTP and inorganic pyrophosphate (PP i ), in addition to or in place of the usual ATP. (biomedcentral.com)
Fermentable sugars2
- Moreover, conversion of sugarcane biomass into fermentable sugars for second-generation ethanol production is a promising alternative to meet future demands of biofuel production in the country. (scielo.br)
- In Ethanol & Alcohol production process, the starches from agricultural products are converted in fermentable sugars with the help of enzymes. (sunsonenzymes.com)
Enzyme9
- Attachment of sugars to the nitrogen atom in an amide group - such as the amide group of an asparagine - requires an enzyme, as the electrons of the nitrogen are delocalized in a pi-electron system with the carbon of the amide. (wikipedia.org)
- Among these are a deprotonation of the amide, an interaction between a hydroxyl group in the substrate sequon with the amide (a theory which is supported by the fact that the glycosylation rates appear to increase with the basicity of the second amino acid in the sequon) and two interactions involving acidic amino acids in the enzyme with each hydrogen atom of the amide group. (wikipedia.org)
- The enzyme activity is further influenced by the amino acids around the sequon, with beta-loop structures especially important. (wikipedia.org)
- The pckA gene, encoding the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), was cloned by PCR amplification from the purple nonsulfur bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris No. 7. (asm.org)
- In Rhizobium species, a PEPCK-deficient mutant fails to grow on minimal medium with succinate or other citric acid cycle intermediates but can grow on glucose and glycerol as a sole carbon source, suggesting that PEPCK functions here as a key gluconeogenic enzyme ( 30 ). (asm.org)
- Starch sugar is the sugar produced by starch as the raw material and the enzyme preparation is widely used in the preduction of starch sugar. (sunsonenzymes.com)
- 1 unit of Xylanase equals to the amount of enzyme, which hydrolyzes xylan to get 1 μmol of reducing sugar (Calculated as xylose) in 1 min at 50℃ and pH5.0. (sunsonenzymes.com)
- Therefore, the dramatic changes of sugar type and concentration during the germination process undoubtedly regulates the enzyme activity and the pattern of gene expression of several enzymes [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Hexokinase (HXK) is a glycolytic regulatory enzyme that catalyzes the irreversible phosphorylation reaction of D-hexoses at the sixth carbon using ATP-Mg 2+ as a phosphate donor. (biomedcentral.com)
Enzymes3
- PEPCKs have been generally classified according to their nucleotide specificities: enzymes from bacteria, yeast, and plants mainly use adenosine nucleotides, but enzymes from a variety of eukaryotes and mammals use guanosine or inosine phosphates ( 24 ). (asm.org)
- Strains deficient in all three enzymes cannot grow on C 4 -dicarboxylic acids as a sole carbon source, whereas strains retaining one of these enzymes are still able to grow ( 14 ). (asm.org)
- Le génome de C. phytofermentans code pour 171 enzymes qui dégradent les polysaccharides (CAZymes), soulignant l'ensemble complexe d'enzymes nécessaires pour transformer la biomasse en sucres. (cea.fr)
Phosphorylate1
- These findings along with previous proteomic data suggest that Pfp, plays a role in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, while PfkA and PfkB may phosphorylate sugars in glycolysis but is responsible for sugar metabolism elsewhere under conditions outside of growth on sufficient cellobiose. (biomedcentral.com)
Organisms4
- Conversely, PEPCK also functions in the anaplerotic pathway of some organisms, such as Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens ( 37 ), Alcaligenes eutrophus ( 39 ), Ruminococcus flavefaciens ( 40 ), Dipetalonema viteae ( 4 ), and Trypanosoma cruzi ( 6 ), where it forms OAA from PEP, which in turn enters the citric acid cycle. (asm.org)
- Purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) are metabolically versatile organisms which are able to grow either aerobically in the dark or anaerobically in the light using hydrogen or organic compounds as electron donors and subsequently fixing CO 2 ( 16 ). (asm.org)
- as well as the highest solubilization percentage of minimally pretreated mid-season switchgrass in comparison to other organisms[ 7 ], while fermenting the derived sugars to ethanol and acetate plus hydrogen (H 2 ) [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids that are found in cell membranes of various organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. (springer.com)
Enzymatic1
- From the six HXKs analyzed here, only ZmHXK9 has minimal hexose phosphorylating activity even though enzymatic function of all isoforms (ZmHXK4-9) was confirmed using a yeast complementation approach. (biomedcentral.com)
Metabolism1
- The depletion of DOM over time was strongly correlated with increases in expression of many genes associated with heterotrophy (e.g., amino acid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism) belonging to a Hydrogenophaga strain that accounted for a relatively large percentage (~8%) of the metatranscriptome. (frontiersin.org)
Genes2
- Sequencing of a 2.5-kb chromosomal Sma I- Pst I fragment containing the structural gene revealed an open reading frame encoding 537 amino acids, homologous to known pckA genes. (asm.org)
- To apply this strategy to increase the ethanol yield on sucrose, we constructed a platform strain in which all genes encoding hexose transporters, disaccharide transporters and disaccharide hydrolases were deleted, after which a combination of a glucose-proton symporter, fructose-proton symporter and extracellular invertase ( SUC2 ) were introduced. (biomedcentral.com)
Sialic acid2
- They contain one or more sialic acid (N-ACETYLNEURAMINIC ACID) residues. (lookformedical.com)
- After separation by TLC, 10 -12 -10 -9 mol quantities of GSL can be chemically detected with orcinol, a reagent for hexoses and with resorcinol-HCl, a reagent for sialic acid. (springer.com)
Fatty acids2
- Whereas the trisaccharidic head group of Gb 3 defines the specificity of Shiga toxin binding, the lipophilic part composed of sphingosine and different fatty acids is suggested to determine its localization within membranes impacting membrane organisation and protein binding eventually leading to protein internalisation. (springer.com)
- The results clearly highlight the influence of the different fatty acids of the Gb 3 sphingolipids on the phase behaviour and the binding properties of Shiga toxin B subunits, even though the membranes were only doped with 5 mol% of the receptor lipid. (springer.com)
Sucrose2
- After evolution, the resulting strain exhibited a 16.6% increased anaerobic ethanol yield (from 1.51 to 1.76 mol mol hexose equivalent −1 ) and 46.6% decreased biomass yield on sucrose. (biomedcentral.com)
- Sugar-binding transport ATP-binding protein aka MalK1 aka TT_C0211, component of The trehalose/maltose/sucrose/palatinose porter (TTC1627-9) plus MalK1 (ABC protein, shared with 3.A.1.1.24) (Silva et al. (lbl.gov)
Glycosyltransferase2
- N-glycosyltransferases are an unusual type of glycosyltransferase which joins single hexoses to the target protein. (wikipedia.org)
- At least the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae N-glycosyltransferase can also hydrolyze sugar-nucleotides in the absence of a substrate, a pattern frequently observed in glycosyltransferases, and some N-glycosyltransferases can attach additional hexoses on oxygen atoms of the protein-linked hexose. (wikipedia.org)
Polysaccharides1
- MECHANISMHemicellulose comprises a group of heterogenous polysaccharides made up of hexose, pentose and their derivatives. (sunsonenzymes.com)
Lactic2
- We discuss the historical relevance and the benefits of pulque consumption, its chemical and nutritional properties, including the health benefits associated with diverse lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potential isolated from the beverage. (frontiersin.org)
- A few years ago, I was asked to explain lactic acid fermentation in sourdough, and the difference between homo- and heterofermentation. (thefreshloaf.com)
Ethanol3
- However, a combination of factors involving oil price drops, reduction of subsidies to producers and rise of sugar prices contributed to fuel shortage that led to a major downturn in the demand for ethanol-run cars. (scielo.br)
- In anaerobic cultures, a higher ethanol yield can be achieved when transport of hexoses is proton-coupled, because of the lower net ATP yield of sugar dissimilation. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study provides a proof-of-concept for the replacement of the endogenous hexose transporters of S. cerevisiae by hexose-proton symport, and the concomitant decrease in ATP yield, to greatly improve the anaerobic yield of ethanol on sugar. (biomedcentral.com)
Yeast4
- Better control of fermentation conditions can reduce the stress conditions for yeast cells and contamination by bacteria and wild yeasts. (scielo.br)
- In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , which is widely applied for industrial bioethanol production, uptake of hexoses is mediated by transporters with a facilitated diffusion mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
- Introduction of heterologous glucose- or fructose-proton symporters in an hxt 0 yeast background strain (derived from CEN.PK2-1C) restored growth on the corresponding sugar under aerobic conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
- In such environments, the high extracellular glucose concentration can drive the uptake of glucose by yeast cells via diffusion, which is exemplified by the occurrence of many hexose transporters with a facilitated diffusion mechanism in S. cerevisiae . (biomedcentral.com)
Uptake2
- To facilitate uptake and conversion of glucose at low extracellular concentrations, activity of high-affinity transporters ( K M ~ 1 mM) is required, in combination with hexokinase activity to 'trap' the sugar inside the cell in its phosphorylated form and therefore maintain a glucose concentration gradient over the cellular membrane [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- These phytosiderophores ("plant iron carriers") are built up from non-proteinogenic amino acids and play a key role in micronutrient uptake in gramineous plants. (tuwien.ac.at)
Phosphate1
- The production of hexose 6 phosphate is a key node in different pathways that are required for a successful germination. (biomedcentral.com)
GLYCOPROTEINS1
- Fucose is a monosaccharide that is commonly found in the cell walls of bacteria and is involved in the formation of glycoproteins and glycolipids. (lookformedical.com)
Occur2
- The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. (lookformedical.com)
- One manifestation of negative selection in the globins is that minimal 3-base type amino acid replacements occur less frequently than would be expected if base replacements had occurred and were accepted at random. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
Derivatives2
- Based on the chemical profile analysis, 32 compounds were successfully or tentatively identified, including gallic and ellagic acid derivatives, flavonol glycosides, triterpenes and pheophorbides. (biomedcentral.com)
- To obtain fluorescent Gb 3 derivatives, either fatty acid labelled Gb 3 molecules or head group labelled ones were synthesized. (springer.com)
Pathway1
- This reaction is the first step in the gluconeogenic pathway, in which citric acid cycle intermediates are converted to hexose. (asm.org)
Fungi1
- A polysaccharide (PS) is a carbohydrate that was primarily produced by bacteria, fungi, microalgae, and streptomycetes. (springeropen.com)
Algae1
- In addition, global warming has led to an increase in temperature of water, which has affected the normal lifecycles of bacteria and algae, mainly by increasing the duration of bloom seasons. (ncsu.edu)
Yeasts1
- The emergence of Crabtree-positive yeasts 100-150 million years ago probably coincided with the emergence of fruit-bearing plants, providing a sugar-rich niche in which these yeasts evolved [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Strains1
- Three key compounds commonly found in the samples, namely gallic acid, quercitrin, and corosolic acid, did not exhibit significant antibacterial activity when assessed individually or in combination with antibiotics against clinical bacterial strains. (biomedcentral.com)
Mono1
- The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of mono sugars revealed that EPS was composed of manouronic acid, glucuronic acid, xylose, and fructose at a molar ratio of 1.0:0.5:1.0:2.0, respectively. (springeropen.com)
Strain2
- A R. palustris No. 7 PEPCK-deficient strain showed growth characteristics identical to those of the wild-type strain either anaerobically in the light or aerobically in the dark when a C 4 -dicarboxylic acid, such as succinate or malate, was used as a carbon source. (asm.org)
- Moreover, the sugar-negative platform strain constructed in this study acts as a valuable starting point for future studies on sugar transport or development of cell factories requiring specific sugar transport mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Gangliosides1
- Based on the ganglio GSL series, gangliosides are synthesized, where sialic acids are linked to the glycan structure to produce negatively charged GSLs. (springer.com)
Organic1
- Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. (lookformedical.com)
Fermentation1
- Nous cherchons à comprendre les systèmes qu'utilisent C. phytofermentans pour fermenter la biomasse en combinant les mesures à haut débit de l'expression des gènes comme la protéomique ( Tolonen and Haas, 2014 ), la transcriptomique ( Boutard et al, 2014 ), et la métabolomique avec des analyses de la croissance, la fermentation et la microscopie (figure 1A). (cea.fr)
Cell1
- Small talk: cell-cell communication in bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Expression1
- How bacteria talk to each other: regulation of gene expression by quorum sensing. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Carbon1
- Sugars are the main source of carbon and energy, but they also have signaling functions [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Type1
- Seed germination is a crucial process in the plant life cycle when a dramatic variation of type and sugar content occurs just as the seed is hydrated. (biomedcentral.com)
Substrate1
- the interaction breaks the delocalization and allows the electrons of the nitrogen to perform a nucleophilic attack on the sugar substrate. (wikipedia.org)
Synthetic1
- In this work, two central building blocks are prepared from labeled starting materials ( 13 C 2 -bromoacetic acid, 13 C 2 -glycine) and further employed in our recently reported divergent, branched synthetic strategy delivering eight isotopically labeled phytosiderophores. (tuwien.ac.at)
Activity1
- The proton motive force is maintained by export of protons by a plasma membrane H + -ATPase, and therefore this sugar transport system requires net investment of ATP for its activity [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibiotics1
- Extracts and phases obtained from the medicinal plant M. albicans demonstrated synergistic effects when combined with the commercial antibiotics ampicillin and ciprofloxacin, against multi-drug resistant bacteria S. aureus and A. baumannii , restoring their antibacterial efficacy. (biomedcentral.com)
Resistance1
- Given the rising occurrence of antibiotic resistance due to the existence and ongoing development of resistant bacteria and phenotypes, the identification of new treatments and sources of antimicrobial agents is of utmost urgency. (biomedcentral.com)
Transport1
- In this study, the facilitated diffusion transport system for hexose sugars of S. cerevisiae was replaced by hexose-proton symport. (biomedcentral.com)